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AP World History - Chinese Dynasties Flashcards

15666170454	Shang Dynasty	The development of written Chinese. 1750-1027 BCE	0
15666170455	Zhou Dynasty	Mandate of Heaven adopted legalism Strong elite ruling class 1027-221 BCE	1
15666170464	Warring States Period	Developed Confucianism Wanted to create laws to make a functioning society Based on five main relationships, the main relationship being between father and son	2
15666170456	Qin Dynasty	Ended the Warring States Period. Centralized Bureaucracy. Legalist fast ripening rice? 221-206 BCE	3
15666170457	Han Dynasty	Centralized Bureaucracy Built roads and canals. Confucianism Civil Service Exam Foreign Expansion Tributary System Silk Road expansion Invention of paper 206-220 CE	4
15666170458	Sui Dynasty	After fall of Han, they reunited China Buddhism and Confucian Civil Service Exam Construction of the Grand Canal Legalist 589-618 BCE	5
15666170459	Tang Dynasty	Expanded to Tibet and Korea Buddhism (until anti-Buddhist movement), Daoism, and Confucianism Civil Service Exam Declined as higher taxation created tensions Invention of gunpowder Paper money 618-755 CE	6
15666170460	Song Dynasty	Reestablished centralized rule. Reestablished the Tribute System. Most powerful navy in the world- magnetic compasses. Foot-binding Military threats and nomadic invasions led to fall. 960-1279 CE	7
15675675898	kowtow	a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission	8
15675683402	Fuijwara family	powerful extended family group which dominated all areas of Japanese government during the Heian Period (794-1185)	9
15675701226	The Grand Canal stretched from where?	Bejing to Hangzhou	10
15677009544	What order are the dynasties	Shang, Zhou, Quin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song	11

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AP US History Chapter 11 Flashcards

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10916706341	Revolution of 1800	Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system.	0
10916706342	Judiciary Act of 1801	Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships ensuring a Federal hold on the judiciary.	1
10916706343	Midnight judges	(1801) Federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency. Their positions were revoked when the newly elected Republican Congress repealed their Judiciary Act.	2
10916706344	Marbury v. Madison	(1803) Supreme Court case that established the principle of "judicial review"—the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.	3
10916706345	Tripolitan War	(1801-1805) Four-year conflict between the American Navy and the North-African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediterranean. Jefferson, a staunch noninterventionist, reluctantly deployed American forces, eventually securing a peace treaty with Tripoli.	4
10916706346	Haitian Revolution	(1797-1804) War incited by a slave uprising in French-controlled Saint Domingue, resulting in the creation of the first independent black republic in the America	5
10916706347	Louisiana Purchase	(1803) Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the United States, opening vast tracts for settlement.	6
10916706348	Corps of Discovery	(1804-1806) Team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West's flora, fauna and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west.	7
10916706349	Orders in Council	(1806-1807) Edicts issued by the British Crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping. The French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.	8
10916706350	Impressment	Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France, 1793-1815. It was a continual source of conflict between Britain and the United States in the early national period.	9
10916706351	Chesapeake affair	(1807) Conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.	10
10916706352	Embargo Act	(1807) Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port. The embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting its European targets, and was therefore repealed in 1809.	11
10916706353	Non-Intercourse Act	(1809) Passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France. The Act continued Jefferson's policy of economic coercion, still with little effect.	12
10916706354	Macon's Bill No. 2	Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the United States would reinstate the embargo against the non-repealing nation. When Napoleon offered to lift his restrictions on British ports, the United States was forced to declare an embargo on Britain, thereby pushing the two nations closer toward war.	13
10916706355	War hawks	(1811-1812) Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely drawn from the South and West, they resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier.	14
10916706356	Battle of Tippecanoe	(1811) Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, "the Prophet" at the hands William Henry Harrison in the Indiana wilderness. After the battle, the Prophet's brother, Tecumseh, forged an alliance with the British against the United States.	15
10916706357	Thomas Jefferson	A Republican who believed that the future of the U.S. would lie in the hands of farmers. He was inaugurated to the presidency in the swampy village of Washington on March 4, 1801. While he was president, the Louisiana Purchase was made, Lewis and Clark were sent to explore the newly acquired land, the Barbary Pirate threat was silenced, and the Embargo Act was passed. While all of his presidential acts were not always successful, he always put the country ahead of himself. His patriotism and loyalty to the U.S.	16
10916706358	Sally Hemings	An enslaved woman of mixed race owned by President Thomas Jefferson and who is believed to have had a long-term relationship and six children with him, of whom four survived and all were given freedom by Jefferson.	17
10916706359	Albert Gallatin	The secretary of the treasury under Thomas Jefferson. He was called the "Watchdog of the Treasury," and proved to be as able as Alexander Hamilton. He agreed with Jefferson that a national debt was a bane rather than a blessing. Using strict controls of the economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and he balanced the budget.	18
10916706360	John Marshall	Appointed by John Adams (1801) as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court- was a Virginia Federalist. Even as the Federalists died out, he continued to hand down Federalist decisions. Although he dismissed the Marbury suit (1801) to avoid direct political showdown, he said that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury tried to base his appeal was unconstitutional.	19
10916706361	Samuel Chase	A strong supporter of the American Revolution, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, an ardent Federalist, and the only Supreme Court Justice ever to be impeached. A lawyer by profession, in 1796 he was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by president Washington. This was after he served as Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland in 1791. In 1804, for alleged prejudice against the Jeffersonians in treason and sedition trials.	20
10916706362	Napoleon Bonaparte	A French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars.	21
10916706363	Robert R. Livingston	He bought New Orleans and all the French territory west of the Mississippi River from Napoleon for 15 million dollars. He was only supposed to negotiate for a small part of New Orleans for 10 million so Jefferson was upset when he heard about this deal.	22
10916706364	Toussaint L'Overture	He skillfully led a group of angry ex-slaves against French troops in Santo Domingo. The French were unable to reconquer this valuable island and hence, had no use for Louisiana to serve as a granary for Santo Domingo. The inability of the French to regain possession of the island caused Napoleon to cede the Louisiana territory to the United States for 15 million dollars. Thus, his military vigor indirectly provoked Napoleon's decision to sell Louisiana to the Americans.	23
10916706365	Meriwether Lewis	An American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.	24
10916706366	William Clark	Explorer along with Merriwether Lewis sent out to explore the recently purchased Louisiana Territory. He served as the artist and cartographer. Their exploring lasted from 1804-1806. They traveled up the Missouri River, through the Rockies, and to the mouth of the Columbia River. This exploration bolstered America's claim to western lands as well as opening the west to Indian trade and further exploration.	25
10916706367	Sacajawea	A Native American woman who proved an indispensable guide to Lewis and Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. She showed the men how to forage for food and helped them maintain good relations with tribes in the Northwest.	26
10916706368	Aaron Burr	A running mate with Thomas Jefferson. They tied for the presidency. Jefferson won the run off. ____ killed Alexander Hamilton in a famous duel. He was tried and acquitted for treason involving a plan to separate the US and combine with Spain.	27
10916706369	James Wilkinson	He was one of the Commissioners appointed to receive the Purchase Louisiana from the French, and served as Governor of Louisiana from 1805-1806. He informed Pres. Jefferson of Burr's conspiracy to take over Louisiana, and was the primary witness against Burr at his treason trial, even though Wilkinson was himself implicated in the plot.	28
10916706370	James Madison	The author of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, the father of the Federalist party, and the fourth President of the United States. He was President during the war of 1812 and was also vice-President under Jefferson. He was a great statesman, but was not a strong president.	29
10916706371	Tecumseh	A Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and became an ally of Britain in the War of 1812.	30
10916706372	Tenskwatawa ("the Prophet")	A Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as The Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet. He was a brother of Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee.	31

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AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

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11693011572	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment.	0
11693011573	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.	1
11693011574	REM (rapid eye movement) sleep	rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.	2
11693011575	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.	3
11693011576	sleep	periodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)	4
11693011577	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.	5
11693011578	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.	6
11693011579	NREM sleep	non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.	7
11693011580	insomnia	recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.	8
11693011581	narcolepsy	a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.	9
11693011582	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.	10
11693011583	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.	11
11693011584	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the person 's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.	12
11693011585	manifest content	according to Freud, the story of the dream.	13
11693011586	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).	14
11693011587	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).	15
11693011588	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.	16
11693011589	posthypnotic suggestion	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.	17
11693011590	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.	18
11693011591	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.	19
11693011592	tolerance	the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.	20
11693011593	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.	21
11693011594	physical dependence	a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.	22
11693011595	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.	23
11693011596	addiction	compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.	24
11693011597	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.	25
11693011598	barbiturates	drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.	26
11693011599	opiates	opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.	27
11693011600	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.	28
11693011601	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.	29
11693011602	methamphetamines	a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.	30
11693011603	Ecstacy (MDMA)	a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.	31
11693011604	hallucinogens	psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.	32
11693011605	LSD	a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).	33
11693011606	near-death experiences	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.	34
11693011607	THC	the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.	35