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Animal

AP Bio Midterm Study Guide

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Biology
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Overview: Biology?s Most Exciting Era Biology is the scientific study of life. You are starting your study of biology during its most exciting era. The largest and best-equipped community of scientists in history is beginning to solve problems that once seemed unsolvable. Biology is an ongoing inquiry about the nature of life. Biologists are moving closer to understanding: How a single cell develops into an adult animal or plant. How plants convert solar energy into the chemical energy of food. How the human mind works. How living things interact in biological communities. How the diversity of life evolved from the first microbes. Research breakthroughs in genetics and cell biology are transforming medicine and agriculture.

Chapter 1 Test Outline

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Biology
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Digestive system
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Medicine
Anatomy
Digestion
Anus
Invertebrate
Animal
Stoma
Mouth
Hydra
Organ
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AP BIOLOGY DIGESTION/HOMEOSTASIS 75 Name: Pledge: 1. Distinguish between an incomplete and complete DS. Give an example of an organism for each. (6) Incomplete systems have one ?pouch like? cavity which serves as both the mouth and anus. There is one opening for mouth and anus. Organisms: hydra, flat worm, invertebrates With a complete system the digestive tube has two openings for the mouth and anus. As well, other sites for the different processes of digestion like the stomach and the bowels. Organisms: all other phyla: humans, animals, 2. Why are some proteolytic enzymes produced in an inactive form? (4)

Classification of Animals and other Kingdoms

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Protostome
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Protostomes Coelomates Mouth develops from the blastopore Cleavage is radial and determinate ALL HAVE A TRUE COELOM! Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateral symmetry Coelomates Phylum Mollusca Soft bodied, with hard shell protection Ex: slugs, clams, snails, squids, and octopuses Open circulatory system ? fluid not always contained within vessels but circulates through hemocoel Most have exoskeletons Reduced or no segmentation Radula; rasping tongue to scrape food Many internal organs ? excretion through Three body parts Muscular foot - movement Visceral mass ? contains most of the organs Mantle ? secretes a shell An open circulatory system limits the size of these animals The closed circulatory system is much more efficient! Four classes of Phylum Mollusca
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