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Fertile Crescent

Chapter 4 The Earth and Its People

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Chapter 4 Outline ? The Mediterranean and Middle East, 2000?500 B.C.E. The Mediterranean and Middle East,? 2000?500?b.c.e. I.????? The Cosmopolitan Middle East, 1700?1100 b.c.e. Western Asia In the southern portion of western Asia, the Kassites ruled Babylonia during this period. Babylonia did not pursue territorial conquest. In the north, the Assyrians had their origins in the northern Tigris area. They were involved in trade in tin and silver. The Hittites had their capital in Anatolia, used horse-drawn chariots, and had access to important copper, silver, and iron deposits. During the second millennium b.c.e. Mesopotamian political and cultural concepts spread across much of western Asia. New Kingdom Egypt

Chatper 2 The Earth and Its Peoples

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Chapter 2 Outline ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. Chapter 2 ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. I.??????? Mesopotamia Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably. Mesopotamia does have a warm climate and good soil. By 4000 B.C.E. farmers were using cattle-pulled plows and a sort of planter to cultivate barley. Just after 3000 B.C.E. they began constructing irrigation canals to bring water to fields farther away from the rivers.

Chapter 1 The Earth and Its Peoples

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Chapter 1 Outline ? The Neolithic Revolution LECTURE/DISCUSSION ?THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS? A. The Neolithic Revolution Pre-revolution For 99% of human existence, our forbears lived by hunting and foraging These individuals were tied to the seasons of plant foods and the movements of animals Deliberated cultivation of food (beginning of food production) began about 10,000 years ago > called the Neolithic Revolution The development of agriculture most clearly moved humans toward a more sophisticated social and cultural patterns B. What is an agricultural society? Humans settle in one spot and focus on particular economic, political, and religious goals and activities most people are farmers production of food is the number 1 economic activity C. Initial Development

Chatper 1 The Earth and Its Peoples Outline

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Chapter 1 Outline ? The Neolithic Revolution LECTURE/DISCUSSION ?THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS? A. The Neolithic Revolution Pre-revolution For 99% of human existence, our forbears lived by hunting and foraging These individuals were tied to the seasons of plant foods and the movements of animals Deliberated cultivation of food (beginning of food production) began about 10,000 years ago > called the Neolithic Revolution The development of agriculture most clearly moved humans toward a more sophisticated social and cultural patterns B. What is an agricultural society? Humans settle in one spot and focus on particular economic, political, and religious goals and activities most people are farmers production of food is the number 1 economic activity C. Initial Development

Guns Germs and Steel: Episode 1- Out of Eden

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?Guns, Germs and Steel. Episode One: Out of Eden?Answer the following questions while watching Episode One. What is Cargo? How did New Guineans view cargo? How did Westerners view cargo? New gunians thought of cargo as things brought to the island first by westerners. Westerners thought of cargo as materials things you bring with you. According to Diamond what have all great civilizations had in common? Large population, better technology, and good workforce. What is the main geographical difference between the Middle East 13,000 years ago and today? How did this help its inhabitants? The Indus valley region had lots of vegetation. This helped them eat and have shelter.

Israel and Palestine Film Handout

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Israel and Palestine: The Roots of Conflict In 1947, the United Nations proposed a plan to partition Palestine and create a homeland for Jewish people. More than 50 years later, conflict between Jews and Palestinians is still unresolved-and it is often marked by violence. Learn the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the historical claims to the land that both sides have made. 1. Who is involved in the conflict? They are Jews and Muslims. 2. What region is at the heart of the conflict? Describe the claim that both groups have on this region. Israel and Palestine is the heath of the conflict. 3. What is Israel? When was it founded and by whom? It is a country that was split from Palestine. 4. What is the Zionist Movement?

persia_chart_2_river_valleys.doc

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Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Shang China Time period 3500 BCE 3200 BCE 2500 BCE 1650 BCE Geographic Description Tigris and Euphrates river flooding Few natural barriers Invasions and trade caused city-states to initially develop Nile River. Predictable floods. Natural barriers like desert. People settled on one side of river; other side reserved for religion; led to centralization Indus river and later Ganges Violent flooding due to seasonal monssons Buffered by the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mts although Arynas found a pass (Kyber Pass) Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze rivers. Unpredictable flooding ?River of Sorrows? Natural barriers led to geographic isolation..Middle Kingdom. River meandered so it caused decentralized feudalism P Made organized city-states.

persia_chart_1_paleo_and_neo.doc

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CIVILIZATION Paleolithic/Neolithic Periods Time Period P: Generally accepted to start around 2 Million years ago and ended at Neolithic?s start N: Began About 12,000 Yrs ago (10,000BCE), ended at the start of the river valley civilizations Geographic Description P: There were shifts in the Earth?s climate which at time included ice ages. Early people began to migrate in search of food (followed wild herds);nomads hunted and gathered food N: Ice sheets rescinded and in the more temperate zones, domestication of plants and animals occurred with the 1st area being the Middle East; farming spread along similar line of latitude Political: P:

The Cradle of Civilization The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt

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Week 3: The Cradle of Civilization: The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt The Neolithic Revolution 28,000 years ago: the Cro-Magnon people pushed into Europe and outcompeted the Neanderthals Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals also occupied the Middle East Homo Sapiens also outcompeted Neanderthals there and left only modern humans Humans (Natufians) lived in and around the Mediterranean Sea in modern day Jordan, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and Imam Known as the Levant Until 13,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens were hunters/gatherers living in small groups spreading across broad expanses of territory Relied on equality and group consensus Lives were highly uncertain because of food insecurity No way to store food in large quantities Food was also scarce

AP World History World Civilizations Chapter 1 Notes

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After Babylonians Assyrians Assyrians conquered Israel Moved the people out of Israel and put other people in Co-existed with Babylonians Considered themselves from the Babylonians Jews hated Samaritans Egypt Stay a lot in Egypt or go south Northeast Africa along the Nile River Civilization formed by 3000 BC Egyptians benefited from the trade and influence of Mesopotamia Egypt not as open to invasion as Mesopotamia Had to cross Libyan desert on the west Peninsula on the east Only way in from the south Moved out of Sahara Desert when it became dry and unfertile Considered Pharaoh to be a god Said that the Pharaoh took the form of Horus after death One of the only civilizations to have a very worked out after life Political structure Pharaoh had immense power = ?god-like? status

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