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Geography of Asia

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 3

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Chapter 3: First Civilizations ? Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500?500 B.C.E. ?escape from civilization? constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents greater oppression and inequality I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations independent global phenomenon A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500?3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000?1800 B.C.E. Supe River Valley, along the central coast of Peru desert, little rainfall, dozens of rivers monumental architecture, large public ceremonial structures, stone residential buildings & other signs of urban life economy based on an extremely rich fishing industry quipu, may have been an alternative form of writing smaller cities with no defense walls

Early Man And River Valleys

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Early Man and River Valleys Review Characteristics of a Civilizations Advanced cities with large populations Complex/organized institutions (religion & government) New tools/technology Specialized workers Writing development/record keeping Hominids Early human-like creatures Australopithecus Very first hominid Homo Erectus ?Upright human? ? more advanced, used varied tools, first hominid to leave Africa for Europe/Asia Neanderthal Early humans who relied on stone tools and were the first to bury their dead Homo sapien sapien The first anatomically modern humans (wise, wise human being) Replaced Neanderthals Paleolithic Age ?Old Stone Age? early period of human history who made the first stone tools Hunters/Gatherers Nomadic/Followed animals

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

Chapter 2 Stearns MCQ

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8 Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP Edition, 6e (Stearns) Chapter 2 Classical Civilization: China Multiple-Choice Questions 1) One difference between the classical civilizations and the earlier river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations A) most people farmed the land. B) political organizations were more elaborate. C) trade was introduced. D) writing was developed. Answer: B Page Ref: 34 Topic: Introduction Skill: Conceptual 2) One difference between classical China and the earlier Huang he river valley civilization was that A) human sacrifices were suppressed. B) traditions emphasized the harmony of nature.

Chapter 1 Stearns MCQ

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1 Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP Edition, 6e (Stearns) Chapter 1 From Human Prehistory to the Earliest Civilizations Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Hunting and gathering societies A) are not able to produce art. B) organize rather small groups into political units. C) could not survive after Middle Eastern people developed agriculture. D) generally produce a food surplus. Answer: B Page Ref: 2, 15-16 Topic: Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Skill: Conceptual 2) The Paleolithic Age refers to A) the period at which agriculture was developed. B) the period in which simple stone tools were developed.

the earth and its peoples ch 2 key terms 3rd edition

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Chapter 2 Vocabulary Loess-yellow brown dust in the Yellow River that give it its distinctive hue and name. Shang-originated in the part of the Yellow River Valley that lies in the present-day province of Henan. They were dominated by a warrior aristocracy whose greatest pleasures were warfare, hunting, exchanging gifts, feasting, and wine parties. Divination-used to determine the will of the gods. Zhou -a dependent state in the Wei River Valley. The Zhou line of kings was the longest lasting and most revered of all dynasties in Chinese history. The Zhou preserved the essentials of Shang culture and added new elements.

Political Organization in Early China

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Political Organization in Early China A. Early Agricultural Society and the Xia Dynasty 1) The Yellow River a. Water source at high plateau of Tibet b. Loess soil carried by the river’s water, hence “yellow” c. “China’s Sorrow”--extensive flooding d. Loess provided rich soil, soft and easy to work 2) Neolithic societies after 5000 B.C.E. a. Yangshao society, 5000-3000 B.C.E. b. Excavations at Banpo village: fine pottery, bone tools 3) The Xia Dynasty a. Archeological discovery of the Xia is still in its early stages b. Established about 2200 B.C.E. c. Legendary King Yu, the dynasty founder, a hero of flood control

The Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 2 outline ( Early China part only )

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Early China Geo. + Resources -Isolated (Himalaya, Pamir,Tian Mountians + Desert) -Made transportation/trade hard -Different parts of china had different climates (north=cold weather; south=warm weather) -Rice paddies grown with hard labor ; main food production (grown in the south) The Sang Period -Originated from Yellow River (government: warrior aristocracy) -Aristocrats where mostly generals, supervisors, etc. -Noble families where governed provinces -Military campaigns -> slaves captured to serve capital -Shang cities centers of political control and religion -Many shrines, royal tombs, etc. -Form of Writing * Pictograms and phonetic symbols * only the elite would have to time to master the writing

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