AP Biology: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
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| 14767436709 | Cellular Respiration Equation | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP) | 0 | |
| 14767436710 | Cellular Respiration Equation (words) | Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP) | 1 | |
| 14767436711 | Oxidation | A reaction that results in a partial or complete loss of electron. | 2 | |
| 14767436712 | Reduction | A reaction that results in a partial or complete gain of electrons. | 3 | |
| 14767436713 | Phosphorylation | The process of adding a phosphate molecule to ADP or another molecule. | 4 | |
| 14767436741 | Mitochondria Structure |  | 5 | |
| 14767436714 | (Mitochondiral) Outer Membrane | The membrane of the mitochondria that covers the outside of it. | 6 | |
| 14767436715 | (Mitochondrial) Inner Membrane | The membrane of the mitochondria that is inside and has folds known as cristae. | 7 | |
| 14767436716 | (Mitochondrial) Intermembrane Space | The space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria that has a high H+ concentration. | 8 | |
| 14767436717 | (Mitochondrial) Matrix | The space within the inner membrane space of the mitochondria that has a low H+ concentration. | 9 | |
| 14767436718 | (Mitochondrial) Cristae | Folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane that have many proteins embedded in it. Folds help increase surface area. | 10 | |
| 14767436719 | Glycolysis Energy Investment | The energy investment phase of cellular respiration, doesn't yield any products or energy yet. Glucose is processed by adding phosphate to it and turning it into fructose which gets split up into 2 glyceraldehyde triphosphate molecules. | 11 | |
| 14767436720 | Glycolysis Summary | A reaction in cellular respiration that inputs a glucose molecule and 2 ATP molecules to result in 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP molecules (net gain of 2), and 2 NADH molecules. | 12 | |
| 14767436721 | Link Reaction | This process takes the 2 pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis and converts them into a 2-carbon compound, releasing the extra carbon molecule as CO₂. Then an H+ molecule along with an e-, is removed and added to NAD+ NADH and then the coenzyme A is added to the two carbon acetyl group. | 13 | |
| 14767436722 | Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Summary (Per Pyruvate) | A Process that takes an Acetyl CoA molecule and processes it to produce 2CO₂, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, and 1 ATP. | 14 | |
| 14767436723 | Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Summary (Per Glucose) | A process that takes 2 Acetyl CoA molecules and processes them to produce 4CO₂ , 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ , and 2 ATP. | 15 | |
| 14767436724 | Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation | A process that occurs over the inner membrane of the mitochondria by taking H+ and e- molecules from NADH and FADH₂ molecules produced earlier in the cycle, and transferring the H+ across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space to create an H+ gradient across the membrane. 2H+ and 2e- molecules left over are accepted by an O₂ molecule to create water. The H+ gradient created causes H+ molecules to flow back into the matrix through a transport protein that has ATP synthase at the end of it that uses the kinetic energy produced to add phosphorous molecules to ADP to create ATP. | 16 | |
| 14767436725 | Electron Transport Chain (ETC) | A process that occurs over the inner membrane of the mitochondria by taking H+ and e- molecules from NADH and FADH₂ molecules produced earlier in the cycle, and transferring the H+ across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space to create an H+ gradient across the membrane. 2H+ and 2e- molecules left over are accepted by an O₂ molecule to create water. | 17 | |
| 14767436726 | Chemiosmosis | The H+ gradient created by the ETC causes H+ molecules to flow back into the matrix over the inner membrane through a transport protein that has ATP synthase at the end of it that uses the kinetic energy produced to add phosphorous molecules to ADP to create ATP. | 18 | |
| 14767436727 | Electron Transport Chain Oxidative Phosphorylation Summary | This process results in the creation of 32-34 ATP molecules through indirect means by processing 10 NADH molecules and 2 FADH₂ molecules. | 19 | |
| 14767436728 | Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) | The two processes in cellular respiration that directly produce ATP through substrate level phosphorylation. | 20 | |
| 14767436729 | Cellular Respiration | The process that processes glucose to produce 36-38 ATP molecules through a combination of oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation. (Number of ATP produced varies due to some of it being used to transport NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria). Also produces 6 CO₂ molecules and 6 H₂O molecules. | 21 | |
| 14767436730 | Cytosol | Location in the cell where glycolysis takes place. | 22 | |
| 14767436731 | Across the (Mitochondrial) Inner Membrane (From Matrix to Intermembrane Space) | Location in the cell where electron transport oxidative phosphorylation takes place. | 23 | |
| 14767436732 | Alchohol Fermentation | A method of creating energy commonly used by eukaryotic bacteria like yeast in the absence of oxygen. Glucose undergoes glycolysis to create 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate. The 2 pyruvate molecules are transformed into 2 Acetylaldehyde, releasing CO₂ in the process. Then NADH donates 2H+ and 2e- molecules to create 2 Ethanol. | 24 | |
| 14767436733 | Alcohol Fermentation Summary | This process takes glucose and processes it to produce 2 ATP and 2 Ethanol molecules. | 25 | |
| 14767436734 | Lactic Acid Fermentation | A method of creating energy used by eukaryotic organisms such as humans in the absence of oxygen. Glucose undergoes glycolysis to produce 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate. The 2 pyruvate molecules are then transformed into 2 lactate molecules (the ionized form of lactic acid). | 26 | |
| 14767436735 | Lactic Acid Fermentation Summary | This process takes glucose and processes it to produce 2 ATP and 2 Lactate molecules. The 2 NADH molecules directly reduce the pyruvate molecules. | 27 | |
| 14767436736 | Strict Anaerobes | Organisms that use only anaerobic respiration and are poisoned by O₂. | 28 | |
| 14767436737 | Strict Aeorobes | Organisms that use only aerobic respiration. | 29 | |
| 14767436738 | Faculative Anaerobes | Organisms that use aerobic respiration when oxygen is available and anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available. | 30 | |
| 14767436739 | Aerobic Respiration | A type of respiration that requires oxygen to be performed. | 31 | |
| 14767436740 | Anaerobic Respiration | A type of respiration that does not require oxygen to be performed. | 32 |
