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Aqueous solution

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 4 Notes

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Equilibrium chemistry
Solutions
Chemical reactions
Chemical properties
Acids
Acid–base reaction
Aqueous solution
Strong electrolyte
Titration
Electrolyte
Chemical equation
solubility

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 4 Notes - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent A. Structure of water 1. Oxygen's electronegativity is high (3.5) and hydrogen's is low (2.1) 2. Water is a bent molecule 3. Water is a polar molecule B. Hydration of Ionic Solute Molecules 1. Positive ions attracted to the oxygen end of water 2. Negative ions attracted to the hydrogen end of water C. Hydration of Polar Solute Molecules 1. Negative end of polar solute molecules are attracted to water's hydrogen 2. Positive end of polar solute molecules are attracted to water's oxygen D. "Like Dissolves Like" 1. Polar and ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents like water 2. Nonpolar compounds like fats dissolve in nonpolar solvents like ____ ?_____

Chemical Reactions - Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical properties
Solutions
Chemical reactions
Chemical equation
equations
Stoichiometry
Salt metathesis reaction
Aqueous solution
Precipitation
Chemistry
Catalysis
solubility

REACTANTS ?PRODUCTS 1.? Starting substances (reactants) becomes new substances (products). 2. Bonds are broken and new bonds are formed, but atoms are not created or destroyed (just rearranged). Law of Conservation of Mass PRODUCTS REACTANTS SENTENCE EQUATION Iron reacts with oxygen to produce rust WORD EQUATION Iron + oxygen ? iron (III) oxide SKELETON EQUATION Fe + O2 ?Fe2O3 These DO NOT indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products. BALANCED EQUATION most correct equation includes the physical states of each substance uses coefficients 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g)?2 Fe2O3(s) Learn chart of symbols on page 206 in text. Skeleton equation Word equation Sentence equation Balanced equation Skeleton equation Word equation Sentence equation

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 3

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Chemistry
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Chemical properties
Solutions
Equilibrium chemistry
Physical chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Stoichiometry
Dissociation
Aqueous solution
Chemical equation
Mole
solubility
Molar concentration

Chapter 3: Molecules and Chem Equations Section 3.2: Chemical Formulas and Equations Monday, September 8, 2014 2:44 PM Chemical Equations: symbolic representation of a chemical reaction Left side: reactants (original materials) Right side: products (compounds formed from reaction) ? Notation: Reaction w/ heat is indicated by delta Reaction w/ light energy is indicated by hv (called a photochemical reaction) ? Hints: Balance elements that occur in only one compound on each side first Balance free elements last Balance polyatomic ions as groups ? Balancing Chemical Equations Remember LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER Stoichiometry: study of relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction (numbers in chem equations are stoichiometric coefficients) ?

Reactivity of Nuclear Muons

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Chemistry
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Chemical reactions
Oxoanions
Oxidizing agents
Equilibrium chemistry
Reducing agents
redox
Chemical equation
Chemistry
Salt metathesis reaction
Carbonate
Sulfuric acid
Aqueous solution

preAP Chem 2013-2014 1 Name ________________________________ Note: It is very important that you note that some elements do not occur as single atoms when by themselves. If they are not combined with another element, they will bond with themselves, forming a _________________ molecule. In any chemical reaction, when you see these elements alone, they must be shown with a diatomic formula. Diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 I. Describing Chemical Change A. Writing Equations ? words can be used to describe _____________________________, but that can become long and ______________________. ? chemists use ___________________________ to describe reactions. In chemical equations,

Chapter 3 Outline

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Biology
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Chemistry
intermolecular forces
Solutions
Chemical properties
Inorganic solvents
Chemical bonding
Properties of water
water
Hydrophile
Aqueous solution
Hydrogen bond
Chemical polarity

Chapter 3 Biology Outline- ?Water and the Fitness of the Environment? The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding Water is more extraordinary than people thing because water is everywhere. The unequal ?v? shape of a water molecule makes it a ?polar molecule?. Polar molecules have a positive charge on one side of the molecule and a negative charge on the other side. The polar molecules are attracted to each other (they are like magnets) and that is why water always forms droplets and stays together. Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth?s fitness for life Cohesion Water molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonding. Cohesion contributes to the transportation of water and dissolved nutrients going against gravity in plants.
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