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AP Spanish Literature Works Flashcards

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13849713395El Conde Lucanor: de lo que aconteció a un mancebo que se casó con una mujer muy fuerte y muy brava.-CONTEXTO: La Edad Media (1335) -AUTOR: Don Juan Manuel -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Patronio, el Conde Lucanor, la mujer brava, y el mancebo -RESUMEN: Texto que cuenta la historia de cómo un joven se hace respetar por su temida esposa. -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales/ La creación literaria0
13849713396Romance del rey moro que perdió Alhama-CONTEXTO: La Edad Media (después de 1480) -AUTOR: Anónimo -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Personajes: El rey moro -RESUMEN: Romance del Rey moro en el que anuncia la pérdida de su preciada Alhama y cómo sus súbditos le culpan y reprochan -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio1
13849713397Visión de los vencidos (Fragmentos)-CONTEXTO: La conquista (Alrededor de 1502) -AUTOR: Miguel León-Portilla -PAÍS: México -PERSONAJES: Moctezuma, dioses aztecas los españoles, los españoles -RESUMEN: Texto que cuenta de las señales y pronósticos que aparecieron antes de que los españoles llegaran a América -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / El tiempo y el espacio2
13849713398Segunda carta de relación-CONTEXTO: La Conquista (1520) -AUTOR: Hernán Cortés -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Hernán Cortés, Carlos V, Moctezuma, Los indios -RESUMEN: Carta en la que Hernán Cortés le reporta al rey Carlos V lo que ha encontrado y vivido a su llegada a América. -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto/ El tiempo y el espacio/ Las relaciones interpersonales3
13849713399Lazarillo de Tormes, Prólogo y Tratados 1,2,3,7-CONTEXTO: El Renacimiento Español (1554) -AUTOR: Anónimo -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Lazarillo, el ciego, el ciérigo, el escudero, el alguacil -RESUMEN: Un joven huérfano cuenta las experiencias que tiene que vivir para sobrevivir bajo la tutela de varios amos, un ciego, un ciérigo, y finalmente en escudero -TEMAS: las sociedades en contacto/ El tiempo y el espacio/ Las relaciones interpersonales/ La dualidad del ser4
13849713400Soneto XXIII "En tanto que de rosa..."-CONTEXTO: El Renacimiento Español (1543) -AUTOR: Garcilaso de la vega -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Soneto en el que se enfatiza la idea de la temporalidad de la belleza, usando los conceptos de "carpe diem" y "memento mori" -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales5
13849713401El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, Parte I-CONTEXTO: El Renacimiento Español (1605,1615) -AUTOR: Miguel de Cervantes -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Don Quijote, Sancho Panza, el ventero, el cura, el barbero, Sansón Carrasco, Dulcinea del Toboso, la sobrina, el ama, Rocinante. -RESUMEN: Parodia de los libros de caballería, en la que el protagonista, transforma con su imaginación la realidad común y simple. -TEMAS: La dualidad del ser/ La creación literaria6
13849713402Soneto CLXVI "Mientras por compartir..."-CONTEXTO: El Barroco (1612) -AUTOR: Luis de Góngora -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Soneto en el que el poeta canta a la belleza femenina, pero lamenta que esté troncada en el futuro. Usa los conceptos de "carpe diem" y "memento mori." -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales7
13849713403Salmo XVII "Miré los muros de la patria mía"-CONTEXTO: El Barroco -AUTOR: Francisco de Quevedo -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Soneto en el que Quevedo contempla el paso del tiempo y los estragos de la guerra -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio8
13849713404El Burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra-CONTEXTO: El Barroco -AUTOR: Tirso de Molina -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Don Juan, Catalinón, Tisbea, El rey, Don Gonzalo, Doña Ana, Don Octavio, Isabela -RESUMEN: Obra de teatro que cuenta cómo el protagonista, acompañado de su fiel sirviente, Catalinón, seduce por medio de engaños a las mujeres de la alta sociedad. -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser/La construcción de género9
13849713405Hombres necios que acusáis-CONTEXTO: El Barroco -AUTOR: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz -PAÍS: México -PERSONAJES: La poeta -RESUMEN: Redondilla en la que la poesía reprocha a los hombres su actitud ante las mujeres. -TEMAS: La dualidad del ser/La construcción de género10
13849713406En una tempestad-CONTEXTO: El neoclasicismo -AUTOR: José María Heredia -PAÍS: Cuba -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Silva en la que el poeta se entrega al poder sublime de la naturaleza y de Dios, ante la grandeza y majestad de una tormenta en las costas de cuba -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio11
13849713407Rima LIII "Volverán las oscuras golondrinas..."-CONTEXTO: El modernismo -AUTOR: Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Silva en la que un hombre reacciona con mucha pasión ante un amor que jamás volverá -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales12
13849713408Nuestra América-CONTEXTO: El modernismo -AUTOR: José Martí -PAÍS: Cuba -PERSONAJES: José Martí -RESUMEN: Ensayo en el que José Martí expresa sus preocupaciones políticas -TEMAS: Las relaciones en contacto / El tiempo y el espacio13
13849713409He andado muchos caminos-CONTEXTO: El modernismo -AUTOR: Antonio Machado -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Poema en el que el poeta describe el camino de su vida y los tipos de gente que ha encontrado, contrastando y criticando las diferencias sociales -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / El tiempo y el espacio14
13849713410A Roosevelt-CONTEXTO: El modernismo -AUTOR: Rubén Dario -PAÍS: Nicaragua -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: En esta carta Dario critica a Roosevelt, por su política exterior, por su poder y por el capitalismo de su país. -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales/Sociedades en contacto15
13849713411Las medias rojas-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (Naturalismo) -AUTOR: Emilia Pardon Bazán -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Tío Clodio, Ildara -RESUMEN: Iladara, una joven que sueña con la esperanza de bandonar el pueblo de Galicia en el que vive, ve con dolor y resignación cómo su propio padre trunca esa posibilidad -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales/Construcción de género16
13849713412El hijo-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El naturalismo) -AUTOR: Horacio Quiroga -PAÍS: Uruguay -PERSONAJES: El padre, y el hijo -RESUMEN: El cuenta que recuenta la tragedia que vive un padre a su hijo en un accidente de cacería. -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales / La creación literaria17
13849713413San Manuel bueno, mártir-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (La generación 98) -AUTOR: Miguel de Unamuno -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: San Manuel, Ángela, Blasillo el bobo, Lázaro, la madre -RESUMEN: Ángela está confesando en un escritorio sobre sus impresiones de la vida de San Manuel, el sacerdote de la aldea, y quien es candidato para la beatificación. ella escribe sobre su relación con Manuel, sus conflictos y como el confía en ella. -TEMAS: El Tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser / La creación literaria18
13849713414Peso ancestral-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo) -AUTOR: Alfonsina Storni -PAÍS: Argentina -PERSONAJES: La poeta y su amante -RESUMEN: Poema en el que la poeta lamenta como la sociedad niega a los hombres la posibilidad de llorar. -TEMAS: La construcción de género / Las relaciones interpersonales19
13849713415Prendimiento de Antoñito el Camborio-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo, generación 27) -AUTOR: Federico García Lorca -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Antoñito el Camborio y la guardia civil -RESUMEN: Romance que cuenta la historia de un gitano que roba unos limones en el camino a su casa y es apresado por guardias civiles abusivos. -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / El tiempo y el espacio20
13849713416Balada de los dos abuelos-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo) -AUTOR: Nicolás Guillén -PAÍS: Cuba -PERSONAJES: El poeta, el abuelo negro, el abuelo blanco -RESUMEN: Poema en el que el poeta canta al mestizaje y realiza las características de sus abuelos, uno español y el otro africano -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser21
13849713417Walking Around-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo) -AUTOR: Pablo Neruda -PAÍS: Chile -PERSONAJES: El poeta -RESUMEN: Mediante una serie de imágenes grotescas el poeta describe la vida urbana con repugnancia y hastío -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales22
13849713418La casa de Bernarda Alba-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo, generación 27) -AUTOR: Federico García Lorca -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: Bernerda, María Josefa, La poncia, Las criadas, Angustia, Magdalena, Amelia, Martirio, Adela, Pepe el Romano -RESUMEN: Cuenta la vida de una viuda que se obstina en dominar a sus cinco hijas y cómo algunas lo aceptan sumisamente mientras que las más joven se rebela y muere trágicamente -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / La construcción de género / El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser23
13849713419A Julia de Burgos-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo) -AUTOR: Julia de Burgos -PAÍS: Puerto Rico -PERSONAJES: La poeta -RESUMEN: Poema en el que la autora se dirige a sí misma como si fuera otra persona, criticando la vida que lleva y las restricciones que impone la sociedad en que vive. -TEMAS: La construcción del género / Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser / La creación literaria24
13849713420Borges y yo-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo, ultraismo, el Boom) -AUTOR: Jorge Luis Borges -PAÍS: Argentina -PERSONAJES: Borges -RESUMEN: Texto en el que el autor confronta a su propio yo enfatizando el tema de la dualidad existente entre el Borges común y corriente y el Borges escritor -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser / La creación literaria25
13849713421La noche boca arriba-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Julio Cortázar -PAÍS: Argentina -PERSONAJES: Indio moteca, Hombre contemporáneo -RESUMEN: Un hombre sale del hotel, piensa que es tarde. Al rondar las calles de la ciudad en moto, trata de evitar a una mujer y se accidenta. Se rompe el brazo y se despierta en un hospital. Se transporta a otro mundo a través de un sueño. Es indio moteca que trata de evadir a los aztecas. Lo buscan para sacrificarlo. -TEMAS: La dualidad del ser / Tiempo y espacio / la tenue línea entre lo real y lo ilusorio26
13849713422No oyes ladrar los perros-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Juan Rulfo -PAÍS: México -PERSONAJES: Ignacio- un criminal, su padre, y un personaje de referencia, la madre. -RESUMEN: El padre lleva sobre sus hombros a su hijo herido, buscando el pueblo de Tonaya, que los ladridos de los perros demarca; sin embargo, el padre no pude oír los perros ladrar porque el hijo tapa sus orejas. -TEMAS: Las relaciones interpersonales27
13849713423Chac Mool-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Carlos Fuentes -PAÍS: México -PERSONAJES: Chac Mool, Filiberto, Pepe (el amigo de Filiberto) -RESUMEN: En este relato un hombre es poseído por los poderes que tiene una estatuilla mesoamericana. Este ídolo de piedra lo atormenta hasta llevarlo a la fatalidad. -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio, Lo real y lo fantástico, La transformación de un objeto inanimado a una persona28
13849713424El sur-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo, ultraismo, el Boom) -AUTOR: Jorge Luis Borges -PAÍS: Argentina -PERSONAJES: Juan Dahlman, Los gauchos, Los empleados del hospital -RESUMEN: El bibliotecario, Juan Dahlman, se golpea la cabeza en el marco de una ventana abierta y contrae septicemia. Su enfermedad lo lleva a un sanatorio donde recibe tratamiento de manera que se siente humillado. Al salir del sanatorio, Dahlman decide regresar a sus orígenes, a una estancia en el sur de Argentina. -TEMAS: La dualidad del ser / Tiempo y espacio / La creación literaria29
13849713425La siesta del martes-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Gabriel García Márquez -PAÍS: Colombia -PERSONAJES: La madre, la hija, el cura del pueblo, la hermana del cura, el hijo muerto, el pueblo -RESUMEN: Una madre humilde viaja con su hija al pueblo donde murió su hijo. A la hora de irse, todos en el pueblo miran con una curiosidad mórbida a la señora y su hija, pero la madre sigue con su objetivo de visitar la tumba de su hijo y no vacila frente a las miradas. -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto / Las relaciones interpersonales30
13849713426El ahogado más hermoso del mundo-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Gabriel García Márquez -PAÍS: Colombia -PERSONAJES: Los habitantes de un pueblo caribeño, "Esteban" (el ahogado) -RESUMEN: Un cuerpo ahogado atraca en la costa de un pueblo mísero, y en responder a esto, el pueblo pasa por una autoreflexión que resulta en un cambio de su perspectiva colectiva de sí misma y la vida y mundo en general. -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio /Las relaciones interpersonales / La dualidad del ser31
13849713427Mi caballo mago-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (Literatura chicana) -AUTOR: Sabine Ulibarrí -PAÍS: EEUU -PERSONAJES: Un adolescente, el padre, los vaqueros, el caballo mago -RESUMEN: El caballo era la fascinación del pueblo y era incontrolable, imposible de dominar. El adolescente finalmente lo atrapó pero durante la noche el caballo encontró la forma de escapar. Después de un rato, apareció su padre y le puso el brazo sobre el hombro y se quedaron viendo las huellas del caballo mago. -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales32
13849713428... Y no se lo tragó la tierra-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (Literatura chicana) -AUTOR: Tomás Rivera -PAÍS: EEUU -PERSONAJES: Una familia migrante, Múltiples voces (narrador omnisciente, diálogo) -RESUMEN: Hay una familia de campesinos que trabaja la tierra de otros. Conflicto con los valores que la madre le quiere enseñar al hijo...no entiende esto al ver todo el sufrimiento que lo rodea. Varias personas de su familia han muerto como resultado de esta injusticia, etc. -TEMAS: Las sociedades en contacto (la frustración, la religión, la muerte, la pobreza)33
13849713429Mujer negra-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX -AUTOR: Nancy Morejón -PAÍS: Cuba -PERSONAJES: La poeta -RESUMEN: Se trata de una esclava que sufre mucho pero se triunfe en fin. El poema "Mujer negra" narra sucesos históricos en el contexto de ser mujer y de ser negra. El énfasis no recae en la denuncia, sino en el proceso liberador. -TEMAS: La construcción de género / El tiempo y espacio34
13849713430El hombre que se convirtió en perro-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (vanguardismo, El Boom) -AUTOR: Osvaldo Dragún -PAÍS: Argentina -PERSONAJES: Actor 1; Actor 2: Actor 3 -RESUMEN: Esta historia se trata de un hombre que se queda sin empleo y empieza a buscar uno para mantener a su esposa. Fue a una fábrica a buscar trabajo donde lo emplearon como un perro vigilante. El hombre siguió así; haciendo como perro y ya no sabía si era hombre o era perro. -TEMAS: La dualidad del ser / Las relaciones interpersonales / La construcción del género / El tiempo y el espacio35
13849713431Dos palabras-CONTEXTO: Siglo XX (El Boom) -AUTOR: Isabel Allende -PAÍS: Chile -PERSONAJES: Belisa Crepusculario (Belisa viene de Isabel), El Coronel, El Mulato, El Narrador -RESUMEN: Belisa Crepusculario, la protagonista, nació en una familia pobre y mísera. Creció en una región inhóspita y desierta. Decidió salir de su tierra y hacer el viaje hacia el mar. Descubrió por casualidad la escritura. -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones interpersonales / La construcción del género36
13849713432Como la vida misma-CONTEXTO: Siglo XXI -AUTOR: Rosa Montero -PAÍS: España -PERSONAJES: La narradora/ el narrador (perspectiva); Un hombre de mediana edad (Conductor vecino) -RESUMEN: Una persona sale a la calle a combatir casi literalmente contra el tráfico y la congestión. El hecho de poder llegar a su destino se convierte en una lucha contra todos los conductores y personas a su alrededor. -TEMAS: El tiempo y el espacio / Las relaciones personales37
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AP English Literature Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

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13573225408allegorystory or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning0
13573225409allusion*A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art1
13573225410anaphora*repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning2
13573225411apostrophefigure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character3
13573225412approximate rhymewords in rhyming pattern that sound alike4
13573225413asidewhen a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage5
13573225414blank versepoetry written in meter without an ending rhyme6
13573225415cacophonyblend of unharmonious sounds7
13573225416caesurapause in the middle of a line8
13573225417catharsisthe release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)9
13573225418characterization*process of revealing characters personality10
13573225419comedydrama that is amusing or funny11
13573225420didactic writingwriting with a primary purpose to teach or preach12
13573225421dramatic exposition*prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world13
13573225422end stopped lineline ending in regular punctuation14
13573225423epiphanywhen a character receives a spiritual insight into their life15
13573225424euphonysmooth choice and arrangement of sounds16
13573225425extended figureA figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.17
13573225426figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.18
13573225427figure of speecha way of saying something other than the ordinary way19
13573225428footbasic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables20
13573225429formexternal pattern or shape of a poem21
13573225430hamartia*tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall22
13573225431verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant23
13573225432dramatic ironyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.24
13573225433situational irony*refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended25
13573225434meterA regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry26
13573225435metonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it27
13573225436motivation*A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior28
13573225437hyperbole*A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor29
13573225438oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.30
13573225439paradoxA contradiction or dilemma31
13573225440rhythmA regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.32
13573225441sarcasm*the use of irony to mock or convey contempt33
13573225442satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.34
13573225443simile*A comparison using "like" or "as"35
13573225444soliloquyA long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage36
13573225445stream of consciousnessprivate thoughts of a character without commentary37
13573225446synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa38
13573225447synesthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")39
13573225448theme*Central idea of a work of literature40
13573225449tone*Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character41
13573225450understatementthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis42
13573225451polysyndeton*the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural43
13573225452asyndeton*a construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions44
13573225453ambiguityAn event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.45
13573225454archetypean original model on which something is patterned46
13573225455antecedent actionaction or events which occur before the story begins47
13573225456aphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.48
13573225457analogymethod of comparing two similar things using parallelism to show similarities49
13573225458anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person50
13573225459antithesisan exact opposite; an opposite extreme51
13573225460colloquialcharacteristic of informal conversation52
13573225461chiasmusa statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed53
13573225462coherencethe quality of being logical, orderly, and clearly connected54
13573225463conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor55
13573225464diacoperepetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words56
13573225465explicationa detailed explanation of the meaning of a text57
13573225466juxtapositionplacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast58
13573225467hypophorathe technique of asking a question, then proceeding to answer it59
13573225468euphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant60
13573225469enumeratiodetailing parts, causes, effects, or consequences to make a point more forcibly61
13573225470enjambmentline of poetry that ends with no punctuation and consequently runs over into the next line62
13573225471invectiveinsulting, abusive, or highly critical language63
13573225472litotesA form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite64
13573225473motifA recurring theme, subject or idea65
13573225474parallelismthe use of a series of words, phrases, or sentences that have similar grammatical form66
13573225475prosodythe study of sound and rhythm in poetry67
13573225476syntaxthe grammatical arrangement of words in sentences68
13573225477voltathe shift or point of dramatic change in a poem69
13573225478rhetoricthe art of using language effectively and persuasively70
13573225479rhetorical questionA question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.71
13573225480parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner72
13573225481inferenceA conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning73
13573225482tragedyA drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow74
13573225483undertonea hidden or implied meaning75
13573225484dissonancelack of agreement or harmony76
13573225485frame storystory that contains another story/stories that is/are usually significant to the main story77
13573225486expletivean exclamation or oath, often obscene78
13573225487atmosphere/moodthe mood/ feeling of the literary work created for the reader by the writer.79
13573225488auditory imageryuse of language to represent an experience pertaining to sound80
13573225489universal themeA message about life that can be understood by most cultures81
13573225490implied meaningthe meaning of a word understood, though unexpressed, usually through connotations and imagery; where you have to read between the lines to get the underlying meaning/subtext of a text82
13573225491interior monologuea form of stream-of-consciousness writing that represents the inner thoughts of a character83
13573225493character sketcha short piece of writing that reveals or shows something important about a person or fictional character84
13573225494epiloguea short passage added at the end of a literary work85
13573225495epistlea letter or literary composition in letter form86
13573225496hexametera line of poetry containing six feet87
13573225497tetrametera line of poetry containing four feet88
13573225498pentametera line of poetry containing five feet89
13573225499lamenta passionate expression of grief or sorrow90
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AP Lang pink packet Flashcards

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10739109985anecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.0
10739109986stylethe overall manner in which an individual writer expresses ideas1
10739109987Syllogisma logical argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise2
10739109988Synecdocheusing one part of an object to represent the entire object3
10739109989pedanticdescribing an excessive display of learning or scholarship4
10739109990satirethe use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions5
10739109991non sequituran inference that does not logically follow the premise(s)6
10739109992ad homineman argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue7
10739109993Antithesisa statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced8
10739109994pathosthe quality in a work that prompts the reader to feel pity or sorrow9
10739109995Imageryconcrete, sensory details which contribute to the themes or ideas of a work10
10739109996tautologyneedless repetition which adds no meaning or understanding11
10739109997Syllepsisthe linking of one word with two other words in two strikingly different ways12
10739109998epiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight13
10739109999ellipsisthe omission of a word or phrase which is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context14
10739110000ChiasmusA statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed15
10739110001Understatementthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it really is16
10739110002Metaphora direct comparison of two different things which suggests they are somehow the same17
10739110003Alliterationthe repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words18
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ap psych - unit 1 Flashcards

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14769963191psychologythe connection between the brain and body0
14769966399behaviorsomething you can observe1
14769943125socrates and platogreek mind and body are separate - when the body dies, the mind still works knowledge is innate plato - how to make sense of innate info = introspection2
14769945949aristotleplato's student knowledge = logic, systematic observation scientific method3
14769952231rene descartes(1596 - 1650) dualism mechanistic view - spirits controlled actions, then he decided that humans were an exception to this mind/body interaction = pineal gland4
14769957833francis baconfounder of modern science5
14769961640john locketabula rasa - we're born stupid, blank slate empiricism - we learn by watching, social and observational learning; positive or negative reinforcement6
14769967516thomas hobbesmaterialism ideas = behaviorism7
14769969204wilhelm wundtfather of modern/ scientific psychology 1st psych experiment (1879) = 1st lab --> bouncy ball + reaction time developed voluntarism - volunteer attention8
14769970836edward bradford titchenerstudied under wundt introspection - study of consciousness; 3 parts - sensations, feelings, images; structuralism9
14769972705william jamesopposed structuralism; conscious = stream believed in 3 parts functionalism - adaptation, 3 functions10
14769975140mary whiton calkinsJames' student 1st woman president of APA (1905) research her focus: memory11
14769976350margaret floy washburnTitchener's 1st PhD student 1st American woman - PhD psychology APA's 2nd female president denied to study experimental psychology12
14769981551until 1920'sfocus: mental processes Wundt, Titchener - sensation, perception, processing information = mental processes James - stream of consciousness Freud = unconscious - repressed childhood causes adult behavior13
147699826661920s - 60sfocus: observable + measurable behavior Watson, Skinner = behaviorists14
147699837151960stwo new areas humanistic psychology Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow human potential - be the best that you can be focus: enviro influencing love, acceptance cognitive psychology / revolution dominant movement focus: taking in, processing, storing, retrieving info cognitive neuroscience15
14769984792nature vs nurturenature - dna, genetics, heredity, body nurture - enviro16
14769985469person vs situationbehavior triggered - thoughts / emotions, incentives / other people what brings out behavior - way we think? enviro? society?17
14769986677stability vs changewe have the ability to change can you teach an old dog new tricks?18
14769990125diversity vs universalityalike vs different19
14769992055natural selectiondarwin - ancestors fended off predators and people to survive20
14769993793levels of analysis*bio, psycho, social* bio - DNA psycho - psychology social - environment the 3 levels interact with each other to make everyone the way that they are everything is related21
14769996216biopsychosocial approach*biological influences* genetic predisposition, hormones, natural selection EX: alcoholic - a family member: in DNA *psychological influences* how the brain works, perception, learned fears/expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing/perceptual interpretation EX: alcoholic - the stress of peers *social-cultural influences* others' presences, familial/societal/cultural expectations, peer/group/media influences EX: alcoholic - peer pressure22
14769997977how current perspective contribute to biopsychosocialbiological mind/body connection neuroscience and physiological behavior influenced - physical/chemical changes 2 chemicals - natural, synthetic (drugs) evolutionary psych how evolution influenced behavior mind = pre-wired - nurture, built based on DNA23
14770000285behavior geneticshow DNA works with enviro + vise versa, personality; no definitive answer24
14770000913psychodynamicsfreud, how do our repressed memories (good or bad) influence our personalities and interactions in the environment; nature vs nurture, stability vs change25
14770001390cognitivehow does our brain take in info, process it, store it everyone interprets things differently26
14770001997behavioralhow you learn (are taught) - rewards and punishment, classical conditioning, visual, auditory, watching other people27
14770002764social - culturalhow thinking and behavior varies - situation to situation, culture to culture how we work in enviro28
14770003368psychometricsscientifically studying abilities, traits, attitudes29
14770004993basic researchexperimentation, scientific side of psych focus: increasing scientific knowledge base30
14770010704biological psychologistrelationship between hormones and brain what works first - how we think (mind), body, or chemicals31
14770011260developmental psychologisthow do you develop from the time of conception to death32
14770011830cognitive psychologistmemories - how do we process, store it perception, language, attention, problem solving, memory33
14770012689personality psychologistwhat makes you, you; nature vs nurture - dna or society/enviro34
14770013237social psychologistindividual, group influences/ interactions, relationships how do other people influence people, how you influence people race, discrimination, prejudice35
14770015279educational psychologistinfluences of teaching, learning36
14770016422experimental psychologisthuman, animal behavioral processes scientific, lab-based37
14770018050applied researchfocus: solving practical problems38
14770018643industrial/organizational psychologistspeople/work environment relationships $$$ rich how to boost morale + fix coworker relations39
14770019477neuropsychologistneurological function/behavior relationships what is happening in the brain: what chemicals/hormones are/aren't being released what is the brain doing vs not doing - body's responses40
14770019802forensic psychologistworks with criminals go into jails, interview inmates, determine whether or not they are mentally competent to go on trial sit in during jury selection - pick who stays and goes41
14770021740health psychologisthealth, prevention of disease hippies, feel good42
14770021746rehabilitation psychologisthelp with loss of function after illness, injury work with health psychologist to help the person overcome mental illnesses associated, learn how to function after disability43
14770022625school psychologistassess students in an educational setting44
14770023746sport psychologisthelp athletes overcome disabilities work with rehabilitation psychologists45
14770027593clinical psychologistevaluate, diagnose, find the cause, treatment of disorders have to be honest - if they get the wrong diagnosis it could ruin everything (helping profession)46
14770028341counseling psychologist"normal" issues parents divorced, not getting along with family no diagnosis (helping profession)47
14770028962community psychologistmental health - community setting transition people back into the community after being in jail or rehab; halfway house (helping profession)48
14770028963psychiatristdoctors - 4 years of med school, only ones that can prescribe meds (helping profession)49
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AP Lang Flashcards

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14466750157EthosOnes credibility as a speaker and writer0
14466750158LogosThe intellectual power of one's speech or writing1
14466750159PathosThe emotional power of one's speech or writing2
14466750160MetaphorA comparison without using like or as3
14466750161SimileA comparison using "like" or "as"4
14466750162AllusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event5
14466750163Synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa6
14466750164MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it7
14466750165PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes8
14466750166Zeugmause of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings9
14466750167OnomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.10
14466750168Hyperboleexaggeration11
14466750169LitotesA form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite12
14466750170rhetorical questionfigure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer13
14466750171Hypophoraraising a question then proceeding to answer it14
14466750172IronyA contrast between expectation and reality15
14466750173OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.16
14466750174ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.17
14466750175Parallelismsimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses18
14466750176Antithesisthe direct opposite, a sharp contrast19
14466750177Inverted Syntaxreversing the normal word order of a sentence20
14466750178Ellipsisthree periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation21
14466750179Asyndetonomission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words22
14466750180AlliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds23
14466750181AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds24
14466750182Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses25
14466750183Epistrophethe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences26
14466750184Anadiplosisrepetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause27
14466750185Epanalepsisrepetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause28
14466750186AntimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order29
14466750187PolysyndetonDeliberate use of many conjunctions30
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AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
16282884648Industrial RevolutionEconomic transformation, alongside environmental and lifestyle changes, occurring first in 18th century England.0
16284005543Agricultural Revolution18th century farming transformation resulting from spread of new crops, cultivation technique and livestock breeding improvements, introduction of mechanical reapers and harvesters and seed drill, and enclosure movement1
16294292735Enclosure MovementParliament allowed large land owners to combine and enclose smaller plots while kicking out many small farmers as technological improvements replaced them, adding them to the labor supply2
16294363095Commercial RevolutionTrade expansion between Europe, Africa, and Asia in which Europe couldn't meet manufacturing demands, leading to industrial improvements and the industrial revolution. Also made English merchants wealthy.3
16294343205CapitalMoney invested into factories/tech for industrial revolution. England had the most, partially from commercial revolution.4
16294394610Mass ProductionManufacturing of many identical products by dividing labor into small tasks.5
16294399668Interchangeable Parts6
16294542896Division of LaborManufacturing technique that breaks down a craft into many simple and repetitive tasks that can be performed by unskilled workers. Pioneered in Josiah Wedgwood's pottery works and other 18th century factories7
16294542897CokeEfficient fuel product from coal, discovered by Abraham Darby in 17098
16294606097Pig IronCrude, lumped iron obtained after smelting iron ore in a furnace. Production increased 250% between 1770-1800.9
16295052039Cast IronPoured molten iron into a mold/cast10
16295057103Steam engineA machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built first crude but workable one in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in 1760s/70s. It was then applied to machinery.11
16295070469TelegraphA device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in 1830s/40s12
16295083271Crystal PalaceBuilding erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was symbolic of the industrial age.13
16296488065Piecers7-10 year old child laborers who quickly made minor repairs to machines as they broke on the fly14
16296523174ScavengersChild laborers, young as 6, who collected materials from and around machines while they ran, crawling underneath them if necessary15
16296548588WorkhouseBought/contracted (~enslaved) children from orphanages to work until 21, only paid 1 euro per 7 days16
16296588381MercantilismEurope's political system after feudalism's fall based on accumulation of gold and silver, establishment of colonies, and development of industry and mining to achieve a favorable balance of trade.17
16296631785Laissez-FaireIdea that government shouldn't interfere in economic affairs, shown in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776)18
16296699055ProletariatIndustrial labor class lacking possessions19
16296729461BourgeoisieGrowing English upper middle class post-feudalism with wealth sourced from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions. Owned means of production.20
16296771395SocialismGovernment owns means of production with hope that they'll serve the public's interests rather than private's21
16296794854Why Socialists Rejected CapitalismRejected capitalism because it created poor working conditions resulting from its goal of maximizing profits for investors22
16296782538CommunismKarl Marx's system involving removal of private property and individualistic desires to instead serve the greater whole23
16296936019Utopian SocialismIdeal socialist society in which community divides tasks and rewards fairly, justly and evenly to create such a system24
16296960412New LanarkRobert Owen's socialist, Scottish community around textile mill25
16297033769ChartismPolitical reform movement led by William Lovert and Fergus O' Conner, appealing to miners and industrial workers26
16297104432Luddites1811 Protesters (literally) attacking technological advancements because they replaced human jobs27
16297128990Nemesis28
16303975919Jethro TullInvented seed drill in 1701 after seeing how wasteful scattering seeds was29
16303981258Eli WhitneyInvented the cotton gin and is credited for inventing interchangeable parts in late 1700s despite them being used around Europe prior30
16304157902Josiah WedgwoodEnglish industrialist whose pottery works were the first to produce fine-quality pottery by industrial methods.31
16304184670John KayEnglish artisan who invented the "flying shuttle" to spin threads32
16304202077Richard ArkwrightEnglish inventor/entrepreneur who became the wealthiest/most successful textile manufacturer of Industrial Revolution. Invented water frame, which could spin several threads at once with minimal human supervision33
16304287104Samuel CromptonBritish inventor of the spinning mule, which permitted large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread, yarn, and cloth called muslin by combining best features of the jenny and water frames.34
16304333334James HargreavesInvented spinning jenny, allowing one person to spin 16 threads at once.35
16304403564Abraham DarbyDiscovered that coke (cheap coal) could be used instead of expensive charcoal36
16304422546Henry CortDiscovered method of removing impurities in coke-iron by pudding-stirring molten iron with long rods, making production of soft, malleable wrought iron cheaper.37
16304469342Thomas NewcomenEnglish developer of the steam engine to pump water from mines in 1704.38
16304498900James WattScot who invented the condenser and other improvements that made the steam engine a practical power source for industry and transportation. The electric watt's named after him.39
16304547331Henry BessemerDeveloped Bessemer process in 1856, bringing forth "Age of Steel".40
16325524371Robert FultonInvented the steamboat in 180741
16325566475Samuel MorseInvented the telegraph using dots and dashes to communicate a message over long distances42
16325586064Adam SmithWrote Wealth of Nations; promoted Laissez-Faire; "Father of Economics";Claimed "invisible hand" of capitalism would lead individuals to work for their individual and therefore community good43
16325684757Thomas Malthus1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, predicted population growth would outpace food supply and poor would starve and the only option was to have fewer children. His predictions didn't come true: food supply grew faster than the population44
16325732787David Ricardo"Iron Law of Wages."- When wages are high, workers have more children which create large labor surplus that depresses wages.45
16325766456Jeremy BenthamSociety's goal is greatest good for the greatest number. There's a role to play for government intervention to provide social safety net. His body was, preserved and displayed at University College London upon request.46
16325896399Karl MarxGerman socialist who invented communism, wrote Das Kapital and Communist Manifesto47
16325818537Karl Marx Location FrustrationForced to leave Prussia for writing articles attacking their government, relocated to France where he was labeled a radical.48
16325871053Karl Marx Quotes"Religion is the opium of the people"; "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs"; "Workers of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains"; "The state will wither away"49
16325929440Robert OwenUtopian socialist who set up a model community in New Lanark around his textile mill. Offered improved working conditions, decreased hours, shared profits with employee.50
16325988204Claude Henri de Saint-SimonFrench socialist philosopher believing humans are naturally greedy, needing to be corrected through education. Advocated ending inheritance.51
16326063259Mary Wollstonecraft52
16326067033Muhammad Ali53
16326071375Factory Act of 1833Prohibited employment of childern under 9 in textile mills and limited working hours for kids.54
16326103718Mines Act of 1842Prohibited employment of omen and boys under 10 underground55
16326131770Communist ManifestoWritten by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, urges worker uprising and abolition of private property. Proletarians must violently overthrow bourgeoisie56
16326136213Das Kapital57
16326136214Wealth of Nations58
16326143455Essay on the Principle of Population59
16326143456The People's Charter60
16326152490Vindication of the Rights of Women61
16353918811Key Causes of Industrial RevolutionSteam engines, mechanization of factory manufacturing, and innovations in transportation and communication62
16353931111Why did Britain Lead Start of Industrial Revolution?Had capital to invest from Commercial Revolution; had vast resources and markets from many colonies; had lots of laborers; had lots of ports for trade; had merchant marine for shipping;63
16431123754Keys to Agricultural Revolution's Success?Technological improvements/tools, open-field system, little food surplus64
16431156468Why/How Population Changed During Industrial RevolutionMore manufacturing led to Earth supporting more people and population urbanized, overall increase throughout65
16431177630Industrial Revolution's Societal ProblemsChild labor, centralization of wealth to bourgeoisie, laborers mistreated (extreme working hours, danger), environmental pollution, jobs replaced with tech, war became more advanced/deadly66
16431202923Iron and Coal's Industrial Revolution Role?Coal was used to power new machines, such as steam engines. Many of these were made of and/or used iron as a material.67
16431215426Factory ConditionsAbusive hours, many children present, dangerous work, minimal pay, repetitive, specific jobs68
16431231095Product Being Made Affects WorkersCotton work was painful and prickly due to the plant69
16438668653Issues of Rural BritainFarm machinery cost them their jobs, forcing them to migrate to urban areas70
16438728388Mass Production and Cost RelationMass production allows lots of identical products to be created cheaply71
16438816824Robert Owen's "Utopian Society"Socialist society in New Lanark, Scotland, revolving around work in his textile mill, which offered improved working conditions, decreased hours, shared profits with employees, proved Socialism could be profitable72
16438920587Telegraph's ImpactImproved communication,73
16438926370Railroad's Impact on Trade and Human Interaction74
16438942497Industrialization's Impact on UK and European Cities75
16438955202Major Laissez-Faire Criticism76
16438959595Major Laissez-Faire Advantages77
16438975225Egypt's Attempted Resistance Against Negative European Economic Effects78
16438985125India and China's Trade Change During Europe's Industrialization79
16438991592Pros and Cons of Labor Saving Machines80
16438991593Enlightenment18th century European philosophical movement done scientifically, fostering the belief that reforming society was possible by creating rational laws that governed social behavior81
16439023111Enlightened MonarchsUsed merit selection, national regal systems, and modernized tax systems. Examples: Charles III of Spain, Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia.82
16439235763Declaration of IndependenceSigned in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state from its mother country, Britain, leading to the American Revolution, inspiring several revolutions, most others failed.83
16439276796Continental Congress84
16439366397Articles of ConfederationFirst US constitution, failed to enforce requirements of Paris Treaty and gave states too much power85
16439390545Estates GeneralFrench parliament-like class structure of the clergy, nobility, and commoners, giving each one vote. Clergy and nobility abused this, collaborating to give themselves power without giving commoners a say, leading to French Revolution and National Assembly86
16439440622National AssemblyFrench government replacing estates general, made by third estate who took over to try to establish a Republic87
16442620401BastilleKing Louis XVI's prison fortress, was raided on July 14th 1789 by the revolting mob to get weapons from inside. The event created French holiday, Bastille Day88
16442704466Declaration of the Rights of Man and the CitizensStatement of fundamental political rights adopted by National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution which asserted the sovereignty of the people and rights of "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité"89
16442748400Declaration's Rights Explained1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. 2. The aim of all government is preservation of natural rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. 3. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.90
16442811933Article 5 of Rights DeclarationAnything that is not forbidden by law may not be prevented, and none may be compelled to do what the law does not require91
16442823450Tennis Court OathNational Assembly's vow to unite until France's constitution is established with firm foundations92
16442855318Women's March on VersaillesThousands of starving lower-class women and peasants stormed Versailles demanding bread, forced Louis to flee to Paris93
16443170362Sans-CulottesRadical left-wing partisans of lower classes, typically urban laborers, which dominated the French army despite being ill-equipped. Translates to "without pants", which really means "without fancy pants"94
16443232462Reign of Terror(1793-1794) Beginning with Queen Marie Antoinette's execution, then revolutionaries began executing all who remotely opposed the revolutionary government, including commoners. In total about 30,000 died. Led by Robespierre.95
16443304642Civil Constitution of the ClergyAmidst a French economic crisis, National Assembly confiscated/sold church property for money, reorganized church to limit its power/influence, and clergy force to swear loyalty to France > Pope96
16443370621Jacobins97
16443374251GuillotineMachine invented by Dr. Joseph Guillotin for more humane execution. During pinnacle of its use, in Paris alone, 1200 executed during 3 month period.98
16443410426Declaration of PillnitzCountries agree to support Louis XVI, opening possibility of foreign intervention99
16443453137The National ConventionFrench government of meeting of party delegates, first in 1792, featuring 2 groups, Jacobins and Girondins. Abolished monarchy, made France a Republic.100
16443494737The Committee of Public Safety101
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