Early Civilizations Notes
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Civilization
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classical civilization ch 4
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Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome
1. Introduction
1. Mediterranean culture
1. Greece slowed Persian empire, set up a few colonies, but…
2. Rome known for empire
3. New institutions/values that would remain in western culture
4. “our own” Classical past
1. U.S. Constitution
2. buildings in the U.S.
3. founders of the philosophical tradition
4. Socratic method
2. Greco-Roman history
1. more dynamic, but less successful
* We can clearly recognize the connections and our own debt without adhering to the notion that the Mediterranean world somehow dominated the classical period.
2. Complicated – passed through two centers
1. Rome preserved many of Greek achievements
3. Rome vs. Greece
1. Mighty empire vs. inept/Greek city-states
Chapter 1
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I. Gilgamesh's story
*'Recruited' the man-beast Ninurta to 'civilization' with the help of a prostitute
*Different cultures, like Sumerians, equate civilization to the ways of their own culture.
*Mesopotamia and Egypt around 3000 B.C.E. Common understanding.
*Civilization marked by settled agricultural life, political, social, economic, and technological advancements. Includes:
(1) cities as administrative centers,
(2) a political system based on defined territory rather than kinship,
(3) many people engaged in specialized, non-food-producing activities,
(4) status distinctions based largely on accumulation of wealth,
(5) monumental building,
(6) a system for keeping permanent records,
(7) long distance trade, and
(8) sophisticated interest in science and art.
Early civilizations in africa
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Early Civilizations in Africa
Land
•Sahara is in northern Africa from the atlantic to the indian ocean and is the greatest desert on earth.
•The western region or the “hump” of africa is dominated by niger river.
•Southern africa is home to some of the worlds richest deposits of minerals
•The savannahs are vast grasslands that border the sahara.
Exploration
•Karl Mauch found the ruins of great zimbabwe
•Kenya is the country where prehistoric predecessors of humans first lived.
Kush
•Initially called Nubia
•May have developed an agricultural kingdom before the egyptians
•Discovered iron at Meroe which led them to become a significant commercial force in central africa.
•Had its own language, government organization, & mercantile success.
Axum (Aksum)
Greece & Egypt
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Ancient civilizations such as Greece and Egypt are known throughout the world. There are many similarities and differences between the two. They had the ability to stay ahead of the their time and succeed. For these reasons both have a very strong influence in our history to date.
AP world history The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
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Chapter 6
The First Global Civilization:
The Rise and Spread of Islam
I. Introduction
A. Before 7th century – contacts, but not total control of ancient world under one empire
1. Arabia – nomadic land on periphery of major civilizations
B. 7th century – followers of Islam “submission” – Muslims – Allah – one God
1. Began conquest and conversion
2. Within decades, Muhammad had empire of Persia, Greece and Egypt
C. Later empire spread
1. Merchants, mystics, warriors
2. Empire expanded
a. Africa, Asia, southern Europe
b. Across steppes to central Asia, western China, south Asia
c. Across ocean trade routes to southeast Asia and eastern Africa
d. Across overland trade routes, Sahara to western Africa
Aztec, Inca, and Mayan Civilizations
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Continuity of Religion from paleolithic to neolithic to rise of civilizations
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We see the continuity of religion throughout the paleolithic period to the rise of civilizations. in the hunting and gathering society, religion played a key role through rituals such as burying the dead and role of Goddesses was prominent. Women and men had equal contributions in society and this was also representative in religion. As one moved foward, polytheism continued. Gods were used to explain phenomenon of nature as well as reinforce civic loyalty. Progression to river civilizations in Mesopotamia ie babylon and Hammurabi's laws outlined some of these rules in society. If the river god Adad flooded your farm you were exempt from your tax burden to the state.
Unit 2 Classical Civilizations Review
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1.?????? Roman Senate- A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisor body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman State and the growing empire. Under senate leadership, Rome conquered an empire of unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. In the first century B.C.E. quarrels among powerful and ambitious senators and failure to address social and economic problems led to civil wars and the emergence of the rule of the emperors. They could veto or add laws. Number of senators corresponded with the number of tribes. Not all senators held equal power.
APWH Chapter One Pg.2-12 Notes
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