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Telomere

AP Bio_dna_replication

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DNA Replication: A Closer Look * The copying of DNA is remarkable in its speed and accuracy * More than a dozen enzymes and other proteins participate in DNA replication Getting Started * Replication begins at particular sites called origins of replication, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication ?bubble? * A eukaryotic chromosome may have hundreds or even thousands of origins of replication * Replication proceeds in both directions from each origin, until the entire molecule is copied * At the end of each replication bubble is a replication fork, a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating * Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks * Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA

chromosomes and human heredity

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2/21/13 2:31 PM Scientists don?t just study genes, they also study whole chromosomes by using images of chromosomes stained during metaphase Karyotype- pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph Telomeres Telomeres- chromosome s end in protective caps, these caps consist of DNA associated with protiens The telomere also might be involved with aging and caner Nondisjunction Cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly, this can take place during meiosis I or meiosis II One form two kinds of gametes result One has an extra one and one is missing one Organisms with an extra chromosome can survive but those lacking one usually do not Monosomy- lacking a chromosome in humans don?t usually survive
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