AP US History American Pageant Chapter 38 Flashcards
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| 9591780014 | Vietnamization | A war policy in Vietnam initiated by Nixon in June of 1969. This strategy called for dramatic reduction of U.S. troops followed by an increased injection of S. Vietnamese troops in their place. A considerable success, this plan allowed for a drop in troops to 24,000 by 1972. . This policy became the cornerstone of the so-called "Nixon Doctrine". | 0 | |
| 9591780015 | Nixon Doctrine | During the Vietnam War, this was created. It stated that the United States would honor its exisiting defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops. Help countries to help themselves | 1 | |
| 9591780016 | Silent Majority | A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s. Used to describe those who where for the Vietnam war | 2 | |
| 9591780017 | My Lai | 1968, American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in this village, also led to more opposition to the war. | 3 | |
| 9591780018 | Kent State University | An Ohio university where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4, 1970, wounding nine and killing four | 4 | |
| 9591780019 | Pentagon Papers | ..., A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War | 5 | |
| 9591780020 | Detente | A lessening of tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union. Besides disarming missiles to insure a lasting peace between superpowers, Nixon pressed for trade relations and a limited military budget. The public did not approve | 6 | |
| 9591780021 | Miranda Warning | A series of statements informing criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to counsel: required by Supreme Court's 1966 decision in Miranda v. Arizona | 7 | |
| 9591780022 | Philadelphia Plan | Required construction-trade unions working on the federal pay roll to establish "goals and timetables" for black employees. This plan changed the definition of "affirmative action" to include preferable treatment on groups, not individuals | 8 | |
| 9591780023 | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | Respecting pollution prevention and the protection of the environment and human health in order to contribute to sustainable development. | 9 | |
| 9591780024 | Earth Day | A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970 | 10 | |
| 9591780025 | Southern Strategy | Nixon's plan to persuade conservative southern white voters away from the Democratic party | 11 | |
| 9591780026 | War Powers Act | Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort | 12 | |
| 9591780027 | Henry A. Kissinger | National Security adviser, Most effective foreign policy negotiator helped ease tension between USSR and China | 13 | |
| 9591780028 | Warren E. Burger | Supreme Court justice during the Nixon administration. He was chosen by Nixon because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution. He presided over the extremely controversial case of abortion in Roe vs. Wade | 14 | |
| 9591780029 | Rachel Carson | United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964) | 15 | |
| 9591780030 | George McGovern | A Senator from South Dakota who ran for President in 1972 on the Democrat ticket. His promise was to pull the remaining American troops out of Vietnam in ninety days which earned him the support of the Anti-war party, and the working-class supported him, also. He lost however to Nixon | 16 | |
| 9591780031 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | federal law that banned racial discrimination in public facilities and strengthened the federal government's power to fight segregation in schools. Title VII of the act prohibited employers from discriminating based on race in their hiring practices, and empowered the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to regulate fair employment | 17 | |
| 9591780032 | affirmative action | program designed to redress historic racial and gender imbalances in jobs and education, the term grew from an executive order issued by JFK in 1961 mandating that projects paid for with federal funds could not discriminate based on race in their hiring practices. In the 1960s, President Nixon's Philadelphia Plan changed the meaning of affirmative action to require attention to certain groups, rather protect individuals against discrimination | 18 | |
| 9591780033 | Great Society | President Lyndon Johnson's term for his domestic agenda that was billed as a successor to the New Deal, it aimed to extend the postwar prosperity to all people in American society by promoting civil rights and fighting poverty, including programs such as the War on Poverty (expanded the Social Security system by creating Medicare and Medicaid to provide health care for the aged and poor). Johnson also signed laws protecting consumers and empowering community organizations to combat poverty at grassroots level | 19 | |
| 9591780034 | Freedom Summer | a voter registration drive in Mississippi spearheaded by the collaboration of civil rights groups, the campaign drew the activism of thousands of black and white civil rights workers, many of whom were students from the north, and was marred by the abduction and murder of three such workers at the hands of white racists | 20 | |
| 9591780035 | Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party | political party organized by civil rights activists to challenge Mississippi's delegation to the Democratic National Convention, who opposed the civil rights planks in the party's platform. Claiming a mandate to represent the true voice of Mississippi, where almost no black citizens could vote, it demanded to be seated at the convention but were denied by party bosses. The effort was both a setback to civil rights activism in the south and a motivation to continue to struggle for black voting rights | 21 | |
| 9591780036 | Voting Rights act of 1965 | legislation pushed through Congress by President Johnson that prohibited ballot-denying tactics, such as literacy tests and intimidation. It was a successor to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and sought to make racial disenfranchisement explicitly illegal | 22 | |
| 9591780037 | Black Panther party | organization of armed black militants formed in Oakland, California, in 1966 to protect black rights. They represented a growing dissatisfaction with the non-violent wing of the civil rights movement, and signaled a new direction to that movement after the legislative victories of 1964-1965 | 23 | |
| 9591780038 | Black Power | doctrine of militancy and separatism that rose in prominence after 1965, its activists rejected Martin Luther King's pacifism and desire for integration. Rather, they promoted pride in African heritage and an often militant position in defense of their rights | 24 | |
| 9591780039 | Six-Day War | military conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, the war ended with an Israeli victory and territorial expansion into the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, and the West Banks. This war was a humiliation for several Arab states, and the territorial disputes it created formed the basis for continued conflict in the region | 25 | |
| 9591780040 | Stonewall Rebellion | uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar in New York. The rebellion led to rise in activism and militancy within the gay community and furthered the sexual revolution of the late 1960s | 26 | |
| 9591780041 | Students for a Democratic Society | a campus-based political organization founded in 1961 by Tom Hayden that became an iconic representation of the New Left. Originally geared toward the intellectual promise of "participatory democracy," SDS emerged at the forefront of the civil rights, antipoverty, and anitwar movements during the 1960s | 27 | |
| 9591780042 | Malcolm X | black militant, radical minister, and spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964. Having eschewed his family name "Little," he preached of doctrine of no compromise with white society. He was assassinated in New York City in 1965 | 28 | |
| 9591780043 | Eugene McCarthy | Liberal anti-war senator from Minnesota who rallied a large youth movement behind his presidential campaign in 1968. Challenging sitting president Johnson in the New Hampshire primary, he captured 41% of the vote and helped ensure that Johnson would quit the race | 29 | |
| 9591780044 | George C. Wallace | Southern populist and and segregationist, as governor of Alabama, he famously defended his state's policies of racial segregation. He ran for president several times as a Democrat, but achieved his greatest influence when he ran as a third-party canidate in 1968, winning five states | 30 |
