Human development

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? One possible explanation of heredity is a ?blending? hypothesis The idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green An alternative to the blending model is the ?particulate? hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes Gregor Mendel Documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas Figure 14.1 Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? A) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. For the following questions, match the membrane model or description with the scientist(s) who proposed the model. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. H. Davson and J. Danielli B. I. Langmuir C. C. Overton D. S. Singer and G. Nicolson E. E. Gorter and F. Grendel 1) Membranes are made of lipids because substances that dissolve in lipids enter cells more rapidly than lipid-insoluble substances. 2) Made artificial membranes by adding phospholipids dissolved in benzene to water. 3) The first to propose that cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Metabolism is best described as A) breakdown of macromolecules. B) control of enzyme activity. C) synthesis of macromolecules. D) A and B. E) A, B, and C. 2) Which term most precisely describes the general process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) anabolism B) catabolism C) catalysis D) dehydration E) metabolism 3) Which of the following is true regarding catabolic pathways? A) They do not depend on enzymes. B) They lead to the synthesis of catabolic compounds. C) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers. D) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. E) Both A and B are correct.