Politics

Sp. Ch 27 782-9 Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II Prelude to the War (1933-1939) I. Only 20 years after the ?war to end all wars,? Europe plunged back into the nightmare of total war. A. The efforts at collective security in the 1920s?the League of Nations, the attempts at disarmament, the pacts and treaties?all proved meaningless in light of the growth of Nazi Germany and its deliberate scrapping of the postwar settlements in the 1930s. B. France and Britain refused to accept the possibility of another war. The Soviet Union, treated as an outcast by the western powers, had turned in on itself, and the US had withdrawn into isolationism. C. Thus the power vacuum in the heart of Europe encouraged a revived and militarized

Sp ch 27 prt 3 797-802 The New Order I. The initial victories of the Germans and the Japanese gave them the opportunity to create new orders in Europe and Asia. A. Although both countries presented positive images of these new orders for publicity purposes, in practice both allowed policies of ruthless domination of their subject peoples. The Nazi Empire I. After the German victories in Europe, Nazi propagandists created glowing images of a new European order based on ?equal chances? for all nations and an integrated economic community. A. This was not Hitler?s conception of a European New Order. He saw the Europe he had conquered simply as subject to German domination. II. The Nazi empire stretched across continental Europe from the English Channel in the

Sp. Ch26 prt 2 758-73 Retreat from Democracy: The Authoritarian and Totalitarian States I. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 proved extremely short-lived. By 1939, only 2 major states (France and Great Britain) and several minor ones (Low Countries, the Scandinavian states, Switzerland, and Czechoslovakia) remained democratic. A. Italy and Germany had succumbed to fascism, while the Soviet Union, under Stalin, had moved toward a repressive totalitarian state. B. A host of other European states, especially in eastern Europe, adopted authoritarian structures of various kinds. II. The dictatorial regimes b/w the wars assumed both old and new forms. A. The totalitarian regimes, whose best examples can be found in Stalinist Russia and

Sp. Ch. 26 750-58 Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939 An Uncertain Peace: The Search for Security I. The peace treaties at the end of WWI had tried to fulfill the 19thc dream of nationalism by redrawing boundaries and creating new states. However, this peace settlement had left nations unhappy. A. Conflicts over disputed border regions poisoned mutual relations in eastern Europe for years, and many Germans viewed the Peace of Versailles as a dictated peace and vowed to seek its revision. II. Woodrow Wilson placed many of his hopes for the future in the League of Nations. A. The League, however was not effective in maintaining the peace. B. The failure of the United States to join the League and the subsequent American