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Flashcards

AP Psych Flashcards

15793715330	Ishihara Test	This measures color blindness.	0
15793715331	Signal Detection Theory	This theory explains that although we have absolute thresholds for our senses, at times we are more tuned in because of our arousal, and may be able to detect things beyond our normal absolute threshold for our senses.	1
15793715332	Tympanic Membrane	This is the term for the eardrum.	2
15793715333	Opponent Process Theory	This is the theory of color vision that sensory receptors come in pairs and that if one color is stimulated, the other is inhibited.	3
15793715334	Synethesia	This is the neurological joining of the senses.	4
15793715335	Psychophysics	The study of the connection between physical stimulation in the environment and the psychological experience of those stimuli, including perception of sensation.	5
15793715336	Phantom Limb Syndrome	This is the term that refers to the feelings of pain, tickling, itching, etc in areas where limbs have been severed.	6
15793715337	Visual Capture	This refers to the dominance of vision over all other senses.	7
15793715338	Constancy	This refers to how we continue to see a door as rectangular, even as the door opens and no longer appears to be rectangular.	8
15793715339	Sensory Adaptation	This is the term for diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.	9
15793715340	Habituation	This is the term for when you get used to a sensation and stop noticing it.	10
15793715341	Fovea	This is the part of the retina where cones are clustered and vision is the sharpest.	11
15793715342	Human Factors	This is the study of how to design products to be safer for the user.	12
15793715343	Pheromones	These are sexual chemical messengers picked up by the olfactory sense.	13
15793715344	Ear Drum	This is after the pinna in the order for transduction in the ear.	14
15793715345	Pinna	First part of the ear in the order of auditory transduction.	15
15793715346	Ossicles	This is the broad term for the bones in the ear.	16
15793715347	Anvil	In the middle ear; first ossicle in the order of transduction	17
15793715348	Hammer	In the middle ear; second ossicle in the order of transduction	18
15793715349	Stirrup	In the middle ear; last ossicle in the order of transduction	19
15793715350	Incus	The technical name for the first ossicle in the middle ear.	20
15793715351	Malleus	The technical name for the second ossicle in the middle ear	21
15793715352	Stapes	The technical name for the last ossicle in the middle ear	22
15793715353	Oval Window	This is the opening at the head of the cochlea, that connects the middle and inner ear.	23
15793715354	Vestibular Window	This is the technical name for the opening at the head of the cochlea.	24
15793715355	Cochlea	This is the coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses; it vibrates.	25
15793715356	Basilar Membrane	This is the mucus covering inside the cochlea that contains the hair cells (cilia).	26
15793715357	Cilia	These are located in the basilar membrane; these hairs vibrate.	27
15793715358	Organ of Corti	This is the exact spot in the basilar membrane where hair cell vibrations turn into neural impulses and are then sent to the auditory nerve; where transduction occurs in the ear.	28
15793715359	Auditory Nerve	This is the next place that neural impulses go after the Organ of Corti before they pass to the thalamus	29
15793715360	Thalamus (ear)	This is where neural impulses are sent after passing through the auditory nerve.	30
15793715361	Temporal Lobes	This is the final place where transduction occurs in the ear and is the auditory center of the brain.	31
15793715362	Photoreceptors	Rods and cones are types of what?	32
15793715363	Nocioceptors	These are specialized pain receptors in the skin, muscles, and internal organs.	33
15793715364	Substance P	This is the neurotransmitter that is involved in the transmission of pain messages to the brain.	34
15793715365	Endorphin	This is the transmitter that helps to alleviate pain.	35
15793715366	Gate Control Theory	This is the idea that there is a neural gate that only allows some pain signals to be sensed.	36
15793715367	Bottom-Up	This is the processing that begins with sensory information and works up to the brain to recognize meaningful objects and events.	37
15793715368	Inattentional	This kind of blindness refers to failing to see visible objects because our attention is not on those objects.	38
15793715369	Change	This type of blindness refers to failing to notice changes in the environment.	39
15793715370	Pop-Out Phenomenon	This is the when striking distinct stimulus draws your eye.	40
15793715371	Difference Threshold	Refers to the minimal difference that can be detected between two similar stimuli.	41
15793715372	Just Noticeable Difference	This is measured by Weber's Law stating that a 10% difference is needed for a difference threshold.	42
15793715373	Iris	This is the colored muscle of the eye that controls the pupil; comes after the cornea in the order of transduction.	43
15793715374	Cornea	This is the curved, transparent, protective layer through which light rays enter the eye; first part in the order of transduction	44
15793715375	Pupil	This is the center of the eye, allows light to enter; controls amount of light is allowed into the eye; after cornea in order of transduction.	45
15793715376	Lens	This is the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina; after the iris/pupil in the order of transduction.	46
15793715377	Retina	This is the back part of the eye where the photoreceptors are and where transduction occurs; comes after the lens in the order of transduction.	47
15793715378	Rods	Photoreceptor that is located in the periphery part of the retina, detects black, white and gray, and is sensitive to dim light.	48
15793715379	Cones	Photoreceptor that is near the center of the retina, detects very fine detail and color vision, and is best in well-lit conditions.	49
15793715380	Bipolar	These cells transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglionic cells	50
15793715381	Ganglionic	These cells receive visual information from photoreceptors and come after bipolar cells in the order of transduction.	51
15793715382	Optic Nerve	This is the part of the eye that is made up of the axons of the ganglion cells that carry information from the eye to the thalamus.	52
15793715383	Thalamus (eye)	This is where neural impulses from the optic nerve are sent.	53
15793715384	Occipital Lobes	This is the final part of transduction in the eye; these are the visual center of the brain.	54
15793715385	Optic Chiasm	This is the spot where the optic nerves cross in the brain	55
15793715386	Optic Disk	This is the technical term for where the optic nerve leaves the eye.	56
15793715387	Blind Spot	This is the simplified term for where there are no rods or cones present.	57
15793715388	Feature Detectors	Respond to specific things such as edges, lines, angles, and movements.	58
15793715389	David Hubel and Torsten Weisel	Discovered feature detectors (alphabetically)	59
15793715390	Parallel Processing	This refers to the ability to process several things simultaneously such as movement, depth, color, and shape.	60
15793715391	Young-Helmholtz	This theory holds that the retina contains color receptors for red, green, and blue; believe being blind is caused by the lack of cones for specific colors.	61
15793715392	Trichromatic Theory	This is another name for the theory proposed by Helmholtz that any color can be created by combining the light waves of three primary colors.	62
15793715393	Place	This is Helmholt'z theory of pitch that states that we hear different pitches at different places on the cochlea's basilar membrane.	63
15793715394	Frequency Theory	This is the idea that all the hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, but at different speeds.	64
15793715395	Sensorineural Deafness	This is caused by damage to the cilia (hair cells) that are in the cochlea; also called nerve or neural; can be helped by use of a cochlear implant.	65
15793715396	Conductive Deafness	This refers to when the signal is not getting to the cochlea; can be helped sometimes by a hearing aid.	66
15793715397	Olfactory Bulb	The sense of smell is aided by what?	67
15793715398	Vestibular	This sense is our sense of balance.	68
15793715399	Semicircular Canals	The fluid in this part of the ear aids in our sense of balance.	69
15793715400	Cerebellum	This is the part of the brain that controls balance.	70
15793715401	Sensory Interaction	This is the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food enhances taste.	71
15793715402	Gustation	This is our sense of taste.	72
15793715403	Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami	This is the five basic tastes, in order of the tongue.	73
15793715404	Kinesthetic	This sense allows us to use and to know where our body parts are without having to look at them.	74
15793715405	Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk	These are the psychologists that studied toddlers' depth perception in the Visual Cliff Experiment.	75
15793715406	Stroboscopic Effect	This is the technical term for the phi phenomenon where someone will see movement even though there is no motion.	76
15793715407	Flipbook Effect	This is another term for the phi phenomenon that movement is perceived without it actually being there.	77
15793715408	Binocular Cues	These needs both eyes to be detected.	78
15793715409	Retinal Disparity	This is the binocular cue of perceiving depth by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes and computing distance.	79
15793715410	Convergence	This is the binocular cue that as an object comes closer our eyes have to come together to keep focused on it.	80
15793715411	Color Constancy	This is the ability to perceive colors of objects with a variance of light sources.	81
15793715412	Vomernasal Organ	This is the part of the olfactory system that is sensitive to pheromones.	82
15793715413	Proprioceptive Senses	These are the sensory systems that allow us to know about where we are and what each part of our body is doing.	83
15793715414	Weber's Law	This refers to the fact that it takes 10% or higher difference to notice a difference, not the amount per se.	84
15793715415	Fechner, Stevens, Weber	These are the three psychologists that created principles upon the difference threshold. (alphabetically)	85
15793715416	Boiled Frog Syndrome	This is a metaphor for our inability to react to gradual big changes.	86
15793715417	Prosopagnosia	This is the inability to recognize faces.	87
15793715418	Perceptual Set	This refers to the influence of prior assumptions and expectations on perceptual interpretations.	88
15793715419	Umami	This is the taste that recognizes a meaty texture.	89
15793715420	Parapsychology	This is a field of psychology that seeks to scientifically explain what it currently cannot.	90
15793715421	Koffka, Kohler, Wertheimer	These were early pioneers in Gestalt Psychology. (alphabetically)	91
15793715422	Transduction	This is the term for when sensory information becomes a neural impulse.	92
15793715423	Phi Phenomenon	This is the perception of motion when there is none.	93
15793715424	Psi Phenomenon	This is the term for puported paranormal happenings that include ESP and PK.	94
15793715425	Pareidolia	This is seeing meaning where there is no meaning.	95
15793715426	Opponent Process	This theory holds that when one color cone is stimulated, the opposite color cone is inhibited, which explains afterimages.	96
15793715427	Cocktail Party Phenomenon	This refers to the fact that we can listen to one conversation among many; a type of selective attention.	97
15793715428	Stroop Effect	This refers to the difficulty many people have in reading the words for colors when the font of the color is different from the word written.	98
15793715429	cold, pain, pressure, hot	These are the four somatosensations (alphabetically)	99
15793715430	Figure Ground Relationship	This refers to the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.	100
15793715431	Cochlea Implant	This is a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.	101
15793715432	Law of Pragnanz	This is the Gestalt rule that the simplest, most obvious option is what we tend to see.	102
15793715433	ROY G BIV	This is the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light, what we know as the color names blue, red, orange, etc..	103
15793715434	Papillae	These are the bumps on your tongue that have taste buds on them.	104
15793715435	10	According to Weber's Law, for a difference threshold to be reached it requires what percent change?	105
15793715436	Absolute Threshold	The weakest signal we can detect with any of our senses at least half of the time is known as what?	106
15793715437	Binding Problem	This is the combination of individual sensations into one percept.	107
15793715438	Hearing, sight, touch	These are the energy senses (generic and alphabetical)	108
15793715439	Smell, taste	These are the chemical senses (generic and alphabetical)	109
15793715440	Short	This wavelength has a blueish hue and produces high pitched sounds.	110
15793715441	Long	This wavelength has a reddish hue and produces low pitched souonds.	111
15793715442	Ganzfeld Procedure	This is the lab procedure used to test for ESP by reducing sensory distractors.	112
15793715443	Accomodation	This is the term for when the lens changes shape to focus.	113
15793715444	Decibels	The loudness of hearing is measured in what?	114
15793715445	85	Any prolonged sound over this decibel level will cause hearing loss.	115
15793715446	Vanishing Point	This is the spot where the two rails of a railroad track appear to touch in the distance.	116
15793715447	Dishabituation	This is when even a small change can get you to notice something you had become habituated to.	117
15793715448	Parietal Lobes	The somatosensory cortex is located where?	118
15793715449	Touch	The somatosensory cortex processes what sense?	119
15793715450	Volley	This is the theory that the cochlea combines multiple stimuli to process high frequency sounds that are too frequent for neurons to process.	120
15793715451	Learning Based Inference	This is the idea that we see what we expect to see.	121
15793715452	Herman von Helmhotz	Came up with learning based inference, trichromatic theory, place theory, and Herman's Grid.	122
15793715453	Law of Similarity	Gestalt principle that like objects will be perceived as being in the same group.	123
15793715454	Law of Proximity	Gestalt principle that objects that are closed together will be grouped together.	124
15793715455	Law of Common Fate	Gestalt principle that when all components of an element move together or blend together, they'll be grouped together.	125
15793715456	Continuity	Gestalt idea that objects that create a continuous for will be grouped together.	126
15793715457	Closure	Gestalt idea that we fill in gaps if we recognize them.	127
15793715458	Synesthesia	This is a joining of specific senses.	128
15793715459	Size Constancy	This refers to how we continue to see a person or object as the same size, even though context or distance may make them appear larger or smaller.	129
15793715460	Connectiveness	Gestalt idea that objects that are connected will be perceived as related.	130
15793715461	Relative Height	Monocular cue that says that things higher in our range of vision seem further away.	131
15793715462	Relative Size	Monocular cue that the largest of two of the same objects is closest.	132
15793715463	Interposition	Monocular cue that a nearer object will overlap an object further in the distance.	133
15793715464	Linear Perspective	Monocular cue that parallel lines converge in the distance.	134
15793715465	Relative Motion	Monocular cue that things that are closer are faster.	135
15793715466	Motion Parallax	Monocular cue associated with depth perceptional offers perceptual clues about distance and motion	136
15793715467	Texture Gradient	Monocular cue that things are coarser the closer they are.	137
15793715489	Ponzo Illusion		138
15793715490	Muller-Lyer Illusion		139
15793715491	Herman's Grid		140
15793715492	Kanizsa's Triangle		141
15793715468	Motion Perception	This is the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based upon visual, vestibular, and propioceptive inputs.	142
15793715469	Sensation	This is your window to the world.	143
15793715470	Perception	This is interpreting what comes in your window.	144
15793715471	Sensory Deprivation	Shown in Blakemore and Cooper's kitten experiment where one aspect of sense was stripped away.	145
15793715472	Selective Attention	This is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.	146
15793715473	Subliminal Stimulation	This is below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness and the feelings are fleeting and subtle.	147
15793715474	Ambiguous	There are different answers for what lies in these images.	148
15793715493	Poggendorff Illusion		149
15793715475	Ergonomics	This is a subcategory of human facts that focuses on the design of equipment in accordance to human capabilities and limitations.	150
15793715476	Brightness	This is the result of the fact that a wave gives us it's intensity.	151
15793715494	Ishihara Color Blindness Test		152
15793715477	Afterimage	These occur when our photoreceptors (cones) adapt from over stimulation and lose sensitivity.	153
15793715478	Frequency	This is the number of complete wavelengths that pass through a point at a give time; determines pitch	154
15793715479	Amplitude	Determined by the height of a wave; it is how loud the sound is; measured in decibels	155
15793715480	Pitch	Determined by the frequency of the wave	156
15793715481	Sound Localization	This is the ability to listen and identify the location/distance of the detected sound.	157
15793715482	Haptic Perception	This is the recognition of objects by touch.	158
15793715483	Melzak and Wall	Created the Gate Control Theory of Pain	159
15793715484	Telepathy	This is the idea of mind to mind communication.	160
15793715485	Clairvoyance	This is the idea of perceiving remote events.	161
15793715486	Precognition	This is the idea of perceiving future events.	162
15793715487	ESP	This is part of the Psi Phenomenon stationed in telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance.	163
15793715488	Psychokinesis	This is part of the Psi Phenomenon that believes in mind over matter and the ability to move external things.	164

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AP World - Dates to Know for AP Exam Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

13779139298	agriculture first developed in Eurasia	circa 8000 BCE	0
13779148413	Iron Age	1300 BCE	1
13779153441	Han Dynasty holds power in China	206 BCE - 220 CE	2
13779162331	Roman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity	312	3
13779173821	Western Roman Empire "falls"	476	4
13779177243	founding of Islam	622	5
13779182433	printing invented in China	circa 730	6
13779190690	Battle of Tours	732	7
13779193993	First Crusade	1095	8
13779199407	Mongols sack Baghdad ending the Abbasid Caliphate	1258	9
13779203512	Zheng He's Seven Voyages	1405-1433	10
13779212665	Ottomans capture Constantinople	1453	11
13779222986	printing press invented in Europe by Johann Gutenberg	1450s	12
13779228554	Christopher Columbus sails across Atlantic Ocean	1492	13
13779234254	discovery of silver at Potosi	1545	14
13779238228	Battle of Lepanto	1571	15
13779248197	Battle of Sekigahara - marks the beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate	1600	16
13779251026	Thirty Years War	1618-1648	17
13779257116	start of Qing Dynasty	1644	18
13779260077	invention of spinning jenny	1767	19
13779268025	Declaration of Independence begins American Revolution	1776	20
13779272672	Tanzimat Reforms are implemented in Ottoman Empire	1839-1878	21
13779394684	Commodore Perry "opens" Japan	1853	22
13779394686	Sepoy Mutiny	1857	23
13779490236	Suez Canal opens	1869	24
13779495091	Berlin Conference marks the beginning of the "Scramble for Africa"	1885	25
13779495092	Battle of Adwa	1896	26
13779497544	Russo-Japanese War	1904-1905	27
13779500911	World War 1	1914-1918	28
13779532179	Russian Revolution	1917	29
13779532180	World War 2	1939-1945	30
13779545058	Manhattan Project and bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	1945	31
13779545059	Partitioning of India and Pakistan	1947	32
13779548967	Birth of Israel	1948	33
13779553448	Chinese Communist Revolution	1949	34
13779559043	Sputnik launched by USSR	1957	35
13779559044	Iranian Revolution	1979	36
13779566506	Tiananmen Square Massacre	1989	37
13779566507	USSR disbands	1991	38
13779570222	9/11 attacks	2001	39

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AP Literature Flashcards

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9715784820	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning	0
9715784821	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
9715784822	allusion	indirect of passing reference	2
9715784823	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
9715784824	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character	4
9715784825	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character	5
9715784826	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
9715784827	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
9715784828	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
9715784829	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme	9
9715784830	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	10
9715784831	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	11
9715784832	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	12
9715784833	flat character	story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic	13
9715784834	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	14
9715784835	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	15
9715784836	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	16
9715784837	characterization	process of revealing characters personality	17
9715784838	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	18
9715784839	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny	19
9715784840	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	20
9715784841	connotation	secondary meaning to a word	21
9715784842	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	22
9715784843	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	23
9715784844	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	24
9715784845	denouement	final outcome of the story	25
9715784846	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	26
9715784847	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	27
9715784848	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	28
9715784849	double rhyme	rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)	29
9715784850	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	30
9715784851	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	31
9715784852	end stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	32
9715784853	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	33
9715784854	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	34
9715784855	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds	35
9715784856	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	36
9715784857	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	37
9715784858	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables	38
9715784859	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	39
9715784860	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	40
9715784861	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables	41
9715784862	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	42
9715784863	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	43
9715784864	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	44
9715784865	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
9715784866	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	46
9715784867	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	47
9715784868	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	48
9715784869	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	49
9715784870	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	50
9715784871	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	51
9715784872	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	52
9715784873	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	53
9715784874	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	54
9715784875	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	55
9715784876	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	56
9715784877	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	57
9715784878	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	58
9715784879	narrator	Person telling the story	59
9715784880	octave	8 line stanza	60
9715784881	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	61
9715784882	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	62
9715784883	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	63
9715784884	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	64
9715784885	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	65
9715784886	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	66
9715784887	plot	Sequence of events in a story	67
9715784888	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	68
9715784889	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	69
9715784890	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	70
9715784891	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	71
9715784892	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	72
9715784893	protagonist	Main character	73
9715784894	quatrain	A four line stanza	74
9715784895	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	75
9715784896	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	76
9715784897	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	77
9715784898	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	78
9715784899	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	79
9715784900	scansion	Analysis of verse into metrical patterns	80
9715784901	sestet	6 line stanza	81
9715784902	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	82
9715784903	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	83
9715784904	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	84
9715784905	sonnet	14 line poem	85
9715784906	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	86
9715784907	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	87
9715784908	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	88
9715784909	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	89
9715784910	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	90
9715784911	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	91
9715784912	tercet	3 line stanza	92
9715784913	terza rima	a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.	93
9715784914	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	94
9715784915	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	95
9715784916	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	96
9715784917	truncation	Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.	97
9715784918	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	98
9715784919	verse	A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	99
9715784920	vilanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	100

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APES Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

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11927483179	demography	Scientific study of human populations.	0
11927494876	immigration	Movement of individuals into a population	1
11927501320	emigration	Movement of individuals out of an area	2
11927510266	Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	The number of live births per year per 1,000 people.	3
11927515489	Crude Death Rate (CDR)	The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.	4
11927525052	Doubling Time	The number of years needed to double a population	5
11927539194	Halving Time	the time it would take for the population to be decreased by half	6
11927583701	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.	7
11927594924	Replacement-level fertility	The number of children that a woman/couple must have in order to replace the number of people in the population who die	8
11936397531	Developed Country	a country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income	9
11936408229	Developing Country	a country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income	10
11936416499	Life Expectancy	The average number of years an individual can be expected to live	11
11936427417	Infant Mortality	the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births	12
11936431809	Child Mortality	the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births	13
11936442367	Net Migration	the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants	14
11936448960	Age Structure Diagram	graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population	15
11936453871	Population Momentum	continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented	16
11936462584	Theory of Demographic Transition	as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth	17
11936467635	Affluence	wealth	18
11936471133	Family Planning	Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.	19
11936479692	IPAT equation	Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology	20
11936487241	Gross Domestic Product	a measure of the value of all products and services produced in a country in a year	21
11936503521	Thomas Malthus	1798 said human population can outgrow food supply; result will be war, famine, disease.	22
11936513866	Garrett Hardin	Wrote Tragedy of the Commons	23
11936517753	Tragedy of the Commons	(1968 Essay by Garrett Hardin) the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain	24
11936549049	Malthusian Trap	Malthus's prediction that a rapidly increasing population will overuse natural resources, leading inevitably to disaster	25