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Phylogenetic tree

phylogeny

Subject: 
Biology
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Phylogenetics
Molecular clock
Systematics
Biology
Cladistics
Phylogenetic tree
Species
evolution
taxonomy
Taxon
Outline of evolution

Chapter 20 PHYLOGENY Introduction to Phylogeny Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species Discipline of systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships Taxonomy is the ordered division and naming of organisms Cladistics Cladistics classifies organisms by common descent A clade is a group of species that includes an ancestor and all its descendents Using Derived Characters Characters can be used to infer evolutionary relationships. Molecular Clocks Molecular clocks use mutation data in related genes from different species Number of nucleotide changes is assumed to be proportional to the time since last common ancestry ie. Few changes = little time passed; many changes = lots of time passed

Rawle Phylogeny III

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Biology
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Phylogenetics
Synapomorphy
Phylogenetic tree

This week?s Bio seminar Friday, Jan. 23, at 12:00 in DV2082 Sapna Sharma, York University A landscape perspective: The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems 1 Lecture 6: Phylogeny III Differentiating ancestral and derived character states Constructing character tables Drawing phylogenetic trees One more misconception 2 Do you support or oppose the following government policies? 3 http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/01/17/over-80-percent-of-americans-support-mandatory-labels-on-foods-containing-dna/ It?s all relative Are feathers a derived or an ancestral character when you compare? songbirds with ducks birds with reptilian ancestors A. Derived B. Ancestral 4 These terms are relative We want to determine the

Rawle Phylogeny I

Subject: 
Biology
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Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic tree
Prokaryote
Protist
Biology

This week?s Bio seminar DV2082, 12:00 Altaf Arain, McMaster University Global warming implications for forest ecosystems in North America.? 1 Next week in BIO153 Lecture 5: Phylogeny II Lecture 6: Phylogeny III Tutorial 3: Searching databases Readings: Ch 26 Lab 2: Prokaryotes and protists 2 Lecture 4: Phylogeny I Why trees? Why trees imply evolution Identify the parts of a tree Reading a tree correctly 3 We have an effective nomenclature 4 Trees are an effective way to think about descent from common ancestry 5 Lamarck Darwin ht tp s: // pa tri ce ay m e. file s. w or dp re ss .c om /2 01 4/ 11 /la m ar ck _t re e. jp g Think of a family tree 6 Trees can reflect taxonomy 7 We can identify parts of the tree 8

Summary of Chapter 26

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Phylogenetics
Genetics
Evolutionary biology
Molecular evolution
DNA
Homology
Molecular phylogenetics
evolution
Nucleic acid sequence
Phylogenetic tree
Species

Chapter 26 ? Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life Process of evolution ? the evolutionary mechanisms (from Unit 4) Pattern of Evolution ? observations of evolution?s products over time. (focus of this chapter) Phylogeny ? The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Systematics - A discipline focues on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Systematics uses data from fossils to molecules and genes to infer evolutionary relationships. (figure 26.2) 26.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships Taxonomy ? the scientific discipline of how organisms are named and classified. A. Binomial Nomeclature (Instituted by Linnaeus) Binomial: The two part format of the scientific name

Ap Biology Ch 25

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Biology
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Phylogenetics
Biology
Science
Genetics
Maximum parsimony
Cladistics
Phylogenetic tree
Systematics
Clade
Molecular evolution
Molecular phylogenetics
cladogram
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life This chapter describes how biologists trace phylogeny The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species Biologists draw on the fossil record Which provides information about ancient organisms Figure 25.1 Biologists also use systematics As an analytical approach to understanding the diversity and relationships of organisms, both present-day and extinct Currently, systematists use Morphological, biochemical, and molecular comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships Figure 25.2 Concept 25.1: Phylogenies are based on common ancestries inferred from fossil, morphological, and molecular evidence The Fossil Record Sedimentary rocks Are the richest source of fossils
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