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Mesopotamia

Chapter 1

Subject: 
World History
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Civilizations
Asia
Fertile Crescent
Archaeology
Ancient Near East
Cultural anthropology
culture
Cradle of civilization
Mesopotamia
Sumer
Prehistory
Harappa

- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

Chapter 2 Summary

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Civilizations
Middle East
Fertile Crescent
Ancient Near East
Geography of Iraq
Western Asia
Mesopotamia
Sumer
Cradle of civilization
3rd millennium BC
Ancient history
chapter 2 summary

Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa CHAPTER SUMMARY Full civilizations emerged first in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, by 3500 B.C.E., and in Egypt by 3000 B.C.E. along the Nile. The two very different civilizations had distinct political and cultural characteristics which influenced both neighboring and distant succeeding generations. Both civilizations encountered difficulties around 1000 B.C.E. as the rivervalley period ended, but by then they produced offshoots in neighboring regions. Setting the Scene: The Middle East by 4000 B.C.E. The first civilizations developed through gradual agricultural consolidation and technical advance. The resulting more complex economy created the need

The Earth and its People CH 1 Identifications

Subject: 
World History
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Civilizations
Asia
Fertile Crescent
Indus Valley Civilization
Hieroglyph
Mesopotamia
Sumer
Ancient history
3rd millennium BC
Babylonia
Harappa
Ancient Egypt

Justin Park Justin Park Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 BCE (IDs and Significance) Before Civilization Civilization: an ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture: Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Culture also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology History: The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices

The Earth and its People CH 1 Summary

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Bronze Age
ancient india
Civilizations
Fertile Crescent
Harappa
Mesopotamia
Mohenjo-daro
Pottery
Irrigation
Technology
Business

Chapter ?1: ?From ?the ?Origins ?of ?Agriculture ?to ?the ?First ?River-??Valley ?Civilizations, ?8000-??1500 ?B.C.E. Chapter ?Summary Mesopotamia ? The ?Mesopotamian ?culture ?started ?with ?the ?Sumerian ?people ? Organized ?into ?city-??states ? Controlled ?the ?surrounding ?Agricultural ?land ? Priest ?originally ?ruled ?these ?lands ?but ?the ?power ?shifted ?over ?to ?a ?king ?that ?ruled ?over ?everything ? Social ?divisions ?based ?off ?of ?Hammurabi?s ?Code ? Public ?strived ?to ?appease ?their ?God?s ? They ?generally ?had ?God?s ?of ?the ?environment ?because ?of ?unpredictable ??loods ?and ?such ? Various ?technologies ?to ?respond ?to ?the ?agricultural ?changes ? EX: ?Cuneiform, ?Irrigation, ?stone ?age ?tools Egypt ? Surrounded ?by ?desert

Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.)

Subject: 
World History
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Civilizations
Asia
Fertile Crescent
Ancient Near East
Bronze Age
ancient india
Harappa
Mesopotamia
Sumer
Ancient history
3rd millennium BC
Neolithic

Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.) 1. Agricultural Revolution: more precise than "Neolithic Revolution" b/c emphasizes central role of food production & signals changeover occurred many times 2. amulets: small charms meant to protect bearer from evil; survival suggests widespread belief in magic (use of special words & rituals to manipulate forces of nature) 3. Babylon: most important city in southern Mesopotamia in 2nd & 1st millennia B.C.E. 4. city-state: self-governing urban center & agricultural territories it controlled 5. civilization: indicated by: -cities that served as administrative centers -political system based on control of defined territory rather than on kinship connections

01b - First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500 - 1500 B.C.E..doc

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Civilizations
Middle East
Bronze Age
Fertile Crescent
Ancient Near East
Western Asia
Indus Valley Civilization
Mesopotamia
Egyptians
Harappa
Land of Punt

SEQ NLI \r 0 \h ?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h Chapter 2 (second part of chapter 1 in textbook) - The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 b.c.e. I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Mesopotamia A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape 1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably.

Unit 2

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Fertile Crescent
Civilizations
Indus Valley Civilization
Mesopotamia
Hurrians
Sumer
Euphrates
Lothal
Harappa
Ancient history
Uruk

Chapter 2 Outline ? I. Snapshot of the city of Uruk ?????? II. Settlement, pastoralism, and trade ???????????? A. Development of cities (3500?BCE) ?????????????????????? 1. Populations moved close to reliable water sources ?????????????????????? 2. Climate change led to longer growing seasons ?????????????????????? 3. Cities scarce and only in select areas ???????????????????????????? a. Needed stable river system ???????????????????????????? b. Fertile soil ???????????????????????????? c. Access to water for irrigation ???????????????????????????? d. Availability of domesticated plants and animals ?????????????????????? 4. Labor specialization led to trade outside cities ???????????????????????????? a. Raw materials traded for finished goods

Chapter 1-3

Subject: 
World History
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Asia
Civilizations
Fertile Crescent
Sociocultural evolution
Ancient Near East
Geography of Iraq
Mesopotamia
neolithic revolution
Trade
Irrigation
Indus River
Environment

Period One: to 600 B.C.E Paleolithic Period: Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas Adapted to different environmental settings Developed various technologies Fire (hunting, protection, warmth) Created economic structures (some trade) Development of Agriculture Mesopotamia - first place Nile River Valley Sub-Saharan Africa Indus River Valley Yellow River or Huang He Valley Neolithic Revolution Warming Climates Agriculture appeared (food reliable and surplus) Pastoralism Changes to Environment (irrigation) Domestication of Animals Population increased Social Complexity/Specialization of Labor Social Classes and Forced Labor System Women were the first farmers Improvements in Agricultural Production, Trade and Transportation Pottery Plows

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