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THS AP World History Must Know Dates Flashcards

According to anonymous sources, the starred dates are the ones most likely to show up on the AP World History Exam.

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9636868625ca. 8000 BCEBeginnings of agriculture0
96368686263500 BCEInvention of wheel, plough (Mesopotamia) and sail (Egypt)1
96368686273200 BCEInvention of writing in Mesopotamia2
9636868628ca. 3000 BCEBeginnings of Bronze Age - early civ's3
96368686291300 BCEIron Age4
96368686306th Century BCELife of Buddha, Confucius, Laozi. Beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism5
96369755785th Cen. BCEGreek Golden Age - Philosophers6
9636980763403-221 BCEChina - Warring States Period7
9636868631323 BCEAlexander the Great8
9636868632221 BCEQin unified China (end of period of warring states)9
9636868633184 BCEFall of the Mauryan Dynasty10
963686863432 CEBeginnings of Christianity11
9636990141180 CEEnd of pax romana12
9636868636220 CEend of Han Dynasty13
9636868637312 CERoman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity14
9636868638320 CERise of the Gupta in India15
9636868639333 CERoman capital moved to Constantinople16
96368687304th CenturyBeginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes17
9636868640476 CEFall of Rome in the West ends 800 years of Roman Hegemony18
9636868641527 CEJustinian rules Byzantine Empire19
9636868642550 CEFall of the Gupta in India20
9636868643622 CE *Rise of Islam/beginning of Islamic calendar/hijrah21
9636868644ca. 730 CEPrinting invented in China22
9636868645732 CEBattle of Tours (end of Muslim move to France)23
9636868646ca. 900 CEDecline of classical Maya24
96368686471054 CESchism of Eastern Orthodox and Latin Roman Catholic Churches divides Christianity permanently into two geographical and denominational halves25
96368686481066 CENorman Conquest of England (William the Conqueror, the song)26
96370294611071 CEBattle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turns defeat Byzantine Army)27
96368686491095 CE1st Crusade28
96368686501206 CE *Genghis Khan begins Mongol conquest of Asia29
96368686511215 CEMagna Carta signed by King John at Runnymede: Beginning of constitutional rule30
96368686521258 CEMongols conquer Baghdad31
96368686531271-1295 CEMarco Polo travels32
96370434851279-1368 CEYuan (Mongol) dynasty in China33
96368686541300sRise of the Ottomans34
96368686551324 CEMansa Musa's pilgrimage/hajj35
96368686561325- 1349 CETravels of Ibn Battuta36
96368686571347- 1348 CEBubonic Plague in Europe37
96368686581405-1433 CEZheng He's voyages38
96368686591438 CERise of the Incas39
96368686601453 CE*Ottomans capture Constantinople40
96370572321450sGutenberg's printing press in Europe41
96368686611480s CEAztec Empire at its height42
96368686621488 CEDias rounded Cape of Good Hope43
96368686631492 CE*Columbus sailed to Hispaniola/ Reconquista of Spain44
96368686641502 CE*First African slaves transported to Caribbean45
96368686651517 CEMartin Luther (95 Theses, Protestant Reformation)46
96368686661521 CECortez conquered the Aztecs47
963706981715291st unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (under Suleiman)48
96368686671533 CEPizarro conquers Inca49
96368686681545 CE*Silver discovered at Potosi50
96368686691571 CEBattle of Lepanto- naval defeat of Ottomans51
96368686701588 CEDefeat of the Spanish Armada52
96368686711600 CE*beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate/Battle of Sekigahara53
96368686721607 CEFounding of Jamestown (first slaves there in 1619)54
96368686731618-1648 CE30 years war in Europe55
96368686741644 CEEnd of Ming Dynasty- rise of the Qing56
96368686751652 CEEstablishment of Cape Town Colony (Dutch)57
96368686761683 CE2nd unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna58
96368686771689 CEGlorious Revolution/ English Bill of Rights59
96368686781756-1763 CE7 years war/ French and Indian War60
96368686791760 CEAbout when the Industrial Revolution begins (steam locomotives, textiles, etc)61
96368686801767 CEInvention of the Spinning Jenny: man-using machines62
96368686811776 CEThe American Declaration of Independence63
96446852831776 CESmith writes "Wealth of Nations"64
96368686821789 CEFrench Revolution. The French Declaration of the RIghts of Man and Citizen (Olympe de Gouges' "Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen" in 1791)65
96368686831796 CEEdward Jenner's smallpox vaccination: the first real breakthrough in combating infectious diseases66
96368686841804 CE*Haitian Independence67
96368686851807 CEBritish abolition of the slave trade68
96447061721807-1808 CEJanissary Revolt69
96368686861810-1825 CELatin American independence (first Mexican Revolution)70
96368686871815 CEMetternich hosts Congress of Vienna (after Battle of Waterloo: The Napoleonic Empire ends)71
96368686881839 CE1st Opium War between China and England72
96447210961839-1878 CETanzimat Reforms73
96368686891848 CEEuropean Revolutions/ Marx and Engels write "Communist Manifesto"/ The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Conference74
96447342921848-1849 CEEuropean Revolutions75
96368686901853 CECommodore Perry opens Japan76
96368686911857 CE*Sepoy Mutiny in India77
96368686921861 CE*End of Russian serfdom by Alexander II/ Italian unification78
96447453431861-1865 CEU.S. Civil War79
96447525421861-1870 CEItalian Unification80
96368686931863 CE"Emancipation Proclamation" issued in US81
96368686941871 CEGerman unification82
96368686951885 CEBerlin Conference/Benz develops first petrol-driven car83
96368686961893 CENew Zealand first to give women suffrage (other nations in the Commonwealth soon follow)84
96368686971896 CEBattle of Adwa. Ethiopians fend of Italians85
96368686981898 CESpanish-American War- Spain loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Phillipines86
96368686991899 CEBoer War- Dutch under British rule in South Africa87
96368687001905 CE*Russo-Japanese War and Einstein's theory of special relativity published88
96368687011910-1920*Mexican Revolution89
96368687021911*Chinese Revolution (End of Qing)90
96368687031914-1919*World War I and Treaty of Versailles91
96368687041917*Russian Revolution92
96447890131918Armistice of WWI93
96368687311919Treaty of Versailles94
96447987191928Kellogg-Briand Pact95
96368687051929Stock Market Crash/ Great Depression96
96368687061931*Japanese invasion of Manchuria97
96368687071935Italian Invasion of Ethiopia98
96448077661937Japanese invasion of China99
96368687081939German Blitzkreig on Poland100
96368687091941Pearl Harbor101
96368687101943Soviets defeat Germans at Stalingrad102
96448208651945 (Feb)Yalta Conference103
96448282161945 (Aug)Hiroshima/Nagasaki104
96368687111945* (Sept)End of World War II105
96448425561947 (June)Truman Doctrine106
96368687121947* (Aug)Freedom and partition of India107
96368687131948*Birth of Israel and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights108
96448483841948-1949Berlin Blockade/Airlift109
96448587671949 (Apr)NATO founded110
96368687141949*Chinese Communist Revolution111
96368687151950-1953Korean War112
96368687161954Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu113
96448682071955Bandung Conference - reps from twenty-nine gov'ts of Asian & African nations in Bandung, Indonesia to discuss peace and the role of the Third World in the Cold War, economic development, and decolonization114
96368687171956*de-Stalinization/ Nationalization of Suez Canal115
96368687181957*Ghana is the first African Nation to gain independence116
96448743271957Sputnik117
96368687191959*Cuban Revolution and invention of silicon chip (beginning of the computer age)118
96368687321962Cuban missile crisis119
96448792841966-1976Chinese Cultural Revolution120
963686872019676 day war/ Chinese Cultural Revolution121
96368687211973Yom Kippur War122
96368687221979*Iranian Revolution123
96448931041979China begins "Socialist Market Economy" reforms124
963686872319871st Palestinian Intifada125
96368687241989*Tiananmen Square/ fall of Berlin Wall- Collapse of Communist regimes in Europe126
96368687251990Namibia is the last country to gain independence in Africa127
96368687261991*Fall of the USSR/ 1st Gulf War128
96368687271994Genocide in Rwanda/ 1st all race elections in South Africa129
963686872820019/11 attacks/ War in Afghanistan130
96449063282003US invades Iraq ("Enduring Freedom")131
96449192002004Facebook founded132
96368687292007Great Global Recession begins133
96449220192011Wikileaks, "Arab Spring" democracy134
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AP Lang figurative language Flashcards

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15024759113Euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing EX: saying that one has "passed away"0
15024759114oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction EX: Wolfshelm eating with "ferocious delicacy"1
15024759115metaphora figure or speech in which a word for a phrase is applied to an object or action to church it is not literally applicable EX: Gatsby throwing around his shirts represents him flaunting his money2
15024759116Litotesironic understatement EX: Gatsby refers to the accident on the road "you see that little detour"3
15024759117clichéa phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack or original thought it a sterotypical idea. EX: male dominance, female gold digger4
15024759118personificationthe attribution of a personal nature or human character to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. EX:A "half a dozen fingers pointed at the amputated wheel"5
15024759119idioma group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deductable from those of the individual words EX: "Daisy's voice was made of money"6
15024759120slimilea figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description word more emphatic or vivid7
15024759121analogya comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification EX: "Tom compared a person leaving their rich husband for a poor one to interracial marriage"8
15024759122junxtaposationthe fact of two things being close together or places with contrasting effect. EX: The heat of ch.7 is juxtaposed with Daisy's phrase "you look so cool"9
15024759123antithesisa person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else EX: East Egg and the Valley of the Ashes, so therefore Tom and George live...10
15024759124synecdocgea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole EX: Owl eyes is reffered to by his glasses11
15024759125metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute if adjunct for that thing ment EX: the use of the East Egg and West Egg as a reference to the people that inhabit it12
15024759126paradoxa seemingly absurb over self contradictory statement or a proposition that when invested or explained may prove to be well founded or true EX: I like large parties, they are so intimate13
15024759127apostrophewhen the speaker speaks directly to someone who is not present or is dead, or speak to an inanimate object. EX: "romeo o Romeo where for art thou"14
15024759128hyperboleexaggerate statements or claims not ment to be taken lightly EX: I've been lying on that couch for as long as I can remember15
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AP Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14971245950jurarto swear0
14971251460jaleouproar1
14971261927arrepentirto repent2
14971267620aprovecharto take advantage of (an opportunity)3
14971267621ocultarto hide4
14971277052pillarto plunder5
14971280572bajóndecline6
14971289490sobrarto have in excess7
14971294161ateoatheist8
14971363720cotidianidad, cotidianodaily living, daily9
14971356682venenarto poison10
14971374681dotadogifted11
14971378831engañosodecietful12
14971384132Autoconocimientoself-knowledge13
14971388432sesgadabiased14
14971392796retoschallenges15
14971392797forjandoforging16
14971400548componentecomponent17
14971405676mercerto deserve18
14971405677plantearseto consider; to pose (a question)19
14971413266agotadorexhausting20
14971418349pedagógicoeducational21
14971427462adquirirto acquire22
14971431787curaduríacuratorship23
14971437627balasbullets24
14971444805auge (el)peak25
14971450279contundenteconvincing, conclusive26
14971453807mermarto reduce27
14971463123retornarto return28
14971468420surtirto produce29
14971478144entretejerto interweave30
14971482147maniatadohandcuffed31
14971487218vencidoconquered32
14971493122cifrafigure33
14971499609preponderantepreponderant34
14971499610teoríatheory35
14971516625alcanzarto reach36
14971510182vertiginosodizzying37
14971523857atraidosattracted38
14971530564argamasacement39
14971534402desmentirto deny40
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AP Human Geography - Religion Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards from chapter 6 on religion

Terms : Hide Images
8475958884Religiona system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities0
8475958885Monotheistic Religionbelief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe1
8475958886Polytheistic Religionbelief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe2
8475958887Animistic Religionthe belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth3
8475958888Universalizing ReligionA religion that appeals to all people and in some cases great effort is undertake in evangelism and missionary work.4
8475958889Ethnic Religiona religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people.5
8475958890Hinduismone of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the Indus River Valley of what is today part of Pakistan... is unique among the world's religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins.6
8475958891Caste Systemthe strict social segregation of people—specifically in India's Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation7
8475958892Buddhismreligion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal.8
8475958893Confucianisma philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture.9
8475958894Judaismreligion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God.10
8475958895Diasporaa term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews.11
8475958896Zionismthe movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land12
8475958897Christianityreligion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan13
8475958898Eastern Orthodox Church (eoc)one of the three major branches of Christianity, In 1054 CE, Christianity was divided along that same line when the church, centered in Constantinople; and the Roman Catholic Church, centered in Rome, split.14
8475958899Protestantone of three major branches of Christianity, many adherents to the Catholic church began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation in 151715
8475958900Islamthe youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book.16
8475958901SunnisAdherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions of Muhammad as authoritative17
8475958902Shiitesadherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam.... represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam and believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, descendants of Ali (based largely in Iraq & Iran)18
8475958903Indigenous Religionsbelief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within a ... tribe or group19
8475958904Minaretstower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer20
8475958905Hajjthe Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad21
8475958906Religious Fundamentalismreligious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy22
8475958907Religious Extremismreligious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence23
8475958908Shari'a LawsThe system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran.24
8475958909Jihada doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran25
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AP Psychology Unit 4 Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

Terms : Hide Images
11646862562sensationthe process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.0
11646862563perceptionthe process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.1
11646862564bottom-up processinganalysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.2
11646862565top-down processinginformation processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.3
11646862566selective attentionthe focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.4
11646862567inattentional blindnessfailing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.5
11646862568change blindnessfailing to notice changes in the environment.6
11646862569psychophysicsthe study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.7
11646862570absolute thresholdthe minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.8
11646862571signal detection theorya theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.9
11646862572subliminalbelow one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness10
11646862573primingthe activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.11
11646862574difference thresholdthe minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. Also called the just noticeable difference (jnd).12
11646862575Weber's lawthe principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage (rather than a constant amount).13
11646862576sensory adaptationdiminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.14
11646862577transductionconversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.15
11646862578wavelengththe distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic versions of this vary from the short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission.16
11646862579huethe dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth.17
11646862580intensitythe amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude.18
11646862581pupilthe adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.19
11646862582irisa ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.20
11646862583lensthe transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.21
11646862584retinathe light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.22
11646862585accomodationthe process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.23
11646862586rodsretinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.24
11646862587conesretinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. These detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.25
11646862588optic nervethe nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.26
11646862589blind spotthe point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye and no receptor cells are located there.27
11646862590foveathe central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.28
11646862591feature detectorsnerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.29
11646862592parallel processingthe processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.30
11646862593Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theorythe theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color.31
11646862594opponent-process theorythe theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green.32
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