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Mesopotamia

WHAP

Subject: 
World History
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Ancient Near East
Civilizations
Akkadian Empire
Mesopotamia
Kurdish people
Sargon of Akkad
Sumer
3rd millennium BC
Assyria
Elam
Amorites
Lugal-zage-si

World History/Ancient Civilizations Maps | Resources | Contributors? Corner 1 Before the Rise of Civilization Early people were nomadic hunter-gatherers and lived o? the land. Over time, nomadic groups of foragers and hunters began to settle down. The pastoral society helped to further tie groups to speci?c areas of land. The rais- ing of animals created strains on nomadic peoples to ?nd large and reliable sources of food to feed their growing population of animals. Drawbacks at the onset of civi- lization were that they were unusually aggressive, babies were greatly dependent for many years on adult care, and they were aware of the inevitability of death. However, they had several advantages, such as opposable thumbs, ease of reproduction, the ability to adapt to varying phys-

Chatper 2 The Earth and Its Peoples

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World History
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Civilizations
Ancient Near East
Fertile Crescent
Bronze Age
Western Asia
Indus Valley Civilization
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Sumer
Harappa
Egyptians
Ancient Mesopotamian religion

Chapter 2 Outline ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. Chapter 2 ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. I.??????? Mesopotamia Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably. Mesopotamia does have a warm climate and good soil. By 4000 B.C.E. farmers were using cattle-pulled plows and a sort of planter to cultivate barley. Just after 3000 B.C.E. they began constructing irrigation canals to bring water to fields farther away from the rivers.

persia_chart_2_river_valleys.doc

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World History
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Civilizations
Fertile Crescent
Ancient Near East
Mesopotamia
Geography of Iraq
Irrigation
Harappa
Vedic period
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Euphrates
Nile
Hinduism

Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Shang China Time period 3500 BCE 3200 BCE 2500 BCE 1650 BCE Geographic Description Tigris and Euphrates river flooding Few natural barriers Invasions and trade caused city-states to initially develop Nile River. Predictable floods. Natural barriers like desert. People settled on one side of river; other side reserved for religion; led to centralization Indus river and later Ganges Violent flooding due to seasonal monssons Buffered by the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mts although Arynas found a pass (Kyber Pass) Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze rivers. Unpredictable flooding ?River of Sorrows? Natural barriers led to geographic isolation..Middle Kingdom. River meandered so it caused decentralized feudalism P Made organized city-states.

The Cradle of Civilization The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt

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World History
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Fertile Crescent
Civilizations
Ancient Near East
Amarna Period
Atenism
Hammurabi
Mesopotamia
Bo
Akhenaten
Sumer
Memphis, Egypt
Amun

Week 3: The Cradle of Civilization: The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt The Neolithic Revolution 28,000 years ago: the Cro-Magnon people pushed into Europe and outcompeted the Neanderthals Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals also occupied the Middle East Homo Sapiens also outcompeted Neanderthals there and left only modern humans Humans (Natufians) lived in and around the Mediterranean Sea in modern day Jordan, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and Imam Known as the Levant Until 13,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens were hunters/gatherers living in small groups spreading across broad expanses of territory Relied on equality and group consensus Lives were highly uncertain because of food insecurity No way to store food in large quantities Food was also scarce

AP World History World Civilizations Chapter 1 Notes

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World History
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Fertile Crescent
Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Western Asia
Levant
Assyria
Babylonia
Syria
Pharaoh
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Egyptians
Indus Valley Civilization

After Babylonians Assyrians Assyrians conquered Israel Moved the people out of Israel and put other people in Co-existed with Babylonians Considered themselves from the Babylonians Jews hated Samaritans Egypt Stay a lot in Egypt or go south Northeast Africa along the Nile River Civilization formed by 3000 BC Egyptians benefited from the trade and influence of Mesopotamia Egypt not as open to invasion as Mesopotamia Had to cross Libyan desert on the west Peninsula on the east Only way in from the south Moved out of Sahara Desert when it became dry and unfertile Considered Pharaoh to be a god Said that the Pharaoh took the form of Horus after death One of the only civilizations to have a very worked out after life Political structure Pharaoh had immense power = ?god-like? status

AP World History Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1

Subject: 
World History
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Civilizations
Ancient Near East
Fertile Crescent
Western Asia
Sindh
Indus Valley Civilization
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Sumer
Harappa
Egyptians
Irrigation

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE ? From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations I. History and Culture in the Ice Age A. Food Gathering and Stone Tools 1. The period known as the Stone Age lasted from 2 million years ago to 4,000 years ago. It is subdivided into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age?to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age). 2. The Paleolithic age is characterized by the production of stone tools that were used in scavenging meat from dead animals and later in hunting. Homo sapiens proved to be particularly good hunters and may have caused or helped to cause the extinction of mastodons and mammoths about 11,000 years ago.

Early Societies in Southwest Asia and the Indo-European Migrations

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World History
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Fertile Crescent
Semitic people
Assyria
Sumer
Babylonia
Mesopotamia
Sargon of Akkad
Canaan
Amorites
Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Uruk
Akkadian Empire

Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 13 June 2015 Chapter 2 Outline Societies in Southwest Asia/Indo-Euro Migrations Ancient Mesopotamian society, man named Gilgamesh 5thking of city Uruk; ruled 2750 BC for 126 yrs., led community in conflicts with Kish, city that was rival of Uruk Was figure of Mesopotamian myth/folklore Subject of poems/legends, Mesopotamian bards made him figure in stories known asEpic of Gilgamesh Became hero; gods granted Gilgamesh perfect body/strength/courage Constructed walls of Uruk/temples to Mesopotamian deities Recount adventures/friend Enkidu; killed monster, rescued Uruk from bull, matched wits with gods Enkidu offended gods/was sentencedto death Loss affected Gilgamesh, sought to cheat death/gain immortality

the_babylonian_creation_myth

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World History
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Enûma Eliš
Mesopotamian deities
religion
Mesopotamia
Middle Eastern mythology
Tiamat
Marduk
Kingu
Enki
Anu
Anshar
Io

The Babylonian Creation Myth ? ?This poem was written in the 12th century BC, but the myths on which it was based date back to ancient Sumer. The most complete text was found on seven clay tablets. Below is a translation from Tablet IV which tells of the great battle between the sky god Marduk and the earth goddess Tiamat. Tablet IV

Chapter 1 bulliet

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Fertile Crescent
Middle East
Ancient Near East
Civilizations
Western Asia
Near East
Mesopotamia
Neolithic
Hammurabi
8th millennium BC
Sumer

Chapter 1 From the Origins of Agriculture to the first Early River Valley Civilizations Before Civilization Stone Age- 2 million to 4 thousand years ago Stone age is subdivided into the Paleolithic age (old stone age to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) Stone tools are developed in the Paleolithic Age Chauvet CaveOn December 18, 1994, this cave in southern France was discovered by Jean-Marie Chauvet, a French official. It contains the oldest and best preserved prehistoric cave paintings; more than three hundred paintings were found of animals that inhabited the Stone Age world, including panthers, cave bears, and mammoths. This black-painted panel in the Chauvet Cave shows horses, rhinoceroses, and wild oxen. (Jean Clottes/Ministere de la Culture)

Why did the earliest civilizations arise in river valleys?

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World History
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Asia
Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
Civilizations
Tur Abdin
Ancient Near East
Tigris
Silt
water
Euphrates
Valley
Nile
Environment

Why did the earliest civilizations arise in river valleys? Plant domestication set the scene for the emergence of civilization, and if there is one thing plants cannot live without, it is water. Most people in early food producing societies lived in villages near rivers. Mesopotamia, the first civilization, was formed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. There, not much rain fell, so they used water from the rivers to cultivate the crops. Its warm climate called for good soil, and the Nile regularly deposited silt.
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