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Evolutionary biology

Rawle Phylogeny II

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This week?s Bio seminar Friday, Jan. 23, at 12:00 in DV2082 Sapna Sharma, York University A landscape perspective: The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems 1 Lecture 5: Phylogeny II Avoid common mistakes Define homologous and analogous characters Distinguish derived and ancestral characters 2 How did you make your decision? Who is more closely related to salamanders? A. Lungfish B. Humans 3 Trees are hypotheses 4 Jetz et al. 2012. Nature 491: 444-448 But how do we construct trees? 5 Similar species are likely related Taxa that are more similar are likely more closely related than less similar species Morphology DNA sequence Behaviour ? 6 Similarity due to shared ancestry produces homology 7

Rawle Evolution

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Lecture 2: Evolution recap Testing explanations for the diversity of life Descent with modification is testable and explains diversity Natural selection is the mechanism driving evolution 1 Diane FosseyBirute GaldakisJane Goodall Science strives to be objective 2 Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1892) Erasmus Darwin (1731?1802) The idea of change over time was not new 3 wikipedia.com Lamarck hypothesized about the mechanism causing diversity Use and disuse Inheritance of acquired characters Innate drive towards complexity 4 What do we require of hypotheses? 5 Descent with modification is testable 6 Natural selection is testable 7 The Grants studied ground finches for decades 8

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