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Age of Enlightenment

Some Key terms near the Age of Enlightenment

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Papacy- The central government of Latin Christianity Renaissance- cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century Indulgences- A forgiveness of one?s sins by paying a fee Protestant Reformation- a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church. Martin Luther- a German priest and professor of theology who initiated the Protestant Reformation Catholic Reformation- the church's attempts at reform in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Jesuits- The society of Jesus Royal Centralization- A government based on royalty ruling Holy Roman Empire- A loose federation of Germanic states and principalities. Habsburgs- A powerful family in Austria

the enlightenment

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Chapter 8: The Age of Enlightenment Sunday, November 28, 2010 I. The Philosophes and others A. The spirit of progress and improvement 1. Enlightenment a) Feeling the europeans had at last emerged from a long twilight b) Past was regarded as a time of barbarism and darkness c) Optimistic beliefs in the historical advance of reason, science, education, social reform, tolerance and enlightened government 2. Faith in progress a) Belief: that the conditions of human life become better as time goes on; progress became explicit (1) Quarrel between Ancients and Moderns (a) Ancients: said works of the the Greeks and Romans had never been surpassed (b) Moderns: said that modern people could do better than the ancients because they built upon their predecessors? achievements

The Enlightenment period in the Renaissance

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Although there were many types of movements of great people and their ideas, the main powerful ones were Joseph II, Maria Teresa, Catherine the Great, and Fredrick II. These people greatly ?enlightened? the Enlightened type period. Each person had different contributes, but they all sought to get rid of serfdom. Furthermore, the ideas that were created against them were sought to be destroyed in order to keep power in the ruling classes. Therefore, the ideas these enlightened monarchs truly helped the middle class and didn?t help others at the same time such as the nobilities.

Philosophes of the Enlightenment

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Diderot (1713-1784) Attempts to form first Encyclopedia First attempt to do so by anyone Completed encyclopedia Encyclopedia, or a systematic dictionary of the sciences, arts, and crafts Had over 70,000 articles Montesquieu (1689-1755) French Aristocrat Opposed Absolutism Admired the British Gov. Admired the Middle Ages Saw need for organized religion Government according to climate Closer to Equator, the worse the government gets Separation of Powers Executive, Legislative, Judicial Colonists Take To It Freedom from Tyranny Voltaire (1694-1778) Biting Sarcastic Enduring Wit Most Popular of all Philosophes Easy to Read Willing to be critical of state Thrown in Prison Time in Prison influenced writing Loved Louis XIV for being champion of the Arts Enemy of Intolerance

Unit 2 Terms for American Pageant 12th Edition

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AP U.S. History Unit 2 ? The American Revolution The American Pageant, Chs. 6-8 The following is a list of the important terms (people, ideas, places, events) from Unit 2. In addition to defining these terms, you should understand their significance to the point of being able to use them (both individually and collectively) in essay writing. Issues of the French and Indian War: ? French and Indian War New France Samuel de Champlain Robert de La Salle James Wolfe William Pitt Edward Braddock Pontiac Acadians Albany Congress Proclamation of 1763 ? The Causes of the Revolutionary War: ? John Hancock Sons of Liberty Lord North George Grenville Samuel Adams John Adams Crispus Attucks King George III Marquis de Lafayette Baron von Steuben Mercantilism

The Earth and Its Peoples - Chapter 22

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CHAPTER 22 Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750?1850 I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth-Century Crisis A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises 1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Rivalry among the European powers intensified in the early 1600s as the Dutch attacked Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas and in Asia. In the 1600s and 1700s the British then checked Dutch commercial and colonial ambitions and went on to defeat France in the Seven Years War (1756?1763) and take over French colonial possessions in the Americas and in India.

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