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Sumer

WHAP

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World History/Ancient Civilizations Maps | Resources | Contributors? Corner 1 Before the Rise of Civilization Early people were nomadic hunter-gatherers and lived o? the land. Over time, nomadic groups of foragers and hunters began to settle down. The pastoral society helped to further tie groups to speci?c areas of land. The rais- ing of animals created strains on nomadic peoples to ?nd large and reliable sources of food to feed their growing population of animals. Drawbacks at the onset of civi- lization were that they were unusually aggressive, babies were greatly dependent for many years on adult care, and they were aware of the inevitability of death. However, they had several advantages, such as opposable thumbs, ease of reproduction, the ability to adapt to varying phys-

Chatper 2 The Earth and Its Peoples

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Chapter 2 Outline ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. Chapter 2 ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. I.??????? Mesopotamia Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably. Mesopotamia does have a warm climate and good soil. By 4000 B.C.E. farmers were using cattle-pulled plows and a sort of planter to cultivate barley. Just after 3000 B.C.E. they began constructing irrigation canals to bring water to fields farther away from the rivers.

The Cradle of Civilization The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt

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Week 3: The Cradle of Civilization: The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt The Neolithic Revolution 28,000 years ago: the Cro-Magnon people pushed into Europe and outcompeted the Neanderthals Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals also occupied the Middle East Homo Sapiens also outcompeted Neanderthals there and left only modern humans Humans (Natufians) lived in and around the Mediterranean Sea in modern day Jordan, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and Imam Known as the Levant Until 13,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens were hunters/gatherers living in small groups spreading across broad expanses of territory Relied on equality and group consensus Lives were highly uncertain because of food insecurity No way to store food in large quantities Food was also scarce

AP World History Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1

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CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE ? From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations I. History and Culture in the Ice Age A. Food Gathering and Stone Tools 1. The period known as the Stone Age lasted from 2 million years ago to 4,000 years ago. It is subdivided into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age?to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age). 2. The Paleolithic age is characterized by the production of stone tools that were used in scavenging meat from dead animals and later in hunting. Homo sapiens proved to be particularly good hunters and may have caused or helped to cause the extinction of mastodons and mammoths about 11,000 years ago.

Early Societies in Southwest Asia and the Indo-European Migrations

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 13 June 2015 Chapter 2 Outline Societies in Southwest Asia/Indo-Euro Migrations Ancient Mesopotamian society, man named Gilgamesh 5thking of city Uruk; ruled 2750 BC for 126 yrs., led community in conflicts with Kish, city that was rival of Uruk Was figure of Mesopotamian myth/folklore Subject of poems/legends, Mesopotamian bards made him figure in stories known asEpic of Gilgamesh Became hero; gods granted Gilgamesh perfect body/strength/courage Constructed walls of Uruk/temples to Mesopotamian deities Recount adventures/friend Enkidu; killed monster, rescued Uruk from bull, matched wits with gods Enkidu offended gods/was sentencedto death Loss affected Gilgamesh, sought to cheat death/gain immortality

The Earth And Its Peoples, 3rd Edition Vocabulary Flashcards for Chapters 1-3

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Agricultural Revolution The change from food- gathering to food production that occurred between 8000 and 2000 BCE Akhenaten ruled Egypt from 1353-1335 BCE; created a religious revelution by imposing worship of the sun-disk god; built a new capital at Amarna Amulets Small charms meant to protect the bearer from evil Babylon Largest and most important city in Mesopotamia; capital of Amorite king Hammurabi Carthage founded by the Phoenicians; became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in 300 BCE Chavin first major urban civilization in South America City-state Self-governing urban center and the agricultural territories it controlled Civilization Term used to denote more

dispute_between_sumerian_cities

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Lagash and Umma were two Sumerian cities located 18 miles apart. These documents were found on clay cylinders and date from about 2500 BC At the time of the events recorded here, Entemena is king of Lagash. His uncle, Eannatum, had been king earlier and was responsible for the treaty with Lagash mentioned in these documents. The names of the rulers of Lagash are confusing: Eannatum was king of Lagash at the time the original treaty with Umma was negotiated. Enannatum was Eannatum's brother and succeeded him on the throne. Entemena, Enannatum's son and Eannatum's nephew, was king of Lagash at the time of the dispute described in the documents. I

Chapter 1 bulliet

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Chapter 1 From the Origins of Agriculture to the first Early River Valley Civilizations Before Civilization Stone Age- 2 million to 4 thousand years ago Stone age is subdivided into the Paleolithic age (old stone age to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) Stone tools are developed in the Paleolithic Age Chauvet CaveOn December 18, 1994, this cave in southern France was discovered by Jean-Marie Chauvet, a French official. It contains the oldest and best preserved prehistoric cave paintings; more than three hundred paintings were found of animals that inhabited the Stone Age world, including panthers, cave bears, and mammoths. This black-painted panel in the Chauvet Cave shows horses, rhinoceroses, and wild oxen. (Jean Clottes/Ministere de la Culture)

Chapter 1

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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

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