AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Chromosomes

AP Bio_chromosomal_structure_and_dieases

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Genetics
Biology
Cytogenetics
Chromosomes
Chromosomal abnormalities
Molecular genetics
Genomic imprinting
Aneuploidy
Chromosome
Ploidy
Polyploidy
Chromosomal translocation

Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders * Large-scale chromosomal alterations in humans and other mammals often lead to spontaneous abortions (miscarriages) or cause a variety of developmental disorders * Plants tolerate such genetic changes better than animals do Abnormal Chromosome Number * In nondisjunction, pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis * As a result, one gamete receives 2 of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy * Aneuploidy results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred * Offspring with this condition have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome * A monosomic zygote has only 1 copy of a particular chromosome

AP Bio_chromosomal_basis_of_inheritance

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Biology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Classical genetics
Molecular genetics
Cytogenetics
Genetic linkage
Sex chromosome
Homologous chromosome
Mendelian inheritance
Genetic recombination
Sex linkage

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Locating Genes Along Chromosomes ( 15.1) * Mendel?s ?hereditary factors? were purely abstract when first proposed * Today, we can show that the factors?genes?are located on chromosomes * The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene * Cytologists worked out the process of mitosis in 1875 and meiosis in the 1890s using improved techniques of microscopy * Biologists began to see parallels between the behavior of Mendel?s proposed hereditary factors and chromosomes * Around 1902, Sutton and Boveri and others independently noted these parallels and began to develop the chromosome theory of inheritance 15.2

Ch 13 Study Guide

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Biology
Cell biology
Genetics
Molecular genetics
Cell cycle
Chromosomes
Cellular processes
Cytogenetics
Meiosis
Homologous chromosome
Chromatid
Cell division

Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name__________________________Period___________ Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 1. Let?s begin with a review of several terms that you may already know. Define: gene: A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) locus: A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located gamete: A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. male gamete: Sperm female gamete: Eggs

Biology: Mitosis vs Meiosis

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Biology
Genetics
Cell biology
Chromosomes
Cytogenetics
Cell cycle
Classical genetics
Cellular processes
Meiosis
Ploidy
Homologous chromosome
Chromosome

Meiosis v. Mitosis Ploidy Non disjunction Definitions Mitosis - the way normal body cells divide, reproduce, and grow...and meisosis extends it one step further. In meiosis the cell grows larger. THey both divide into 2 seperate cells but in meiosis, the steps continue - the resulting cells divide further into meiosis. WHen cells undergo meiosis, the result is the creation of gametes, sex-cells. It involves one replication of chromosones and 2 successive cell divisions. Mitosis - starts our all diploid and then it splits into Haploid. Non disjunction - chromosomes fail to separate correctly.

chromosomes and human heredity

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Biology
Genetics
Cytogenetics
Chromosomes
Molecular genetics
Cell cycle
Meiosis
Nondisjunction
Karyotype
Telomere
Metaphase
Homologous chromosome
Technology

2/21/13 2:31 PM Scientists don?t just study genes, they also study whole chromosomes by using images of chromosomes stained during metaphase Karyotype- pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph Telomeres Telomeres- chromosome s end in protective caps, these caps consist of DNA associated with protiens The telomere also might be involved with aging and caner Nondisjunction Cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly, this can take place during meiosis I or meiosis II One form two kinds of gametes result One has an extra one and one is missing one Organisms with an extra chromosome can survive but those lacking one usually do not Monosomy- lacking a chromosome in humans don?t usually survive

Biology Genetic Concepts

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
SocialTags: 
Biology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Biotechnology
Senescence
Cytogenetics
Polytene chromosome
DNA
Chromosome
DNA repair
Chromosome instability
Tags: 
Genetics Gene Glossary

Holandric ? Genes found on the Y- Chromosome Teratogens ? agents of nature that cause abnormalities in the foetus Polytene chromosomes ? chromosomes that successively replicate without any cell division making ?chunk?. Oncogene ? gene that under high temperature and mutation turn a normal cell in to a cancer cell, such as a tumor cell. Histones ? a protein that shortens the long DNA molecule so that all the DNA molecules can fit inside the nucleus. Totipotency- the ability of a cell to reactivate all the genes in a genome. Chromosomal puffs ? indicate a region where DNA replication is taking place. Supercoiling ? is the coiling of DNA. It reduces the space and allows for a lot more DNA to be packaged.
Subscribe to RSS - Chromosomes

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!