Harappa

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Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Mesopotamian religion

Egyptians

Chapter 2 Outline ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. Chapter 2 ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. I.??????? Mesopotamia Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably. Mesopotamia does have a warm climate and good soil. By 4000 B.C.E. farmers were using cattle-pulled plows and a sort of planter to cultivate barley. Just after 3000 B.C.E. they began constructing irrigation canals to bring water to fields farther away from the rivers.

persia_chart_2_river_valleys.doc

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Nile

Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Shang China Time period 3500 BCE 3200 BCE 2500 BCE 1650 BCE Geographic Description Tigris and Euphrates river flooding Few natural barriers Invasions and trade caused city-states to initially develop Nile River. Predictable floods. Natural barriers like desert. People settled on one side of river; other side reserved for religion; led to centralization Indus river and later Ganges Violent flooding due to seasonal monssons Buffered by the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mts although Arynas found a pass (Kyber Pass) Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze rivers. Unpredictable flooding ?River of Sorrows? Natural barriers led to geographic isolation..Middle Kingdom. River meandered so it caused decentralized feudalism P Made organized city-states.

AP world history

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Indo-Aryan migration theory

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Shabda

Dravidian peoples

Vedas

Reincarnation

Varna

Chapter?4: Early Societies in South Asia Chapter Outline Harappan society Background Neolithic villages in Indus River valley by 3000 B.C.E. Earliest remains inaccessible because of silt deposits and rising water table Also little known because writing not yet translated Foundations of Harappan society The Indus River Runs through north India, with sources at Hindu Kush and the Himalayas Rich deposits but less predictable than the Nile Wheat and barley were cultivated in Indus valley Cultivated cotton before 5000 B.C.E. Complex society of Dravidians, 3000 B.C.E. No evidence about political system Harappa and Mohenjo-daro: two main cities Each city had a fortified citadel and a large granary Broad streets, marketplaces, temples, public buildings

AP World History Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1

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Sindh

Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Egyptians

Irrigation

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE ? From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations I. History and Culture in the Ice Age A. Food Gathering and Stone Tools 1. The period known as the Stone Age lasted from 2 million years ago to 4,000 years ago. It is subdivided into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age?to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age). 2. The Paleolithic age is characterized by the production of stone tools that were used in scavenging meat from dead animals and later in hunting. Homo sapiens proved to be particularly good hunters and may have caused or helped to cause the extinction of mastodons and mammoths about 11,000 years ago.

Early Societies in South Asia

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Bronze Age

Archaeological sites in Pakistan

Indo-Aryan migration theory

Rigveda

Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 17 June 2015 Chapter 4 Outline Societies in South Asia Told by Aryans, Indra was alone Aryans were herding ppl. Who spokeIndo-Euro lang./migrated to south Asia >1500 BC Took Indra as chief deity/sang hymns in his honor War between gods/demons; gods were flagging, appointed Indra as leader, turned tide Indra brought rain to earth; fought dragon who lived in sky/hoarded waterin clouds Indra slaked thirst withsoma, hallucinogenic potion consumed by Aryan priests, attacked dragon, killed by hurling thunderbolts Dragon?s fall caused turmoil on earth/atmosphere, rains filled 7 rivers that flowed in north India/brought it to ppl. Aryans took Indra as leader against earth/heaven forces

Chapter 1

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Asia

Cultural anthropology

culture

Cradle of civilization

Mesopotamia

Prehistory

- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

The Earth and its People CH 1 Identifications

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Civilizations

Asia

Fertile Crescent

Justin Park Justin Park Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 BCE (IDs and Significance) Before Civilization Civilization: an ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture: Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Culture also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology History: The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices

The Earth and its People CH 1 Summary

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Asia

Pottery

Chapter ?1: ?From ?the ?Origins ?of ?Agriculture ?to ?the ?First ?River-??Valley ?Civilizations, ?8000-??1500 ?B.C.E. Chapter ?Summary Mesopotamia ? The ?Mesopotamian ?culture ?started ?with ?the ?Sumerian ?people ? Organized ?into ?city-??states ? Controlled ?the ?surrounding ?Agricultural ?land ? Priest ?originally ?ruled ?these ?lands ?but ?the ?power ?shifted ?over ?to ?a ?king ?that ?ruled ?over ?everything ? Social ?divisions ?based ?off ?of ?Hammurabi?s ?Code ? Public ?strived ?to ?appease ?their ?God?s ? They ?generally ?had ?God?s ?of ?the ?environment ?because ?of ?unpredictable ??loods ?and ?such ? Various ?technologies ?to ?respond ?to ?the ?agricultural ?changes ? EX: ?Cuneiform, ?Irrigation, ?stone ?age ?tools Egypt ? Surrounded ?by ?desert

Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.)

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Asia