Flashcards
AP Psychology Module 18 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11050355595 | Wavelength | The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the next peak. |  | 0 |
| 11050355596 | Hue | the color we experience | 1 | |
| 11050355597 | Intensity | Amount of energy in the wavelength | 2 | |
| 11050355598 | Pupil | The opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. |  | 3 |
| 11050355599 | Iris | controls the size of the pupil opening | 4 | |
| 11050355600 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images | 5 | |
| 11050355601 | Retina | Light sensitive tissue on eyeball inner surface | 6 | |
| 11050355602 | Accommodation | Eye lens curve to focus on objects | 7 | |
| 11050355603 | Rods | detect black, white and gray; used for peripheral and twilight vision | 8 | |
| 11050355604 | Cones | detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations | 9 | |
| 11050355605 | Optic Nerve | carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain | 10 | |
| 11050355606 | Blind Spot | optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there. | 11 | |
| 11050355607 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated | 12 | |
| 11050355608 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement | 13 | |
| 11050355609 | Parallel Processing | Multitasking | 14 | |
| 11050355610 | Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory | the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color. | 15 | |
| 11050355611 | Opponent Process Theory | The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision. | 16 |
ap us history chapter 4 and 5 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14783779647 | Indentured Servants | Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years. Their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlement. | 0 | |
| 14783779648 | Headright System | Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborer's passage to the colony. | 1 | |
| 14783779649 | bacon's rebellion (1676) | uprising of virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathanial Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite | 2 | |
| 14783779650 | Royal African Company | English joint-stock company that enjoyed a state-granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698. The supply of slaves to the North American colonies rose sharply once the company lost its monopoly privileges. | 3 | |
| 14783779651 | Middle Passage | Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies. Mortality rates were notoriously high. | 4 | |
| 14783779652 | slave codes | Set of laws beginning in 1662 defining racial slavery. They established the hereditary nature of slavery and limited the rights and education of slaves. | 5 | |
| 14783779653 | Congregational Church | Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican Church. | 6 | |
| 14783779654 | jeremiad | Often-fiery sermons lamenting the waning piety of parishioners first delivered in New England in the mid-seventeenth century; named after the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah. | 7 | |
| 14783779655 | Half-Way Covenant (1662) | Agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. It signified a waning of religious zeal among second and third generation Puritans. | 8 | |
| 14783779656 | Salem witch trials (1692-1693) | Series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women of the town. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. | 9 | |
| 14783779658 | William Berkeley (1606-1677) | Royal governor of VA with brief interruptions from 1641 until his death; a member of VA's seaboard elite, drew the ire of backwater settlers for refusing to protect them against Indian attacks; the friction eventually led to Bacon's Rebellion | 10 | |
| 14783779659 | nathaniel bacon (1647-1676) | Young VA planter who led a rebellion against Governor William Berkeley in 1676 to protest Berkeley's refusal to protect frontier settlers from Indian attacks | 11 | |
| 14783779660 | Paxton Boys (1764) | Armed march on Philadelphia by Scotts-Irish frontiersmen in protest against the Quaker establishment's lenient policies toward Native Americans. | 12 | |
| 14783779662 | New York slave revolt (1712) | Uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of nine whites and the brutal execution of twenty-one participating blacks | 13 | |
| 14783779663 | south carolina slave revolt (stone river) (1739) | uprising also known as the Stono Rebellion, of more than 50 south carolina blacks along the Stono river; the slaves attempted to reach Spanish Florida but were stopped by the South Carolina militia | 14 | |
| 14783779664 | Triangular Trade | Exchange of rum, slaves, and molasses between the North American Colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. A small but immensely profitable subset of the Atlantic trade. | 15 | |
| 14783779665 | Molasses Act (1737) | Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies. It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling. | 16 | |
| 14783779666 | Arminianism | Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of God's grace. Different from Calvinism, which emphasizes predestination and unconditional election. | 17 | |
| 14783779667 | Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s) | Religious revival that swept the colonies. Participating ministers, most notably Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality. A Second Great Awakening arose in the nineteenth century. | 18 | |
| 14783779668 | old lights | Orthodox clergymen who rejected the emotionalism of the Great Awakening in favor of a more rational spirituality. | 19 | |
| 14783779669 | new lights | Ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotive religious tradition pioneered by George Whitefield during the Great Awakening. | 20 | |
| 14783779670 | Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758) | Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin. Best known for its proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, and common sense | 21 | |
| 14783779671 | Zenger trial (1734-1735) | New York libel case against John Peter Zenger. Established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel. | 22 | |
| 14783779672 | Royal Colonies | Colonies where governors were appointed directly by the King. Though often competent administrators, the governors frequently ran into trouble with colonial legislatures, which resented the imposition of control from across the Atlantic. | 23 | |
| 14783779673 | proprietary colonies | Colonies-Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware-under the control of local proprietors, who appointed colonial governors. | 24 | |
| 14783779675 | Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609) | Dutch theologian who rejected predestination, preaching that salvation could be attained through the acceptance of God's grace and was open to all, not just the elect | 25 | |
| 14783779676 | Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) | New England minister whose fiery sermons helped touch off the First Great Awakening; Edwards emphasized human helplessness and depravity and touted that salvation could be attained through God's grace alone | 26 | |
| 14783779677 | George Whitefield (1714-1770) | Iterant English preacher whose rousing sermons throughout the American colonies drew vast audiences and sparked a wave of religious conversion, the First Great Awakening; Whitefield's emotionalism distinguished him from traditional, "Old Light," ministers who embraced a more reasoned, stoic approach to religious practice | 27 | |
| 14783779678 | John Trumbull (1756-1843) | Connecticut-born painter who, like many of his contemporaries, traveled to England to pursue his artistic ambitions. Trumbull was best known for his depictions of key events in the American Revolution, including the signing of the Declaration of Independence. | 28 | |
| 14783779679 | John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) | Massachusetts-born artist best known for his portraits of prominent colonial Americans, including Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. A loyalist during the Revolutionary war, Copley spent the rest of his life in London, painting portraits of British aristocrats and depicting scenes from English history. | 29 | |
| 14783779680 | Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784) | African-American poet who overcame the barriers of slavery to publish two collections of her poems; as a young girl, Wheatley lived in Boston, and was later taken to England where she found a publisher willing to distribute her work | 30 | |
| 14783779681 | John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) | New York printer tried for seditious libel against the state's corrupt royal governor. His acquittal set an important precedent for freedom of the press. | 31 | |
| 14796784747 | Regulator Movement | Eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in North Carolina against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite | 32 |
Flashcards
AP English Literature Terminology #1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 16138931908 | Allusion | a set of abstract ideas (or some philosophical statement or argument) is personified through human characters and specific events in which they engage. | 0 | |
| 16138952842 | anaphora | the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs | 1 | |
| 16138984648 | antithesis | contradictory ideas, words, or clauses, or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure | 2 | |
| 16139004932 | apostrophe | a direct address to an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love | 3 | |
| 16139019463 | blank verse | lines of iambic pentameter, which of all verse forms sounds most like natural speech | 4 | |
| 16139038505 | connotation | the non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning; may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes | 5 | |
| 16139051391 | denotation | the dictionary definition of a word | 6 | |
| 16139057566 | epithet | the use of a single-word adjective linked to a person or thing to describe a specific quality associated with it | 7 | |
| 16139071249 | euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts | 8 | |
| 16139081650 | free verse | poetry that doesn't follow a prescribed form but is characterized by irregularity in the length of the lines and a lack of a regular metrical pattern and rhyme | 9 | |
| 16139132062 | imagery | language that appeals to one of the five senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell.) | 10 | |
| 16139138421 | juxtaposition | placing dissimilar items, description, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison | 11 | |
| 16139194940 | metaphor | an implicit comparison is made between two things that are essentially dissimilar | 12 | |
| 16139205829 | metonymy | the name of one thing used to represent something else with which it is associated | 13 | |
| 16139222285 | oxymoron | a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction | 14 | |
| 16139230859 | paradox | a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity | 15 | |
| 16139248666 | parallelism | the repetition within a sentence (or several sentences within the same paragraph) of the same type of grammatical unit | 16 | |
| 16139278511 | pun | using one word to suggest two different meanings | 17 | |
| 16139281525 | simile | the use of like or as to compare two different things and to express that they're similar or share a certain quality | 18 | |
| 16139491428 | synecdoche | a concrete, complex entity is represented by a single part (uses one part to refer to a more complex concrete whole | 19 |
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12912654351 | heart | 12cm long 9cm wide sternum to the vertebral column | 0 | |
| 12912772154 | mediastinum | extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from the first rib, and between the lungs | 1 | |
| 12912810260 | apex | formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm | 2 | |
| 12912854049 | base of heart | opposite of apex and is its posterior aspect. formed by atria and left atrium | 3 | |
| 12912959049 | anterior surface | deep into sternum and ribs | 4 | |
| 12912972507 | inferior surface | between the apex and right surface and rests mostly on the diaphragm | 5 | |
| 12912979640 | right surface | faces the right lung and extends from the inferior surface to the base | 6 | |
| 12912986205 | left surface | faces the left lung and extends from the base to the apex | 7 | |
| 12912988442 | pericardium | membrane that surrounds and protects the heart | 8 | |
| 12912992581 | fibrous pericardium | composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue prevents overstitching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors heart in mediastinum | 9 | |
| 12913026409 | serous pericardium | thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart | 10 | |
| 12913036871 | parietal layer of serous pericardium | fused to fibrous pericardium | 11 | |
| 12913048174 | visceral layer of serous pericardium | also called epicardium-adheres to tightly to the surface of the heart | 12 | |
| 12913064411 | pericardial fluid | thin film lubricating serous fluid-slippery secretion of pericardial cells reduces friction as heart moves | 13 | |
| 12913079848 | pericardial cavity | the space that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid | 14 | |
| 12913088632 | 3 layers of the heart | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium | 15 | |
| 12913095385 | epicardium (external layer) | composed of two tissue layers 1. visceral layer of serous pericardium 2. fibrous elastic and adipose tissue smooth, slippery texture to the outer heart contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply to myocardium | 16 | |
| 12913263771 | myocardium (middle layer) | responsible of pumping action of the heart-composed of cardiac muscle tissue-swirl diagionally, striated, involuntary makes up 95% of heart wall | 17 | |
| 12913312671 | endocardium (innermost layer) | thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue provide smooth lining for the chamber of the heart and cover the valves of the heart minimizes surface friction as blood passes through the heart continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels attached to the heart | 18 | |
| 12913495273 | endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium involving the heart valves-caused by bacteria | 19 | |
| 12913517139 | atria | the two upper chambers of the heart receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart-veins | 20 | |
| 12913520303 | Ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart eject blood from the heart into blood vessels-arteries | 21 | |
| 12913595155 | auricle | wrinkled pouch-like structure increases capacity to the atrium so it can hold a greater volume of blood | 22 | |
| 12913611249 | sulci | series of grooves contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat each sulcus marks the external boundary between 2 chambers of the heart | 23 | |
| 12913640304 | coronary sulcus | encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between the superior atria and and inferior ventricles | 24 | |
| 12913665244 | anterior ventricular sulcus | shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart that marks the external boundary between the right and left ventricles on the anterior side of heart | 25 | |
| 12913757796 | right atrium | right surface of the heart and receives blood from 3 veins: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus inside posterior wall-smooth outside posterior wall- rough due to pectinate muscles-muscular ridges | 26 | |
| 12913686444 | posterior interventricular sulcus | marks the external boundary between ventricles on the posterior side of the heart | 27 | |
| 12913862401 | interatrial septum | between right and left atrium- thin partition | 28 | |
| 12916263244 | fossa ovalis | oval depression on interatrial septum remnant of foramen ovale-an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that closes after birth | 29 | |
| 12916304241 | tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) | consists of 3 cusps or leaflets composed of dense connective tissue covered by endocardium | 30 | |
| 12916318767 | right ventricle | forms most of the anterior surface of the heart | 31 | |
| 12916334440 | trabecular carneae | series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers | 32 | |
| 12916348098 | chordae | tendon like chords- connect cusps of tricuspid valve | 33 | |
| 12916366319 | papillary muscles | cone-shaped trabeculae carneae | 34 | |
| 12916372086 | interventricular septum | separates right from left ventricle | 35 | |
| 12916383202 | pulmonary valve | blood passes through to pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle | 36 | |
| 12916396017 | left atrium | forms base of heart receives blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins smooth posterior wall | 37 | |
| 12916415935 | bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular) | two cusps, two-sided | 38 | |
| 12916419599 | left ventricle | thickest chamber of the heart forms apex of the heart contain trabeculae carneae and chordae tendonae | 39 | |
| 12916431294 | aortic valve | The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. | 40 | |
| 12916442846 | ligamentum arteriosum | connects arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk | 41 |
Flashcards
AP Language Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 16243519191 | levity | lightness of manner or speech; humor; silliness | 0 | |
| 16243527580 | meander | To move aimlessly; wander lazily; move along a winding course | 1 | |
| 16243530500 | peripheral | Of minor importance; only slightly connected with what is essential; irrelevant | 2 | |
| 16243534036 | vacillate | to go back forth,mentally, from one alternative to another;hesitate | 3 | |
| 16243561310 | eloquent | extremely expressive and persuasive | 4 | |
| 16243566709 | unobtrusive | not readily noticeable or eye-catching; inconspicuous | 5 | |
| 16243576272 | Jargon | the specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession | 6 | |
| 16243587207 | substantiate | to prove the truth of confirm verify | 7 | |
| 16243591453 | dearth | scarcity; lack | 8 | |
| 16243593274 | copius | abundant; in plentiful supply | 9 |
Flashcards
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
