AP Spanish Aesthetics and Beauty Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9051436843 | Lo bello | Everything beautiful | 0 | |
| 9051436844 | El arte | Art | 1 | |
| 9051436845 | El dibujo | Drawing | 2 | |
| 9051436846 | La pintura | Painting | 3 | |
| 9051436847 | La musíca | Music | 4 | |
| 9051436848 | La literatura | Literature | 5 | |
| 9051436849 | La poesía | Poetry | 6 | |
| 9051436850 | La arquitectura | Architecture | 7 | |
| 9051436851 | La escultura | Sculpture | 8 | |
| 9051436852 | El baile | Dance | 9 | |
| 9051436853 | El teatro | Theater | 10 | |
| 9051436854 | Las joyas | Jewels | 11 | |
| 9051436855 | La naturaleza | Nature | 12 | |
| 9051436856 | Los fenómenos naturales | Natural phenomenon | 13 | |
| 9051436857 | El espacio exterior | Outer space | 14 | |
| 9051436858 | La forma del cuerpo | The body's form | 15 | |
| 9051436859 | La amistad | Friendship | 16 | |
| 9051436860 | El humor | Humor | 17 | |
| 9051436861 | El romance | Romance | 18 | |
| 9051436862 | Las experiencias | Experiences | 19 | |
| 9051436863 | Lo difícil | Everything difficult | 20 | |
| 9051436864 | Lo inesperado | Everything unexpected | 21 | |
| 9051436865 | Lo desconocido | Everything unknown | 22 | |
| 9051436866 | El cuerpo humano | The human body | 23 | |
| 9051436867 | La actividad física | Physical activity | 24 | |
| 9051436868 | Los descubrimientos | Discoveries | 25 | |
| 9051436869 | La fe | Faith | 26 | |
| 9051436870 | Lo cotidiano | the daily, the common | 27 | |
| 9051436871 | Lo auténtico | Everything authentic | 28 | |
| 9051436872 | La armonía | Harmony | 29 | |
| 9051436873 | La justicia | Justice | 30 | |
| 9051436874 | La creatividad | Creativity | 31 | |
| 9051436875 | La honestidad | Honesty | 32 | |
| 9051436876 | La libertad | Liberty | 33 | |
| 9051436877 | La naturalidad | Natural | 34 | |
| 9051436878 | La generosidad | Generosity | 35 | |
| 9051436879 | La eficiencia | Efficiency | 36 | |
| 9051436880 | La fluidez de movimiento | Fluid movement | 37 | |
| 9051436881 | La simetría | Symmetry | 38 | |
| 9051436882 | El equilibrio | Balance | 39 | |
| 9051436883 | La simplicidad | Simplicity | 40 | |
| 9051436884 | La paz | Peace | 41 | |
| 9051436885 | La muerte | Death | 42 | |
| 9051436886 | La amabilidad | Kindness | 43 | |
| 9051436887 | El logro | the success | 44 | |
| 9051436888 | El atletismo | Athletics | 45 | |
| 9051436889 | La juventud | Youth | 46 | |
| 9051436890 | El nacimiento | Birth | 47 | |
| 9051436891 | La vejez | the old age | 48 | |
| 9051436892 | La Gracia | the Grace | 49 | |
| 9051436893 | el fracaso | the failure | 50 | |
| 9051436894 | tener un gran éxito | to have a great success | 51 | |
| 9051436895 | Tener muchos aficionados | to have many fans | 52 | |
| 9051436896 | el sentimiento | the feeling | 53 | |
| 9051436897 | el detalle | the detail | 54 | |
| 9051436898 | más . . .que | more . . .than | 55 | |
| 9051436899 | menos. . .que | less . . .than | 56 | |
| 9051436900 | más de | more than (required for numbers) | 57 | |
| 9051436901 | menos de | less than (required for numbers) | 58 | |
| 9051436902 | El mejor objeto de todos | the best object of all | 59 | |
| 9051436903 | la mejor obra de todas | the best work of all | 60 | |
| 9051436904 | pintar | to paint | 61 | |
| 9051436905 | la escultura | the sculputure | 62 | |
| 9051436906 | esculpir | to sculpt | 63 | |
| 9051436907 | dibujar | to draw | 64 | |
| 9051436908 | embellecer | to beautify | 65 | |
| 9051436909 | feo | ugly | 66 | |
| 9051436910 | fuera de equilibrio | out of balance | 67 | |
| 9051436911 | el estilo moderno | modern style | 68 | |
| 9051436912 | crear | to create | 69 | |
| 9051436913 | el ambiente | the environment | 70 |
AP US History 2 Chapter 39 - 40 Vocabulary Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12751131299 | Perestroika | in the former Soviet Union the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev | 0 | |
| 12751131300 | Glasnost | in the former Soviet Union, the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985. | 1 | |
| 12751131301 | rainbow coalition | a political alliance of differing groups, typically one comprising minority peoples and other disadvantaged groups. | 2 | |
| 12751131302 | Reaganomics | the economic policies of the former US president Ronald Reagan, associated especially with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity. | 3 | |
| 12751131303 | supply side economics | a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation, by which it is directly opposed to demand-side economics | 4 | |
| 12751131304 | Strategic Defense Initiative | a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons. The concept was first announced publicly by President Ronald Reagan on 23 March 1983 | 5 | |
| 12751131305 | Contras | members of a guerrilla force in Nicaragua that opposed the left-wing Sandinista government 1979-90, and was supported by the US for much of that time | 6 | |
| 12751131306 | Sandinistas | members of a left-wing Nicaraguan political organization, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), which came to power in 1979 after overthrowing the dictator Anastasio Somoza | 7 | |
| 12751131307 | Operation Desert Storm | the name used for the military operation in which international armed forces, including British and US troops, attacked Iraq in the Gulf War. It began on January 16, 1991, and lasted 100 days. | 8 | |
| 12751131308 | Americans With Disabilities Act | is federal legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities | 9 | |
| 12751131309 | gender gap | the discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women. | 10 | |
| 12751131310 | Chappaquiddick | a single-vehicle car accident caused by Edward Kennedy's negligence and resulted in the death of his 28-year-old passenger Mary Jo Kopechne | 11 | |
| 12751131311 | detente | the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries. | 12 | |
| 12751131312 | revenue sharing | the distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments. | 13 | |
| 12751131313 | executive privilege | the privilege, claimed by the president for the executive branch of the US government, of withholding information in the public interest. | 14 | |
| 12751131314 | Vietnamization | the US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam. | 15 | |
| 12751131315 | Nixon Doctrine | implied the intentions of Nixon shifting the direction on international policies in Asia | 16 | |
| 12751131316 | War Powers Act | a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress. | 17 | |
| 12751131317 | energy crisis | is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. | 18 | |
| 12751131318 | Twenty-fifth amendment | the procedures for replacing the president or vice president in the event of death, removal, resignation, or incapacitation. | 19 | |
| 12751131319 | Saturday Night Massacre | a referred name to the series of events that took place in the United States on the evening of October 20, 1973, during the Watergate scandal. | 20 | |
| 12751131320 | Title IX | No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. | 21 | |
| 12751131321 | Equal Rights Amendment | a proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one's sex. | 22 | |
| 12751131322 | Roe v. Wade | established a woman's right to have an abortion without undue restrictive interference from the government. | 23 | |
| 12751131323 | Camp David Agreement | a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt issuing from talks betweenEgyptian President Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and the host, U.S. President Carter: signed in 1979. | 24 |
AP Language Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13470665433 | attitude | a writer's intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing | 0 | |
| 13470668457 | concrete detail | details and evidence that relate to the topic | 1 | |
| 13470672192 | descriptive detail | sensory description | 2 | |
| 13470675681 | devices | The figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect. | 3 | |
| 13470681976 | rhetorical feature | tools of rhetoric; such as tone, diction, imagery | 4 | |
| 13470686482 | rhetorical structure | how a passage is constructed; organization and how author combines images, details or arguments to serve his or her purpose | 5 | |
| 13470691521 | sentence structure | The arrangement of the parts of a sentence. A sentence may be simple, compound, or complex. Sentences may also contain any of these structures in combination with each other. Each variation leaves a different impression on the reader, and along with other rhetorical devices, may create a countless array of effects. | 6 | |
| 13470694928 | stylistic devices | all of the elements in language that contribute to style, such as syntax, tone, attitude, figures of speech, connotations, and repetition. | 7 | |
| 13470703329 | language | concentration on how the elements of language combine to form a whole-how diction, syntax, figurative language, and sentence structure create a cumulative effect. | 8 | |
| 13470714651 | narrative devices | This term describes the tools of the storyteller (also used in nonfiction), such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect. On the essay portion of the exam, this term may also apply to biographical and autobiographical writing. | 9 | |
| 13470720568 | narrative technique | the style of telling the "story", even if the passage is nonfiction. Concentrate on the order of events and their detail in evaluating a writer's technique | 10 | |
| 13470730875 | persuasive devices | Words with strong connotations; words that intensify the emotional effect. Speeches use these the most often | 11 | |
| 13470736481 | persuasive essay | Attempts to convince reader to take a course of action or adopt the writer's position on an issue. Appeals to emotion or ethical standards | 12 | |
| 13470741783 | resources of language | This phrase refers to all the devices of composition available to a writer, such as diction, syntax, sentence structure, and figures of speech. The cumulative effect of a work is produced by the resources of language a writer chooses. | 13 | |
| 13470746338 | allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. | 14 | |
| 13470749239 | alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. May be used to reinforce meaning, unify ideas, or supply a musical sound. | 15 | |
| 13470756325 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. These can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. | 16 | |
| 13470766128 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 17 | |
| 13470770137 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can make writing more vivid, imaginable, or intellectually engaging. | 18 | |
| 13470776946 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 19 | |
| 13470779893 | aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. | 20 | |
| 13470783154 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 21 | |
| 13470786942 | atmosphere | the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work. | 22 | |
| 13470799135 | clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb | 23 | |
| 13470802084 | didactic | primary aim to teach. Not dialectic | 24 | |
| 13470805208 | euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept | 25 | |
| 13470809577 | extended metaphor | a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 26 | |
| 13470815670 | figurative language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 27 | |
| 13470817397 | figure of speech | a device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Ex: hyperbole, irony, metaphor, etc. | 28 | |
| 13470824458 | generic conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre. These help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. On the AP language exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer's work from those dictated by convention. | 29 | |
| 13470831427 | colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, they give the work a conversational, familiar tone. | 30 | |
| 13470840601 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. It displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison being made. | 31 | |
| 13470846029 | connotation | the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. | 32 | |
| 13470850913 | denotation | the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. | 33 | |
| 13470855974 | diction | writer's word choice | 34 | |
| 13470857321 | genre | the major category into which a literary work fits | 35 | |
| 13470860149 | homily | literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice | 36 | |
| 13470863350 | hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. They often have a comic effect; however, a serious one is possible. Often produces irony at the same time. | 37 | |
| 13470875611 | imagery | the sensory details of fig. lang. used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 38 | |
| 13470881448 | inference/infer | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 39 | |
| 13470885698 | invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 40 | |
| 13470891287 | irony/ironic | the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. Verbal, situational, and dramatic. Frequently used to create poignancy(sadness or regret) or humor. | 41 | |
| 13470901885 | loose sentence | A sentence in which the main idea(IC) comes first, followed by the dependent clause. A passage containing many of these often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational. | 42 | |
| 13470917235 | paradox | a statement that seems contradictory or opposed to common sense but on closer inspection contains some aspect of truth. | 43 | |
| 13470923493 | parallelism | refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. | 44 | |
| 13470933269 | parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 45 | |
| 13470940311 | metonomy | a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared" | 46 | |
| 13470945023 | mood | 1st meaning: grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. 2nd meaning: literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of the work. | 47 | |
| 13470963740 | narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 48 | |
| 13470964998 | onomatopoeia | A word that imitates the sound it represents. Buzz, hum, crack, whinny, murmur | 49 | |
| 13470969032 | oxymoron | a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. "pointedly foolish" | 50 | |
| 13470975579 | pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 51 | |
| 13470978697 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. | 52 | |
| 13470987454 | personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 53 | |
| 13470988616 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told. Main ones: first person("I"), second ("you"), or third person(narrative, "he, she it"). | 54 | |
| 13471003253 | tone | Similar to mood, it describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. It is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. Considering how a work would sound if it were read aloud can help in identifying an author's __. Some words describing it are playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal, ornate, sardonic, somber, etc. | 55 | |
| 13471004781 | transition | a word or phrase that links different ideas | 56 | |
| 13471006609 | understatement | the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. | 57 | |
| 13471010922 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 58 | |
| 13471010924 | theme | Central idea of a work of literature | 59 | |
| 13471011995 | thesis | a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. | 60 | |
| 13471013606 | predicate adjective | One type of subject complement--an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. | 61 | |
| 13471018186 | prose | refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech. Not poetry | 62 | |
| 13471032121 | repetition | the duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical patterns. | 63 | |
| 13471042927 | satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 64 | |
| 13471048102 | semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. | 65 | |
| 13471052024 | style | the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work | 66 | |
| 13471058402 | subject compliment | predicate nominative. the word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence. | 67 | |
| 13471066875 | rhetoric | the art of using language effectively and persuasively. Audience | 68 | |
| 13471071656 | rhetorical modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. Expository, narrative, argumentative, persuasive. | 69 | |
| 13471084678 | sarcasm | bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something | 70 | |
| 13471087915 | subordinate clause | has a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence, does not represent a complete thought. | 71 | |
| 13471091839 | syllogism | deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises. ex. 1. all men are mortal 2. Socrates is a man therefore Socrates is mortal | 72 | |
| 13471101224 | symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 73 | |
| 13519551763 | wit | intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights | 74 |
AP Language Vocabulary Unit 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11135656881 | ameliorate | to improve, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming | 0 | |
| 11135658941 | aplomb | poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity | 1 | |
| 11135663038 | bombastic | pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas | 2 | |
| 11135669888 | callow | without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers | 3 | |
| 11135669889 | drivel | (n.) saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense; (v.) to let saliva flow from the mouth; to utter nonsense or childish twaddle; to waste or fritter away foolishly | 4 | |
| 11135673051 | epitome | (n.) a summary, condensed account; an instance that represents a larger reality | 5 | |
| 11135673052 | exhort | (v.) to urge strongly, advise earnestly | 6 | |
| 11135676597 | ex officio | (adj., adv.) by virtue of holding a certain office | 7 | |
| 11135676598 | infringe | to violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds | 8 | |
| 11135676599 | ingratiate | (v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense) | 9 | |
| 11135680746 | interloper | one who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder | 10 | |
| 11135683434 | intrinsic | (adj.) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part | 11 | |
| 11135683435 | inveigh | (v.) to make a violent attack in words, express strong disapproval | 12 | |
| 11135685547 | lassitude | (n.) weariness of body or mind, lack of energy | 13 | |
| 11135685548 | millennium | (n.) a period of one thousand years; a period of great joy | 14 | |
| 11135685549 | occult | (adj.) mysterious, magical, supernatural; secret, hidden from view; not detectable by ordinary means; (v.) to hide, conceal; eclipse; (n.) matters involving the supernatural | 15 | |
| 11135688855 | permeate | (v.) to spread through, penetrate, soak through | 16 | |
| 11135688856 | precipitate | (v.) to fall as moisture; to cause or bring about suddenly; to hurl down from a great height, to give distinct form to; (adj.) characterized by excessive haste; (n.) moisture; the product of an action or process | 17 | |
| 11135692235 | stringent | (adj.) strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste | 18 | |
| 11135692236 | surmise | (v.) to think or believe without certain supporting evidence; to conjecture or guess; (n.) likely idea that lacks definite proof | 19 | |
| 11135692237 | benediction | a blessing | 20 | |
| 11135694837 | blasphemy | the act or offense of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred things; profane talk. | 21 | |
| 11135694838 | carrion | decaying flesh | 22 | |
| 11135694839 | connote | to suggest; to imply | 23 | |
| 11135698316 | demure | quiet and modest; reserved | 24 |
AP US History Period 4 Review Flashcards
AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Period 4: 1800 - 1848 Chapter 7 - 11
Terms : Hide Images
| 11371453130 | Second Great Awakening | Religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform. |  | 0 |
| 11371453164 | market revolution | Starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods. |  | 1 |
| 11371453165 | Thomas Jefferson | Washington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809. |  | 2 |
| 11371453166 | Battle of New Orleans | General Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States. |  | 3 |
| 11371453167 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. |  | 4 |
| 11371453131 | Jacksonian Democracy | The time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man. |  | 5 |
| 11371453168 | Indian Removal Act | President Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma. |  | 6 |
| 11371453169 | Romanticism in art and literature | Evoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent. |  | 7 |
| 11371453170 | Nullification Crisis | In 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina. |  | 8 |
| 11371453171 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. |  | 9 |
| 11371453172 | cotton gin | This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers. |  | 10 |
| 11371453173 | War Hawks | Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. | 11 | |
| 11371453132 | William Lloyd Garrison | Advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator." | 12 | |
| 11371453133 | Lucretia Mott | Early feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery. | 13 | |
| 11371453174 | Republican Motherhood/Cult of Domesticity | After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs. |  | 14 |
| 11371453134 | Sectionalism: The North | Largely urban population that worked in factories. | 15 | |
| 11371453135 | Sectionalism: The South | Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850. | 16 | |
| 11371453136 | Sectionalism: The West | Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others. | 17 | |
| 11371453137 | Democratic-Republicans | Favored the common man, weak central government, hated the National Bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion. | 18 | |
| 11371453138 | Federalists | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion. | 19 | |
| 11371453139 | National Republicans | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, favored internal improvements. | 20 | |
| 11371453140 | Whigs | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson. | 21 | |
| 11371453141 | Impressment | Practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy. | 22 | |
| 11371453142 | Treaty of Ghent | Ended the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum. | 23 | |
| 11371453143 | Oliver Hazard Perry | "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." Battle of Lake Erie. | 24 | |
| 11371453144 | Frances Scott Key | Wrote the Star Spangled banner at the Battle of Fort McHenry. | 25 | |
| 11371453175 | Monroe Doctrine | Warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. |  | 26 |
| 11371453176 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30. |  | 27 |
| 11371453145 | King Andrew | Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power. |  | 28 |
| 11371453177 | Nat Turner Rebellion | In 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. In retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt. |  | 29 |
| 11371453146 | Marbury v. Madison | Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review. |  | 30 |
| 11371453178 | American System | Henry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of: * Protective Tariffs: * National Bank * Internal Improvements |  | 31 |
| 11371453179 | The Lowell Mill Factory | The system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills. They were housed in company dormitories near the mills. | | 32 |
| 11371453180 | Seneca Falls Convention | In 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances. |  | 33 |
| 11371453181 | Transcendentalists | They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature. |  | 34 |
| 11371453182 | Trail of Tears | In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march. |  | 35 |
| 11371453183 | Hartford Convention (1814) | A meeting was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812; some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected. |  | 36 |
| 11371453147 | Panic 1837 | Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank. | 37 | |
| 11371453148 | Martin Van Buren | Became President after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jackson's popularity. Was faced with economic troubles. | 38 | |
| 11371453149 | Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! | William Henry Harrison's campaign slogan. | 39 | |
| 11371453150 | Tecumseh | He said, "They have pushed us from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further." Advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew British alliances. | 40 | |
| 11371453151 | The Prophet | Advocated relocation rather than fighting Americans westward progression in order to preserve remnants of Native culture. | 41 | |
| 11371453152 | The Embargo of 1807 | Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality. | 42 | |
| 11371453153 | Macon's Bill no. 2 | Allowed the US to trade with either Great Britain or France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first. | 43 | |
| 11371453154 | Adams-Onis Treaty | Grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens. | 44 | |
| 11371453155 | Old Hickory | Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans. |  | 45 |
| 11371453156 | Treaty of 1818 | Granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with Great Britain. | 46 | |
| 11371453157 | Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States. | 47 | |
| 11371453158 | John Q. Adams | Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay. | 48 | |
| 11371453159 | The Tariff of 1828 | Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing. | 49 | |
| 11371453160 | Force Bill | Permitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent South Carolina from secession. | 50 | |
| 11371453161 | Henry Clay | Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks. | 51 | |
| 11371453162 | Virginia Dynasty | Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe |  | 52 |
| 11371453163 | Results of the War of 1812 | -American Nationalism -War Heroes -Death of the Federalist Party | 53 |
apes review Flashcards
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| 16328919032 | 6 kingdoms | Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, anamalia | 0 | |
| 16328919033 | Aldo Leopold | -Wrote "A Sand County Almanac" -Promoted a "Land Ethic" in which human are responsible for nature -The book was published in 1948 after his death | 1 | |
| 16328919034 | Charles Darwin | English scientist in the 1800's who worked on the Galapagos Islands on the HMS Beagle. Wrote "On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection" Believed that species eveolve through natural selection and mutation | 2 | |
| 16328919035 | clear cutting | The process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once, reducing the biodiversity | 3 | |
| 16328919036 | compounds vs. mixtures | Compounds combine chemically while mixtures combine physically | 4 | |
| 16328919037 | continental plates | Has 3 boundaries -convergent: plates moving together -divergent: plates moving apart -transform: plates moving adjacent Part of continental drift theory by Wegener in 1915. He believed that Pangaea was a single landmass that gave rise to all other continents as it broke up | 5 | |
| 16328919038 | demographic transition model | A model of population growth as a country develops. Has 5 different states: preindustrial, transitional, industrial, post industrial, declining |  | 6 |
| 16328919039 | density independent | a limiting factor not based on the # of individuals includes catastrophes like freezing, fire, and volcanoes and other changes in weather | 7 | |
| 16328919040 | developed nations characteristics | -low IMR -low TFR -long life expectancy -high gender equality -high education -high caloric intake -developed economy | 8 | |
| 16328919041 | long line fishing | Fishing by dragging extremely long lines with baited hooks that are attached to a boat and unravelled. catches lots of bycatch | 9 | |
| 16355901197 | trawling fishing | fishing while scraping the ocean floor with a net behind. banned in the US and kills many benthos. destroys the ocean floor (reef, bed, and coral) | 10 | |
| 16355901196 | purse seine fishing | net that is dropped than circles fish and then is pulled to close the bag | 11 | |
| 16328919042 | ecology | study of relationships between an organism and its environments oikos=home | 12 | |
| 16328919043 | exothermic | an organism that controls body temperature by behavior and environment ex: basking alligators don't have to eat as much swing in temperature more very limited living areas | 13 | |
| 16328919044 | endothermic | an organism that controls it body temperature directly through metabolism | 14 | |
| 16328919045 | environmental science | the study of how humans interact with the environment | 15 | |
| 16328919046 | mutualism | (+/+) beneficial relationship between both organisms EX: ants and horned acacia tree EX: remora on shark | 16 | |
| 16382580966 | commensalism | (+,=) a relationship that benefits one organism and does not have an effect on the other EX: epiphytes on tree EX: moss on tree | 17 | |
| 16328919047 | CAFO | Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations AKA factory farming -animals living in warehouses w/ little to no sunlight and antibiotic heavy | 18 | |
| 16328919048 | Thomas Malthus | wrote "Essay on the Principle of Population" and predicted that humans would grow exponentially while food would grow arithmetically -incorrect because the green revolution meant that food grew exponentially | 19 | |
| 16328919049 | exponential growth | Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population. This is how world population growth grew |  | 20 |
| 16328919050 | Haber process | converts atmospheric N2 into ammonia compounds used in soil and fertilizer | 21 | |
| 16328919051 | respiration and formula | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy done by non-plants releases carbon dioxide and water | 22 | |
| 16328919052 | industrial revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. | 23 | |
| 16328919053 | Garret Hardin | -published "The Tragedy of the Commons" in 1968 -argued that rational people will exploit resources -published in the journal science | 24 | |
| 16328919054 | infant mortality rates | deaths per 1000 live births within the first year of life | 25 | |
| 16328919055 | irrigation systems | 1. flood/furrow irrigation -most of the water is wasted in run-off, percolation, evaporation -leads to soil salinization because of evaporation 2. sprinkler -most evaporates -center pivot is used 3. tickle drip/microirrigation -have water come out near base of plant to decrease evaporation -uncommon because water is too cheap | 26 | |
| 16328919056 | ISLE ROYALE | moose/wolf predator prey relationship in lake superior michigan overpredations caused moose population to collapse carrying capacity reached when wolves came over | 27 | |
| 16328919057 | lamprey | ectoparasite that latches on to marine animals to steal nutrients | 28 | |
| 16328919058 | limiting factors in population | Population growth and maintenance of a species is dependent on these. Individuals within the species that are unable to acquire the minimum requirement of resources are unable to reproduce. leads to the carrying capacity being reached. includes density dependent on independent (food water, weather, space, crowding, raw materials, etc) | 29 | |
| 16328919059 | logistic growth | Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth once carrying capacity is reached |  | 30 |
| 16328919060 | developing nations characteristics | high IMR high TFR short life expectancy low gender equality low education lack of calories/water poor economy lots of child labor | 31 | |
| 16328919061 | Hoover Dam | A dam built in the 1930s, with funding from the federal government, to control the Colorado River. Attempts to prevent water scarcity/sharing | 32 | |
| 16328919062 | oceanic plates | Thin plates that form the ocean floor; more dense than continental plates. Made of basalt | 33 | |
| 16328919063 | density dependent | limiting factor based on # of individuals EX: food, raw materials, space, crowding, disease, interaction, nesting sites | 34 | |
| 16328919064 | natality | the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area | 35 | |
| 16328919065 | morbidity | the occurrence of disease and illness in a population. | 36 | |
| 16328919066 | photosynthesis and formula | 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 how plants receive energy releases oxygen and glucose | 37 | |
| 16328919067 | population pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. |  | 38 |
| 16328919068 | population growth models | mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment in time | 39 | |
| 16328919069 | potable water | water that is safe to drink, wash, and cook with | 40 | |
| 16328919070 | Rachel Carson | -published "Silent Spring" in 1962 -Heightened public awareness of DDT -wrote about bald eagles and biomagnification | 41 | |
| 16328919071 | drift net | almost invisible, large nets that float around in the ocean. catches lots of bycatch and is banned in the US | 42 | |
| 16328919072 | overgrazing | Destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover. Causes desertification and is popular in Brazil | 43 | |
| 16328919073 | rifa | exotic- red imported fire ant From South America Imported into US in contaminated agriculture Identified by E.O. Wilson Displaces native any species Spread exponentially | 44 | |
| 16328919074 | succession-primary | starts with soil formation with bare rock pioneer species are the first plant species that grow including lichen and soft tissue plants No soil is there- lava flow or retracted glacier | 45 | |
| 16328919075 | succession-secondary | has soil already and begins after a disturbance EX: fire and agriculture fields | 46 | |
| 16328919076 | rule of 70 | used to calculate doubling time. The formula 70/R can be used to approximate the doubling time of a population, where the annual growth rate is R%. | 47 | |
| 16328919077 | sustainability | The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained | 48 | |
| 16328919078 | sewage treatment | treats the effluent pipes through primary, secondary, and tertiary. it first removes large particles, then uses bacteria and chlorine to treat. and after uses chemical or vegetative absorption | 49 | |
| 16328919079 | wolves in Yellowstone | example of keystone species. coevolution between wolves and elk. coyote population inc. w/o wolves the river edge also developed. wolves needed | 50 | |
| 16328919080 | 7 most populated countries | 1. China 2. India 3. United States 4. Indonesia 5. Brazil 6. Pakistan 7. Nigeria | 51 | |
| 16328919081 | 3 exotic plants in everglades | 1. Melaleuca -Native to Australia -Creates thick groves and outcompetes natives 2. Australian Pine -Native to Australia 3. Brazilian Pepper -Native to Brazil -Birds can't eat berries and wipes out native grasses | 52 | |
| 16328919082 | abiotic factor | non-living parts of an organism's habitat | 53 | |
| 16328919083 | anthropocentric | human centered | 54 | |
| 16328919084 | biocentrism | life centered | 55 | |
| 16328919085 | biomass | the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume. | 56 | |
| 16328919086 | tropical rainforest | Forests in which rainfall is abundant - more that 200 cm (80 in) per year - and temperatures are warm or hot year-round. near the equator with a warm and wet climate. poor soil because too much nutrients | 57 | |
| 16405878168 | temperate rainforest | The cool, dense, rainy forests of the northern Pacific coast; enshrouded in fog much of the time; dominated by large conifers. distinct seasons. leaves shed | 58 | |
| 16405887898 | desert | only expanding biome. the hottest biome, but can also get cold temperatures in winter. Such temperature swings make this an extreme environment, where many animals have to burrow underground to find more stable temperatures in order to survive. Plants and animals here must be able to withstand long periods without water. | 59 | |
| 16405900821 | Tundra | a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen. A thick layer of ice lies just below the shallow soil (permafrost) all year around, and trees cannot penetrate it to anchor their roots. | 60 | |
| 16405900819 | Grassland | A biome found in the dry temperate interiors of continents. This biome is characterized by rich soil, moderate rainfall, a hot, dry climate, thick grasses, and herds of grazing animals. | 61 | |
| 16405900820 | Taiga | Biome in which the winters are cold but summers are mild enough to allow the ground to thaw. a region of evergreen, coniferous forest below the arctic and subarctic tundra regions | 62 | |
| 16405907578 | Savanna | enough seasonal rainfall so that trees can grow in open groups or singly throughout. The animals living here have long legs for escaping predators and usually are seen in herds. A combination of fire and grazing animals are important for maintaining the savannah. | 63 | |
| 16328919087 | basalt | oceanic crust and is more dense than granite which means that the oceanic plate goes beneath | 64 | |
| 16328919088 | competition intra and inter | -Intraspecific = interactions between members of the SAME species -Interspecific = associations between organisms of DIFFERENT species | 65 | |
| 16328919089 | desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. | 66 | |
| 16328919090 | food chain | A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | 67 | |
| 16328919091 | emigration - immigration | Emigration: Moving AWAY from home country. Immigration: Moving INTO a new home country | 68 | |
| 16328919092 | endemic species | species that are native to and found only within a limited area | 69 | |
| 16328919093 | everglades restoration project | 1. stop the nutrient input 2. remove the exotics 3. restore natural water flow patterns | 70 | |
| 16328919094 | exotic animal species in everglades | boas and pythons -Indo Maylay and other tropical rainforests cichlids AKA oscars -pet trade issue because aquarium fish released -displaces natives -south america and africa | 71 | |
| 16328919095 | Electrostatic Precipitators | A device used for removing particulates from smokestack emissions. The charged particles are attracted to an oppositely charged metal plate, where they are precipitated out of the air. | 72 | |
| 16328919096 | teratogen | any factor that can cause a birth defect. mercury is one and it biomagnifies up the food chain from tuna | 73 | |
| 16328919097 | tragedy of the commons | written by Garrett Hardin to show that available resources are over exploited by a community | 74 | |
| 16328919098 | exotic species | organisms that are not native to a particular area | 75 | |
| 16328919099 | gray water | the relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances. only lightly used | 76 | |
| 16328919100 | mercury | releases by coal stacks and is a teratogen that biomagnifies up the food chain | 77 | |
| 16328919101 | food web | A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains | 78 | |
| 16328919102 | extinction causes | - habitat loss/ fragmentation - commercial harvesting/ poaching - predator/ pest control - pets and decorative plants - pollution and climate change - introduced species | 79 | |
| 16328919103 | generalist | a species with a broad niche that can tolerate a wide range of conditions and can use a variety of resources | 80 | |
| 16328919104 | E O Wilson | Biologist who co-coined, with Robert MacArthur, the theory of island biogeography, which identifies factors that regulate species richness on islands. | 81 | |
| 16328919105 | herbivores | plant eaters | 82 | |
| 16328919106 | indicator species | Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded. example is the large mouth bass | 83 | |
| 16328919107 | keystone species | a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. | 84 | |
| 16328919108 | macronutrients | nirogen, phosphorus, and potassium. essential for plants | 85 | |
| 16328919109 | ecocentric | nature centered | 86 | |
| 16328919110 | isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons | 87 | |
| 16328919111 | parasitism endo and ecto | endo- inside like a tapeworm ecto- outside like a tick | 88 | |
| 16328919112 | biotic factor | A living part of an ecosystem | 89 | |
| 16328919113 | Natural rate of increase | the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate | 90 | |
| 16328919114 | exxon Valdez | Oil tanker that crashed in March 1989, considered largest U. S. oil spill, emptied 35,000 tons of oil off the coast of Alaska | 91 | |
| 16328919115 | periodic table | A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties | 92 | |
| 16328919116 | pig-brown tree snake-mongoose | all exotics introduced to an area. the pig was the US, the brown tree snake was introduced into guam and killed native birds and mongoose introduced into hawaii to control rats but took over | 93 | |
| 16328919117 | pH levels | Normal=7 Lower than 7= Acidic Higher than 7=Basic | 94 | |
| 16328919118 | population pyramids | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. | 95 | |
| 16328919119 | primary productivity | rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem | 96 | |
| 16328919120 | purple loosestrife | •Native to Eurasia brought to NA as an ornamental •outcompetes Native grasses •grazers can't eat it | 97 | |
| 16328919121 | patchwork clearcutting | forest harvest method-patches of trees-clear cut among patches of timber left untouched | 98 | |
| 16328919122 | selective tree harvest | removes the largest and highest quality trees of the most desirable species | 99 | |
| 16328919123 | specialist | A consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms. | 100 | |
| 16328919124 | subsidy | A government payment that supports a business or market | 101 | |
| 16328919125 | slash and burn | A farming method involving the cutting of trees, then burning them to provide ash-enriched soil for the planting of crops | 102 | |
| 16328919126 | Ogallala Aquifer | World's largest aquifer; under parts of Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas (the Midwest). Holds enough water to cover the U.S. with 1.5 feet of water. Being depleted for agricultural and urban use. | 103 | |
| 16328919127 | tropic pyramid | A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among tropic levels. lose 90% of energy going up | 104 | |
| 16328919128 | charcoal | fuel resource used in developing world cities. with cattle grazing, one of the top causes of tropical forest removal | 105 | |
| 16328919129 | safe drinking water act | set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants that may have adverse effects on human health. | 106 | |
| 16328919130 | 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics | The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law of thermodynamics states that the heat of any isolated system always increases. | 107 | |
| 16328919131 | MVA | minimum viable area. about a space a species requires. high in polar bears and orangutans | 108 | |
| 16328919132 | biomagnification | the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed. | 109 | |
| 16328919133 | biodiversity | the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. | 110 | |
| 16328919134 | biological control | the intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population | 111 | |
| 16328919135 | BLM-National Park service | Bureau of Land Management and protects parts of the United States nature | 112 | |
| 16328919136 | BOD | biological oxygen demand, amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials | 113 | |
| 16328919137 | chestnut tree blight | •From Asia •Introduced to NA along w/ornamentals •loss of all American chestnut trees in the wild | 114 | |
| 16328919138 | CITES | A 1973 treaty formed to control the international trade of threatened plants and animals. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species | 115 | |
| 16328919139 | deepwater Horizon | A 2010 oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico as a result of the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. | 116 | |
| 16328919140 | culling | process of eliminating less productive or less desirable prey from the herd | 117 | |
| 16328919141 | current pop growth rate-world | 1.1% | 118 | |
| 16328919142 | current population world | 7.7 billion | 119 | |
| 16328919143 | DDT | An insecticide that bioaccumulates in ecosystems and has toxic effects on many vertebrates; implicated in illnesses and environmental problem; harmed bald eagles; now banned in the US. | 120 | |
| 16328919144 | e. Coli (Coliform) | found in fecal coliform bacteria to show sewage issue and is an indicator species | 121 | |
| 16328919145 | ecological footprint | the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. | 122 | |
| 16328919146 | Carbon Footprint | the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or location | 123 | |
| 16328919147 | endangered species act | (1973) identifies threatened and endangered species in the U.S., and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations | 124 | |
| 16328919148 | estuary | A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean. | 125 | |
| 16328919149 | Florida Everglades | -Damage from being drained, diverted, paved over, nutrient pollution from agriculture, invasive species -1990 - Comprehensive Everglades Restoration - removes canals and levees / restores curving flow of half of the Kisimmee River | 126 | |
| 16328919150 | GMO | Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different organism. | 127 | |
| 16328919151 | Granite | continental crust | 128 | |
| 16328919152 | habitat fragmentation | Splitting of ecosystems into small fragments, drastically reduces biodiversity | 129 | |
| 16328919153 | Half life calculation | Amount remaining divided by 2 | 130 | |
| 16328919154 | HIPPO | Habitat loss and fragmentation Introduction of invasive/exotic species Pollution Population growth of humans Overconsumption | 131 | |
| 16328919155 | HIV | A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. extremely prevalent in sub-saharan africa | 132 | |
| 16328919156 | largest terrestrial biome | taiga/conifer forest | 133 | |
| 16328919157 | lichen | symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism | 134 | |
| 16328919158 | Limestone | a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals CaCO3 | 135 | |
| 16328919159 | migratory waterfowl | important to keeping wetlands intact. migrate south to warmer regions in search of food and habitat important in florida | 136 | |
| 16328919160 | mimicry | morphological adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages | 137 | |
| 16328919161 | maximum sustainable yield (MSY) | the maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource | 138 | |
| 16328919162 | natural gas | A gas with high methane content, found along with various fossil fuels and is used as a fuel. | 139 | |
| 16328919163 | NPP and GPP | (NPP) = GPP - RA net and gross primary productivity | 140 | |
| 16328919164 | plate tectonics | The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. | 141 | |
| 16328919166 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Transcendentalist (believed that one could find spirituality in nature), wrote about nature. Seen as an early environmentalist. Wrote an essay "Nature". John Muir | 142 | |
| 16328919167 | ranking of productivity by biome | desert, tundra, temperate grassland, savanna, coniferous forest, deciduous temperate forest, estuary, tropical rainforest | 143 | |
| 16328919168 | red cockaded woodpecker | keystone species because of cavity pecking behavior in pine trees that allow other species to move in. creates opportunity for increase biodiveristy | 144 | |
| 16328919169 | second growth timber | A stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession. These forests develop after the trees in an area have been removed by human activities or by natural forces (fire, hurricanes, volcanic eruption,etc) | 145 | |
| 16328919170 | second law of thermodynamics | when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat) | 146 | |
| 16328919171 | sinkholes | a large surface crater caused by the collapse of an underground channel or cavern; often triggered by groundwater withdrawal | 147 | |
| 16328919172 | soil salinization | in arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind. (ex. Fertile crescent, southwestern US) | 148 | |
| 16328919173 | songbirds | In Yellowstone, the elk population increased because the wolf population decreased, the riparian zone were eaten by the elk and was overconsumed. When the wolf was returned, the eating habits changed, meaning that the trees started to grow there, increasing songbird population | 149 | |
| 16328919174 | three gorges dam | A dam being built over the Yangtze river It will be the world's biggest dam. | 150 | |
| 16328919175 | trophic pyramid | A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among trophic levels | 151 | |
| 16328919176 | Types of light bulbs | incandescent light bulbs commonly used in homes; a thin wire called a filament carries electricity; about 2% of electrical energy is changed into light . compact fluorescent light bulbs Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) are small fluorescent light bulbs that use up to 75% less energy than a traditional incandescent bulb light emitting diode bulb (LED) A diode that will produce light when current flows through it. | 152 | |
| 16328919177 | urban farming | The growing of fruits, herbs, and vegetables and raising animals in towns and cities, a process that is accompanied by many other activities such as processing and distributing food, collecting and reusing food waste. | 153 | |
| 16328919178 | clean water act | (CWA, 1972) set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways; aims to make surface waters swimmable and fishable | 154 |
Flashcards
AP US History: Chapter 12 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15505057098 | All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812 EXCEPT | their numbers were large enough that they did not have to rely on the militia | 0 | |
| 15505057099 | America's campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 was | poorly conceived because it split-up the military | 1 | |
| 15505057100 | Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because | British forces were weakest there | 2 | |
| 15505057101 | British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in | Florida | 3 | |
| 15505057102 | The Battle of New Orleans | unleashed a wave of nationalism and self-confidence | 4 | |
| 15505057103 | One result of the American naval victories during the War of 1812 was | a British naval blockade of the American coast | 5 | |
| 15505057104 | When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was | militarily unprepared | 6 | |
| 15505057105 | The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as | much better than that of the army | 7 | |
| 15505057106 | The British attack on Fort McHenry | inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" | 8 | |
| 15505057107 | The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of | New Orleans | 9 | |
| 15505057108 | Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of | Plattsburgh | 10 | |
| 15505057109 | The Battle of New Orleans | saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson's soldiers | 11 | |
| 15505057110 | At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons EXCEPT | the American victory at New Orleans | 12 | |
| 15505057111 | The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for | a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared | 13 | |
| 15505057112 | The resolutions from the Hartford Convention | helped to cause the death of the Federalist Party | 14 | |
| 15505057113 | In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall | favored "loose construction" | 15 | |
| 15505057114 | John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in | McCulloch v. Maryland | 16 | |
| 15505057115 | In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of | states' rights | 17 | |
| 15505057116 | People moved into the Old Northwest for all of the following reasons EXCEPT | as a haven for runaway slaves | 18 | |
| 15505057117 | Settlers from the South who moved into the Old Northwest territory were known as | Butternuts | 19 | |
| 15505057118 | When moving to the Old Northwest, settlers from the North wanted to do all of the following EXCEPT | oppose increased taxes to fund their programs | 20 | |
| 15505057119 | John Marshall's ruling upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in | Fletcher v. Peck | 21 | |
| 15505057120 | The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was | John Quincy Adams | 22 | |
| 15505057121 | The Treaty of 1818 with England | called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects | 23 | |
| 15505057122 | Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining | Possession of Florida from the Spanish | 24 | |
| 15505057123 | Spain sold Florida to the United States because it | could not defend the area and would lose it in any case | 25 | |
| 15505057124 | Britain opposed Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because | the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade | 26 | |
| 15505057125 | The doctrine of non-colonization in the Monroe Doctrine was | a response to the apparent designs of the Russians in Alaska and Oregon | 27 | |
| 15505057126 | At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was | incapable of being enforced by the United States | 28 | |
| 15505057127 | Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as | unconcerned or unimpressed | 29 | |
| 15505057128 | The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at ( two numbers) | 54 40' | 30 | |
| 15505057129 | The Monroe Doctrine was | an expression of the illusion of deepening American isolationism from world affairs | 31 | |
| 15505057130 | From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was | of little importance | 32 | |
| 15505057131 | In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812 bred | greater American independence | 33 | |
| 15505057132 | The outcome of the War of 1812 was | a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States | 34 | |
| 15505057133 | The Rush-Bagot agreement | limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes | 35 | |
| 15505057134 | After the War of 1812, Europe | returned to conservativism, illiberalism, and reaction | 36 | |
| 15505057135 | One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was | a heightened spirit of nationalism | 37 | |
| 15505057136 | One of the nationally recognized American authors in the 1820s was | Washington Irving | 38 | |
| 15505057137 | Post-War of 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following EXCEPT | a revival of American religion | 39 | |
| 15505057138 | At the end of the War of 1812, British manufacturers | began dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices | 40 | |
| 15505057139 | The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history | that aimed to protect American industry | 41 | |
| 15505057140 | Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from | the West | 42 | |
| 15505057141 | New England opposed the American System's federally constructed roads because | they would drain away needed population to the West | 43 | |
| 15505057142 | Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because | they believed that it was unconstitutional | 44 | |
| 15505057143 | The Era of Good Feelings | was a misnomer, because the period was a troubled one | 45 | |
| 15505057144 | With the demise of the Federalist Party | the Democratic-Republicans established one-party rule | 46 | |
| 15505057145 | The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following EXCEPT | inflation | 47 | |
| 15505057146 | One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was | overspeculation in frontier lands | 48 | |
| 15505057147 | The western land boom resulted from all of the following EXCEPT | the construction of railroad lines west of the Mississippi River | 49 | |
| 15505057148 | One of the demands made by the West to help to grow was | cheap money | 50 | |
| 15505057149 | When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union, the South thought that the amendment | would threaten the sectional balance | 51 | |
| 15505057150 | The first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was | Missouri | 52 | |
| 15505057151 | As a result of the Missouri Compromise | slavery was banned north of 36^o 30' in the Louisiana Purchase territory | 53 | |
| 15505057152 | All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise EXCEPT that | sectionalism was reduced | 54 |
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