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Psychoanalysis

cj 435 the looming tower ch 9

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 9 THE SILICON VALLEY The Blind Sheikh His followers, living in a neighborhood known as Little Egypt in Jersey City, conspired to bring the World Trade Center towers down. He issued a fatwa in America that permitted his followers to rob banks and kill Jews. He called on Muslims to assail the West, ?cut the transportation of their countries, tear it apart, destroy their economy, burn their companies, eliminate their interests, sink their ships, shoot down their planes, kill them on the sea, air, or land.? bin Laden was financially backing his efforts. Ramzi Yousef Bombed the WTC in 1993 He was the first Islamist terrorist to attack the American homeland

cj 435 the looming tower ch 8

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 8 PARADISE Hasan al-Turabi Staged a military coup d?etat against the civilian, democratic gov?t of Sudan in 1989. He attributed the failures of the Arab world to the fact that its gov?ts were insufficiently Islamic and too dependent on the West. He envisioned the creation of an international Muslim community, the ummah, headquartered in Sudan, which would then spill into other countries, carrying out the Islamist revolution in and ever-widening circle. Sudan and bin Laden The government of Sudan was eager to have bin Laden live and work in their country. They sent him a letter of invitation, followed by having several members of the Sudanese intelligence service meet with him.

cj 435 the looming tower ch 7

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 7 RETURN OF THE HERO The Muttawa Government subsidized religious vigilantes Their goal was to stamp out sinfulness and heresy They were officially known as ?representatives of the Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice? They became the models for the Taliban in Afghanistan The Hero bin Laden assumed the role of the hero who could voice a longing for change and provide a focus for the rage of the young people. He offered a conventional, Muslim Brothers critique of the plight of the Arab World: The West, particularly the U.S. was responsible for the humiliating failure of the Arabs to succeed. After describing the American/Vietnam conflict he stated: ?They won?t stop until we do jihad against them.?

cj 435 the looming tower ch 2

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL- QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CHAPTER 2 Ayman al- Zawahiri Goal in life: to put Qutb?s vision into action At age 15, he formed an underground cell devoted to overthrowing the government and establishing an Islamist state. 1967 war with Israel Israel captured all of the Sinai, Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Golan Heights It crushed the forces of the frontline Arab states This was a psychological turning point in the history of the modern Middle East War continued? Muslims not only lost their armies and their territories, but also their faith in their leaders, their countries, and in themselves. They began to say that God had turned against the Muslims The only way back to Him was to return to the pure religion: Islam is the solution Zawahiri?s goals

cj 435 the looming tower ch 1

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 PROLOGUE - CHAPTER 1 1990?s Dan Coleman- FBI Middle Eastern Terrorism Squad FBI- regarded terrorism as a nuisance, not a real threat 1993- FBI first heard of a ?Saudi Prince? who was supporting a cell of radical Islamists who were planning to blow up NY landmarks 1990?s 1996- Dan Coleman uses CIA?s 35 volumes of information to open an intelligence case on the ?Islamist Financier,? bin Laden, ?in case he turned out to be something more than that? bin Laden August 1996- declares war on America (from a cave in Afghanistan) Reason: the continued presence of U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia five years after the first Gulf War bin Laden

cj 435 differences between sunni and shia muslims

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Differences Between Sunni and Shia Muslims CJ 435 Both Sunni and Shia Muslims share the most fundamental Islamic beliefs and articles of faith. The differences between these two main sub-groups within Islam initially stemmed not from spiritual differences, but political ones. Over the centuries, however, these political differences have spawned a number of varying practices and positions which have come to carry a spiritual significance. Where does it begin? The division between Shia and Sunni dates back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and the question of who was to take over the leadership of the Muslim nation. Sunni Muslims agree with the position taken by many of the Prophet's companions, that the new leader should be elected from among those capable of the job.

cj 435

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THE LOOMING TOWERAL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 10 PARADISE LOST Training for terrorism Young men from all over came to Khartoum to train for al-Qaeda. Their motivations varied, but they had in common a belief that Islam (pure and primitive, unmitigated by modernity and uncompromised by politics) would cure the wounds that socialism or Arab nationalism had failed to heal. bin Laden?s main task was to direct them toward a common enemy. ?America the weak? bin Laden told the al-Qaeda recruits that though America appeared so mighty, it was actually weak and cowardly. For all its wealth and resources, America lacks conviction. Tall tales Al-Qaeda was not actually responsible for many of the feats that bin Laden gave them credit for.

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AP Human Geography Unit 1 Test Version: B 1. The name that is given to a portion of the earth?s surface is known as a: a. site b. situation c. benchmark d. location e. toponym 2. Situation identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other places d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 3. Site identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other objects d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 4. A ship?s position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude. We can conclude from this information that the ship is located a. on the prime meridian

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AP Human Geography Unit 1 Test Version: B 1. The name that is given to a portion of the earth?s surface is known as a: a. site b. situation c. benchmark d. location e. toponym 2. Situation identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other places d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 3. Site identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other objects d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 4. A ship?s position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude. We can conclude from this information that the ship is located a. on the prime meridian

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AP Human Geography Unit 1 Test Version: B 1. The name that is given to a portion of the earth?s surface is known as a: a. site b. situation c. benchmark d. location e. toponym 2. Situation identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other places d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 3. Site identifies a place by its a. name and human characteristics b. nominal location c. location relative to other objects d. unique physical characteristics e. mathematical location on the earth?s surface 4. A ship?s position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude. We can conclude from this information that the ship is located a. on the prime meridian

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