Ancient history

After Harappa Harappa fell in 1500 BCE New foundations formed from 1500 to 500 BCE Aryans invaded India Hub for trading Alexander the Great invaded India and brought Hellenistic culture Brahman culture developed Mauryan Dynasty Chandragupta Maurya founded this dynasty (ruled 322-298 BCE) Maintained large armies Autocratic government Ashoka (Chandragupta?s grandson) (ruled 269-232 BCE) was very influential Converted to Buddhism and spread it Bloodthirsty conqueror Kushans invaded and took over after Ashoka (185 BCE-220 CE) Gupta Empire Beginning in 320 CE Not as influential Negotiated with local princes for intermarriage to spread the empire Political stability Uniform law codes Overturned by the Huns in 535 CE Arts & Sciences Literature Epic poems Collections of stories Science

9Africa Kush The Kush were established by 1000 BCE on the Nile The kush conquered Egypt around 750 BCE Monarchy King with divine right Axum Defeated Kush and took over by 300 BCE Strong influence from Arabian peninsula Converted to Christianity Ethiopia Took over the Axum Christian Monarchy Ghana First great state Japan and Northern Europe Japan By 200 CE had extensive agriculture Migrations from Korea populated this area Practiced Shintoism Numerous gods from the natural world Nature spirits 700 CE Northern Europe Teutonic or celtic people Regional kingdoms Germany, England and Scandinavia Slavic people No written language except for basic latin Primitive agriculture Scandinavian sailors The Americas Teotihuacan Central mexico Urban center Temple pyramids Social distinction

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice