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Homology

Rawle Phylogeny II

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Biology
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Phylogenetics
Evolutionary biology
Synapomorphy
Biology
Common descent
Symplesiomorphy
Species
Homology
cladogram
Cladistics

This week?s Bio seminar Friday, Jan. 23, at 12:00 in DV2082 Sapna Sharma, York University A landscape perspective: The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems 1 Lecture 5: Phylogeny II Avoid common mistakes Define homologous and analogous characters Distinguish derived and ancestral characters 2 How did you make your decision? Who is more closely related to salamanders? A. Lungfish B. Humans 3 Trees are hypotheses 4 Jetz et al. 2012. Nature 491: 444-448 But how do we construct trees? 5 Similar species are likely related Taxa that are more similar are likely more closely related than less similar species Morphology DNA sequence Behaviour ? 6 Similarity due to shared ancestry produces homology 7

Summary of Chapter 26

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Biology
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Biology
Phylogenetics
Genetics
Evolutionary biology
Molecular evolution
DNA
Homology
Molecular phylogenetics
evolution
Nucleic acid sequence
Phylogenetic tree
Species

Chapter 26 ? Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life Process of evolution ? the evolutionary mechanisms (from Unit 4) Pattern of Evolution ? observations of evolution?s products over time. (focus of this chapter) Phylogeny ? The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Systematics - A discipline focues on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Systematics uses data from fossils to molecules and genes to infer evolutionary relationships. (figure 26.2) 26.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships Taxonomy ? the scientific discipline of how organisms are named and classified. A. Binomial Nomeclature (Instituted by Linnaeus) Binomial: The two part format of the scientific name

Biology Study Guide

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Philosophy of biology
Phylogenetics
Evolutionary biology
DNA
Molecular evolution
Nucleic acid sequence
evolution
Homology
Mitochondrial DNA
Gene

Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics Chapter Questions 1) Which combination of the following species characteristics would cause the greatest likelihood of fossilization in sedimentary rock? I. The species was abundant. II. The species was widespread. III. The species had hard body parts. IV. The species was adapted to desert life. V. The species had a long duration in geologic time. A) III only B) III and IV C) I, II, and III D) I, II, and V E) I, II, III, and V Answer: E Topic: Concept 25.1 Skill: Comprehension 2) The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitats, however they are not very closely related. This is an example of A) divergent evolution. B) convergent evolution. C) exaptation. D) adaptive radiation.

Evidence of Evolution

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Biology
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Evolution
Biology
Baker's yeast
Religion
Technology
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Evolutionary biology
Biology
Philosophy of biology
Vestigiality
Evidence of common descent
Homology
evolution
Convergent evolution
Animal
Bird flight
Introduction to evolution
Natural selection
Environment
ib evidence for evolution introduction

IB Biology Evolution We are all related, one big family in the ?tree of life? We are not just a HUMAN FAMILY ? we are a LIVING family Evolution Do you mean the yeast are OUR distant cousins? Some thoughtful questions? What happened when scientist Paul Nurse added human DNA to the yeast cells? What does this indicate about the evolutionary history of yeast and humans? An interactive website for you to go to Standard 5.4.1 Define Evolution The cumulative change of heritable characteristics of a population Cumulative change ? small changes upon small changes that add up to large changes over long time scales and many generations! Heritable characteristics ? traits controlled by the genes Population ? not an individual 5.4.2

Campbell Biology 9th Ch. 26 Powerpoint

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Scientific classification
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Evolutionary biology
Phylogenetics
Systematics
Biology
Lizard
Evolution
Tree of life
Education
Tags: 
Phylogenetics
Science
Biology
taxonomy
Cladistics
Systematics
Paraphyly
Homology
Monophyly
Molecular phylogenetics
Linnaean taxonomy
Clade
education
Campbell Biology

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter 26 Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life Legless lizards have evolved independently in several different groups ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 26.1 Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species The discipline of systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships Systematists use fossil, molecular, and genetic data to infer evolutionary relationships ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept 26.1: Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships Taxonomy is the ordered division and naming of organisms ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Binomial Nomenclature In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances
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