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America's History 8th edition Chapter 3 Outline

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AP United States History Chapter 3 Outline Lancaster Conference Conference between Iroquois and the Colonists Colonists asked for help from the Native Americans Land agreement Natives now poor, had to give land for merchandise Britain going to war with France Colonists asked for the help of the Iroquois to fight the French Lancaster Conference proved how the British Colonies, like those of France and Spain relied ever more heavily on alliances with Native Americans as they sought to extend their power in North America. Natives created tribes that allowed them to regroup in the face of population decline Colonies to the Empire Before 1660- England governed New England and Chesapeake colonies haphazardly Societies functioned as they wished Later on, British rule became more strict

chapter 8 notes

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Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Overview: The Energy of Life The living cell Is a miniature factory where thousands of reactions occur Converts energy in many ways Some organisms Convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence Figure 8.1 Concept 8.1: An organism?s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics Metabolism Is the totality of an organism?s chemical reactions Arises from interactions between molecules Organization of the Chemistry of Life into Metabolic Pathways A metabolic pathway has many steps That begin with a specific molecule and end with a product That are each catalyzed by a specific enzyme Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 A B C D Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Starting molecule Product Catabolic pathways

chapter 10 note

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Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis Is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Plants and other autotrophs Are the producers of the biosphere Plants are photoautotrophs They use the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide Figure 10.1 Photosynthesis Occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes These organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and (in most cases) water. They feed not only themselves, but the entire living world. (a) On land, plants are the predominant producers of food. In aquatic environments, photosynthetic organisms include (b) multicellular algae, such

chapter 14 notes

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? One possible explanation of heredity is a ?blending? hypothesis The idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green An alternative to the blending model is the ?particulate? hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes Gregor Mendel Documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas Figure 14.1 Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity

chapter 12 note

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Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis The Key Roles of Cell Division Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair Unicellular organisms (ex. Amoeba) will divide to reproduce entire organisms Cell division also will allows a multicellular organism to develop from a single cell The Key Roles of Cell Division DNA is passed from one generation of cells to the next without dilution. -cell duplicates it DNA - moves the 2 copies to opposite ends of the cell - and then splits into 2 daughter cells The Key Roles of Cell Division Concept 12.1 Cell Division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells A cell?s genetic material is called its genome - prokaryote = single long DNA strand - eukaryote = number of DNA molecules Concept 12.1

chapter 10 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? A) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.

chapter 9 question

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements concerning the breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water is (are) true? A) Adding electrons to another substance is known as reduction. B) The breakdown of glucose is exergonic. C) An electron acceptor is called the reducing agent. D) A and B only are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 2) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in A) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. C) glycolysis. D) the citric acid cycle. E) the phosphorylation of ADP. 3) All of the following statements about NAD+ are true except:

chapter 8 question

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. For the following questions, match the membrane model or description with the scientist(s) who proposed the model. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. H. Davson and J. Danielli B. I. Langmuir C. C. Overton D. S. Singer and G. Nicolson E. E. Gorter and F. Grendel 1) Membranes are made of lipids because substances that dissolve in lipids enter cells more rapidly than lipid-insoluble substances. 2) Made artificial membranes by adding phospholipids dissolved in benzene to water. 3) The first to propose that cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers.

chapter 7 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What limits the resolving power of a light microscope? A) the type of heavy metal or dye that is used to stain the specimen B) the ratio of an object's image to its real size C) the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen D) the type of lens used to magnify the object under study E) the type of lens that focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen 2) When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use A) a scanning electron microscope. B) a light microscope. C) a transmission electronic microscope. D) both A and C. E) A, B, and C.

Chapter 6 question

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Metabolism is best described as A) breakdown of macromolecules. B) control of enzyme activity. C) synthesis of macromolecules. D) A and B. E) A, B, and C. 2) Which term most precisely describes the general process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) anabolism B) catabolism C) catalysis D) dehydration E) metabolism 3) Which of the following is true regarding catabolic pathways? A) They do not depend on enzymes. B) They lead to the synthesis of catabolic compounds. C) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers. D) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. E) Both A and B are correct.

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