Psychoanalysis

Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia Russia's great land empire was formed between 1450 and 1750. Unlike Western colonial empires, Russia's expansion involved only limited commercial exchange. Nevertheless, it fundamentally altered power balances from Europe to Asia. Russian leaders, casting off Tatar (Mongol) domination between 1450 and 1480, proceeded on a fairly steady course of expansion. Much of the new territory was Asian, but Russia also gained the leading role in eastern Europe by the 17th century. Regional kingdoms remained in eastern Europe, and many of them differed from Russia in important ways. Poland and Lithuania continued to rival Russia into the 17th century. But Russia was increasingly the focal point as it became a significant force in world history.

Rise of Feudalism Early Middle Ages Main Idea Feudalism rose up in Europe as a way for people to protect themselves from Vikings, Muslim invaders, and other barbarian invaders. Words Worth Knowing Feudalism - the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. Lord ? Landowner, usually a king or high official Vassal - Someone given land by the lord in exchange for military service and taxes Knight - a highly-trained mounted warrior who fights for a vassal

The Byzantine Empire and Justinian Code 500 ? 1453 c.e. Main Ideas: Roman culture continued in the Byzantine Empire for a thousand years after the fall of Rome. They considered themselves Roman Emperor Justinian regained a lot of the old Roman Empire and helped to preserve Roman Law He also helped to restore Constantinople Words you need to know Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire that lasted 1,000 years after the Western Roman Empire fell (named after the original city of Byzantium Justinian I Emperor of Byzantine Empire and reconquered the old Roman Empire Justinian Code

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The Gun Power Empire Words to Know Anarchy - A state of society without government or law. Grand Vizier - The Ottoman Sultan's chief minister, who led the meetings of the imperial council. Gunpowder Empire - an empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered through their mastery of firearms Gunpowder Revolution - the military advances that resulted from the development of gunpowder weaponry Harem - "sacred place" the private domain of an Ottoman Sultan, where he and his wives resided Janissary - Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.