| CourseNotes

Flashcards

Ap Flashcards

10899739957	Abdominal	Anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs	0
10899739958	Acromial	Point of the shoulder, top of shoulder	1
10899739959	Antebrachial	Forearm	2
10899739960	Antecubital	Anterior surface of elbow, front of the elbow	3
10899739961	Axillary	Armpit	4
10899739962	Brachial	Arm, second part of the arm	5
10899739963	Buccal	Cheek	6
10899739964	Carpal	Wrist	7
10899739965	Cephalic	Head	8
10899739966	Cervical	Neck	9
10899739967	Coxal	Hip	10
10899739968	Crural	Leg	11
10899739969	Digital	Fingers or toes	12
10899739970	Femoral	Thigh	13
10899739971	Fibular	Side of leg	14

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language Set 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

11773525795	penitent	expressing remorse for one's misdeeds	0
11773525796	plausible	seemingly valid or acceptable; credible	1
11773533153	substantiated	supported with proof or evidence; verified	2
11773536002	vindicated	freed from blame	3
11773540904	condescending	treating people as weak or inferior	4
11773566324	contemptuous	Feeling hatred; scornful	5
11773932914	despotic	exercising absolute power; tyrannical	6
11773936441	dictatorial	domineering; oppressively overbearing	7
11773936442	disdain	contempt, scorn	8
11773940971	haughty	arrogant; vainly proud	9
11773945676	imperious	arrogantly domineering or overbearing	10
11773950265	patronizing	treating in a condescending manner	11
11773953512	convoluted	intricate; complex	12
11774487605	cryptic	difficult to comprehend	13
11774490808	futile	having no useful purpose; pointless	14
11774495072	impede	to slow the progress of	15
11774498845	obscure	relatively unknown; to conceal or make indistinct	16
11774504040	quandary	a state of perplexity or doubt	17
11774508968	indolent	lazy	18
11774512797	insipid	uninteresting; unchallenging	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

13893291780	psychology	the study of behavior and mental processes	0
13893291781	psychology's biggest question	Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture?	1
13893291782	psychology's three levels of analysis	biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together)	2
13893291783	biological approach	genetics, close-relatives, body functions	3
13893291784	evolutionary approach	species - helped with survival (ancestors)	4
13893291785	psychodynamic approach	(Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes	5
13893291786	behavioral approach	learning (classical and operant) observed	6
13893291787	cognitive approach	thinking affects behavior	7
13893291788	humanistic approach	becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance)	8
13893291789	social-cultural approach	cultural, family, environment	9
13893291790	two reasons of why experiments are important	hindsight bias + overconfidence	10
13893291791	types of research methods	descriptive, correlational, and experimental	11
13893291792	descriptive methods	case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT)	12
13893291793	case study	studies one person in depth may not be typical of population	13
13893291794	survey	studies lots of people not in depth	14
13893291795	naturalistic observation	observe + write facts without interference	15
13893291796	correlational method	shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research	16
13893291797	correlation coefficient	+ 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases)	17
13893291798	experimental method	does show cause and effect	18
13893291799	population	type of people who are going to be used in experiment	19
13893291800	sample	actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias)	20
13893291801	random assignment	chance selection between experimental and control groups	21
13893291802	control group	not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo	22
13893291803	experimental group	receiving treatment/drug	23
13893291804	independent variable	drug/procedure/treatment	24
13893291805	dependent variable	outcome of using the drug/treatment	25
13893291806	confounding variable	can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control	26
13893291807	scientific method	theory hypothesis operational definition revision	27
13893291808	theory	general idea being tested	28
13893291809	hypothesis	measurable/specific	29
13893291810	operational definition	procedures that explain components	30
13893291811	mode	appears the most	31
13893291812	mean	average	32
13893291813	median	middle	33
13893291814	range	highest - lowest	34
13893291815	standard deviation	how scores vary around the mean	35
13893291816	central tendency	single score that represents the whole	36
13893291817	bell curve	(natural curve)	37
13893291818	ethics of testing on animals	need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans	38
13893291819	ethics of testing on humans	consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality	39
13893291820	sensory neurons	travel from sensory receptors to brain	40
13893291821	motor neurons	travel from brain to "motor" workings	41
13893291822	interneurons	(in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons	42
13893292014	neuron		43
13893291823	dendrites	receive messages from other neurons	44
13893291824	myelin sheath	protects the axon	45
13893291825	axon	where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal	46
13893291826	neurotransmitters	chemical messengers	47
13893291827	reuptake	extra neurotransmitters are taken back	48
13893291828	excitatory charge	"Let's do it!"	49
13893291829	inhibitory charge	"Let's not do it!"	50
13893291830	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord	51
13893291831	peripheral nervous system	somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system	52
13893291832	somatic nervous system	voluntary movements	53
13893291833	autonomic nervous system	involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems)	54
13893291834	sympathetic nervous system	arousing	55
13893291835	parasympathetic nervous system	calming	56
13893291836	neural networks	more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used	57
13893291837	spinal cord	expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved	58
13893291838	endocrine system	slow uses hormones in the blood system	59
13893291839	master gland	pituitary gland	60
13893291840	brainstem	extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival	61
13893291841	reticular formation (if stimulated)	sleeping subject wakes up	62
13893291842	reticular formation (if damaged)	coma	63
13893291843	brainstem (if severed)	still move (without purpose)	64
13893291844	thalamus	sensory switchboard (does not process smell)	65
13893291845	hypothalamus	basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry)	66
13893291846	cerebellum	nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements	67
13893291847	cerebellum (if damaged)	difficulty walking and coordinating	68
13893291848	amygdala	aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions	69
13893291849	amygdala (if lesioned)	subject is mellow	70
13893291850	amygdala (if stimulated)	aggressive	71
13893291851	hippocampus	process new memory	72
13893291852	cerebrum	two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing	73
13893291853	cerebral cortex	only in higher life forms	74
13893291854	association areas	integrate and interpret information	75
13893291855	glial cells	provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons	76
13893291856	frontal lobe	judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident)	77
13893291857	parietal lobe	math and spatial reasoning	78
13893291858	temporal lobe	audition and recognizing faces	79
13893291859	occipital lobe	vision	80
13893291860	corpus callosum	split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures)	81
13893291861	Wernicke's area	interprets auditory and hearing	82
13893291862	Broca's area	speaking words	83
13893291863	plasticity	ability to adapt if damaged	84
13893291864	sensation	what our senses tell us	85
13893291865	bottom-up processing	senses to brain	86
13893291866	perception	what our brain tells us to do with that information	87
13893291867	top-down processing	brain to senses	88
13893291868	inattentional blindness	fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere	89
13893291869	cocktail party effect	even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc.	90
13893291870	change blindness	giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice	91
13893291871	choice blindness	when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed	92
13893291872	absolute threshold	minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time	93
13893291873	signal detection theory	we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying)	94
13893291874	JND (just noticeable difference)	(Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion	95
13893291875	sensory adaptation	tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?"	96
13893291876	rods	night time	97
13893291877	cones	color	98
13893291878	parallel processing	notice color, form, depth, movement, etc.	99
13893291879	Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory	3 corresponding color receptors (RGB)	100
13893291880	Hering's opponent-process theory	after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB)	101
13893291881	trichromatic + opponent-process	Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex	102
13893291882	frequency we hear most	human voice	103
13893291883	Helmoltz (hearing)	we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches)	104
13893291884	frequency theory	impulse frequency (low pitches)	105
13893291885	Helmholtz + frequency theory	middle pitches	106
13893291886	Skin feels what?	warmth, cold, pressure, pain	107
13893291887	gate-control theory	small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses	108
13893291888	memory of pain	peaks and ends	109
13893291889	smell	close to memory section (not in thalamus)	110
13893291890	grouping	Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole	111
13893291891	grouping groups	proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure	112
13893291892	make assumptions of placement	higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front	113
13893291893	perception =	mood + motivation	114
13893291894	consciousness	awareness of ourselves and the environment	115
13893291895	circadian rhythm	daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake)	116
13893291896	circadian rhythm pattern	- activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin	117
13893291897	What messes with circadian rhythm?	artificial light	118
13893291898	The whole sleep cycle lasts how long?	90 minutes	119
13893291899	sleep stages	relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep)	120
13893291900	purpose of sleep	1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more)	121
13893291901	insomnia	can't sleep	122
13893291902	narcolepsy	fall asleep anywhere at anytime	123
13893291903	sleep apnea	stop breathing in sleep	124
13893291904	night terrors	prevalent in children	125
13893291905	sleepwalking/sleeptalking	hereditary - prevalent in children	126
13893291906	dreaming (3)	1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries	127
13893291907	purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES)	1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence	128
13893291908	1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible?	1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE))	129
13893291909	depressants	slows neural pathways	130
13893291910	alcohol	((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect	131
13893291911	barbituates (tranquilizers)	((depressant)) reduce anxiety	132
13893291912	opiates	((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain	133
13893291913	stimulants	hypes neural processing	134
13893291914	methamphetamine	((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine	135
13893291915	caffeine	((stimulant))	136
13893291916	nicotine	((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine	137
13893291917	cocaine	((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine	138
13893291918	hallucinogen	excites neural activity	139
13893291919	ecstasy	((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin	140
13893291920	LSD	((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin	141
13893291921	marijuana	((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation	142
13893291922	learning	organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events)	143
13893291923	types of learning	classical operant observational	144
13893291924	famous classical psychologists	Pavlov and Watson	145
13893291925	famous operant psychologist	Skinner	146
13893291926	famous observational psychologists	Bandura	147
13893291927	classical conditioning	outside stimulus	148
13893291928	Pavlov's experiment	Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation)	149
13893291929	Watson's experiment	white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry)	150
13893291930	generalization	any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now	151
13893291931	discriminate	any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry	152
13893291932	extinction	stop "treating" with conditioned response	153
13893291933	spontaneous recovery	bring stimulus back after a while	154
13893291934	operant conditioning	control by organism	155
13893291935	Skinner's experiment	operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping)	156
13893291936	shaping	get animal closer to doing what you want them to do	157
13893291937	reinforcers	want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging)	158
13893291938	punishments	want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone)	159
13893291939	fixed ratio	happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card)	160
13893291940	variable ratio	happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery)	161
13893291941	organism must do these (2 times)	fixed ratio and variable ratio	162
13893291942	fixed interval	happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM)	163
13893291943	variable interval	happens at any time (receive texts from friends)	164
13893291944	these things happen regardless (2 times)	fixed interval and variable interval	165
13893291945	Which (fixed/variable) conditions better?	variable	166
13893291946	criticisms of Skinner	doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation	167
13893291947	intrinsic motivation	doing something for yourself, not the reward	168
13893291948	extrinsic motivation	doing something for reward	169
13893291949	Skinner's legacy	use it personally, at school, and at work	170
13893291950	famous observational experiment	Bandura's Bobo doll	171
13893291951	famous observational psychologist	Bandura	172
13893291952	mirror neurons	"feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals	173
13893291953	Bobo doll experiment legacy	violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil	174
13893291954	observational learning	biological behaviors work best	175
13893291955	habituation	get used to it -> stop reacting	176
13893291956	examples for observational learning	lectures and reading	177
13893291957	serotonin involved with memory	speeds the connection between neurons	178
13893291958	LTP	((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed)	179
13893291959	CREB	protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories	180
13893291960	glutamate involved with memory	neurotransmitter that enhances LTP	181
13893291961	glucose involved with memory	released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered))	182
13893291962	flashbulb memory	type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment	183
13893291963	amygdala (memory)	boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight	184
13893291964	cerebellum (memory)	forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning))	185
13893291965	hippocampus (memory)	active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours))	186
13893291966	memory	learning over time contains information that can be retrieved	187
13893291967	processing stages	encoding -> storage -> retrieval	188
13893291968	encoding	information going in	189
13893291969	storage	keeping information in	190
13893291970	retrieval	taking information out	191
13893291971	How long is sensory memory stored?	seconds	192
13893291972	How long is short-term memory stored?	less than a minute	193
13893291973	How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory?	7	194
13893291974	How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory?	4	195
13893291975	How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory?	2	196
13893291976	short term memory goes to ______________	working memory	197
13893291977	working memory	make a connection and process information to mean something	198
13893291978	working memory goes to _________________	long-term memory	199
13893291979	How much is stored in long-term memory?	LIMITLESS	200
13893291980	implicit memory	naturally do	201
13893291981	explicit memory	need to explain	202
13893291982	automatic processing	space, time, frequency, well-learned information	203
13893291983	effortful processing	processing that requires effort	204
13893291984	spacing effect	spread out learning over time	205
13893291985	serial position effect	primary/recency effect	206
13893291986	primary effect	remember the first things in a list	207
13893291987	recency effect	remember the last things in a list	208
13893291988	effortful processing (4 things)	1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect	209
13893291989	semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to	make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you	210
13893291990	if we can't remember a memory...	1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story	211
13893291991	misinformation effect	not correct information	212
13893291992	imagination inflation	imagine or visualize something that isn't real	213
13893291993	source amnesia	what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?)	214
13893291994	priming	association (setting you up)	215
13893291995	context	environment helps with memory	216
13893291996	state-dependency	you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high)	217
13893291997	mood-congruency	emotion will bring back similar emotional memories	218
13893291998	forgetting curve	forget after 5 days forget after 5 years	219
13893291999	the forgetting curve was created by	Ebbinghaus	220
13893292000	proactive interference	old information interferes with the new	221
13893292001	retroactive interference	new information interferes with the old	222
13893292002	children can't remember before age __	3	223
13893292003	Loftus	connected to abuse cases/childhood	224
13893292004	prototypes	generalize	225
13893292005	problem-solving (4)	trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!"	226
13893292006	against problem-solving	fixation	227
13893292007	mental set	what has worked in the past	228
13893292008	functional fixedness	only way to do this is with this	229
13893292009	Chomsky (nature or nurture?)	"born with language" (nature)	230
13893292010	Skinner (nature or nurture?)	language is learned (nurture)	231
13893292011	grammar is _________	universal	232
13893292012	phonemes	smallest sound unit	233
13893292013	morphemes	smallest meaning unit	234

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Psychology - Module 9 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

13890997935	Biological psychologists	Study links between biological and psychological processes.	0
13890997936	Dendrite	A neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.	1
13890997937	Cell Body	The cell's life support center.	2
13890997938	Nucleus	contains the genetic material of the cell.	3
13890997939	Axon	the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons.	4
13890997940	Axon Terminals	Are the hair like ends that receive the message.	5
13890997941	Myelin Sheath	a layer of fatty tissue layer that the insulates the axons and speeds their impulses.	6
13890997942	Action potential	a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.	7
13890997943	Refractory period	The resting period after the neuron fires.	8
13890997944	threshold	The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.	9
13890997945	All-or-none response	the neuron's reaction to firing or not firing.	10
13890997946	Synapse	The gap between the axon tip of sending neuron and the dendrite/cell body of the receiving neuron.	11
13890997947	Neurotransmitters	chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.	12
13890997948	Reuptake	A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron.	13
13890997949	Acetylcholine (ACh)	- Enables muscle action, learning and memory - Lack of it can cause Alzheimer's Disease (ACh neurons deteriorate)	14
13890997950	Dopamine	- Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion - Oversupply = Schizophrenia - Undersupply = tremors and decreased mobility in Parkinson's disease	15
13890997951	Serotonin	- Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal - Undersupply = Depression - Some antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels	16
13890997952	Norepinephrine	- Controls alertness and arousal - Undersupply = depress mood	17
13890997953	Gaba (Gamma-Aminobutryic Acid)	- A major inhibitory nuerotransmitter - Undersupply = seizures, tremors, and insomnia	18
13890997954	Glutamate	- A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory - Oversupply = Migraines and seizures	19
13890997955	Endorphins	- In response to pain or rigorous exercise - "Runner's high" or "morphine within" - natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and/or pleasure.	20
13890997956	Agonist	Mimic neurotransmitters	21
13890997957	Antagonist	Block neurotransmitters	22

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature: Frankenstein Unit Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9652337362	Where did the term "Gothic" come from?	During the Renaissance to describe Middle Ages architecture (castles, mansions, abbeys)	0
9652343307	Where did "Gothic" take shape mostly?	England from 1790-1830 but still resonates today (Stephen King)	1
9652346100	What is "Gothic" a sub-category of?	Romantic literature; reacts to rigid/formal Romantic literature	2
9652350358	Setting of "Gothic" novel	Horror and dread Deterioration of world Decay ruined scenery contrasts once thriving world	3
9652355087	Gothic hero	Protagonist is isolated Villain is evil by fall from grace or implicit malevolence Wanderer is isolated because he was exiled usually as form of divine punishment	4
9653179391	Plot of "Gothic" novel	Mirrors ruined world with protagonist's fall from grace by succumbing to temptation Protagonist must be saved through reunion with loved one	5
9653182929	Theme of "Gothic" novel	Deals with sublime and supernatural but applies to real world Terror and human levels Fears of murder, rape, sin, and unknown are multiplied	6
9653186389	Elements of "Gothic" novel	Melodrama (stereotype, moral polarization, one dimensionally) Exoticism (wild/remote locations) Transgression (fear of barbarism) Alienation	7
9653192465	How is Frankenstein a "Gothic" novel	Theme of dangers of science Created mad scientist and archetypal monster First sci fi novel	8
9653195774	Doppelganger	"Doublegoer" Ghostly counterpart of living person Could be alter ego or another person of same name Psychic projection caused by unresolved anxiety Double can possess traits both complimentary and antithetical to character	9
9653207467	Archetype	Original model from which copies are made Character, action, or situation represents common human life patterns Includes a symbol, theme, setting, or character that has common meaning for entire culture	10
9653213264	Recurring literary symbolic situations	Orphaned prince raised ignorant of heritage Damsel in distress rescued by handsome man Long journey, difficult search Pursuit of revenge Descent into underworld Great flood End of the world	11
9653216642	Recurring literary themes	Pride preceding a fall Inevitable nature of death, fate or punishments Blindness Madness Forbidden love, patricide, incest	12
9653221149	Recurring literary characters	Witches who eat children Womanizing Don Juan Hunted man Femme fatale Snob Social climber Wise old man/mentor Star crossed lovers Caring mother Helpless old lady Stern father Bully Villain in black Oracle/prophet Mad scientist Victorious underdog Mourning widow	13
9653230573	Recurring literary colors	Green: life, vegetation, summer Blue: water, tranquility White/black: purity Red: blood, fire, passion	14
9653233434	Recurring literary images	Blood Water Pregnancy Ashes Cleanness/dirtiness Cavern Phallic/yonic symbols Ruined tower Lion Snake Eagle Hanged man Dying god that rises again Feast/banquet Fall from great heights	15
9653239564	Literary archetypes: characters	Hero: courageous figure saving the day Outcast: cast out of society - often a Christ figure Scapegoat: gets blamed for everything Star-crossed lovers: young couple parted by fate Shrew: nagging wife verbally abusing husband Mad scientist: insane scientist working with fictional technology	16
9653246735	Literary archetypes: situations	Task: character is driven to complete big duty Quest: character is searching for something, everything centers around that goal Loss of innocence: through sexual experience or violence Initiation: process where character is brought into another sphere of influence Water: symbol of life, cleansing, or rebirth	17
9653272460	Prometheus and Epimetheus	Prometheus: forethought Epimetheus: afterthought Brothers refused to fight war against Olympians; spared prison but had to create man	18
9653275543	Prometheus and creation of man	Shaped man out of mud; Athena breathed life to man	19
9653278033	Epimetheus - "afterthought"	Prometheus told Epimetheus to give creature their qualities (swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings) Epimetheus gave all qualities to animals so Prometheus made man stand upright and gave them fire	20
9653282013	Prometheus and Man	Prometheus loved man more than Gods, who banished his family Zeus said that man must present portion of animal they killed to God Prometheus tricked Zeus; created 2 piles - one with bones with juicy fat and other with meat hidden in bones; Zeus picked bones	21
9653287131	Zeus's anger	Zeus took fire from man; Prometheus lit torch from sun and gave it to man; Zeus punished Prometheus and man	22
9653289598	Man's punishment	Zeus had Hephaestus create beautiful mortal with wealth, had Hermes give mortal deceptive heart and lying tongue Pandora was first woman and given jar that was forbidden to open; Pandora was sent to Prometheus	23
9653294424	Pandora's box	Prometheus warned Epimetheus not to accept give from Pandora, but Epimetheus could not resist beauty Pandora opened jar, releasing sorrow, plagues, misfortunes, and HOPE	24
9653297803	Prometheus's punishment	Zeus's servants, Force and Violence, took Prometheus to Caucasus Mountains, where he was chained to rock and tormented every day by a giant eagle tearing his liver; every night, liver grew back and body healed, starting torture all over again	25
9653304308	Prometheus unbound	In order to be saved, immortal must die for him and a mortal must kill eagle and unchain him Chiron the Centaur died for him and Hearcles killed eagle and unbound him	26

Powered by Quizlet.com

APES 7 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

12942978538	demography	study of human populations and population trends; they look at input (birth and immigration) and output (death and emigration)	0
12942978539	demographer	a scientist in the field of demography	1
12942978540	immigration	the movement of people into a country or region, from another country or region	2
12942978541	emigration	the movement of people out of a country or region.	3
12942978542	crude birth rate (CBR)	number of births per 1,000 individuals per year	4
12942978543	crude death rate (CDR)	number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year	5
12942978544	total fertility rate (TFR)	an estimate of average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years between the onset of puberty and menopause	6
12942978545	doubling time	number of years it takes for a population to double; rule of 70	7
12942978546	Replacement level fertility	The total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size	8
12942978547	Developed countries	countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income	9
12942978548	Developing countries	Relatively low levels of industrialization and incomes of less than three dollars per person per day	10
12942978549	Life expectancy	The average number of years in infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live given the current average life span and death rate in the country; women is higher; effected by these factors: availability of health care, access to good nutrition and exposure to pollutants	11
12942978550	Infant mortality rate	Number of deaths of children under one year of age per thousand live births	12
12942978551	Child mortality rate	Number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1000 live births	13
12942978552	Age structure diagram	Visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country; usually given for males and females	14
12942978553	Population Pyramid	Age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom, smallest at the top, typical of developing countries	15
12942978554	Population momentum	Continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented; that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures	16
12942978555	Net migration rate	The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country	17
12942978556	Theory of demographic transition	A country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth: Phase 1=slow pop growth; Phase 2: Rapid pop growth; Phase 3= pop growth stable; Phase 4: declining pop growth	18
12942978557	Phase 1 demographic transition	slow population growth; high birthrates and high death rates offset each other. Shorter adult life-expectancy due to difficult working conditions, poor sanitation and health care. However they tend to have more children to help with work. Diseases like AIDS deaths have pushed some countries back (Lesotho) to this phase.	19
12942978558	Phase 2: demographic transition	rapid pop growth; death rates decline while birthrates remain high. As the country modernizes with better sanitation, clean drinking water, increased access to food and goods- deaths decline; but couples continue to have kids because they are used to so many dying.	20
12942978559	Phase 3: demographic transition	pop growth stable; as economy and educational system improves, and as family income increase people have fewer children. Birthrate fall (US, Canada) because having many may be more of a financial burden now, rather than benefit. Affluence, availability of birth control, more time pursuing education influence mean people to have fewer children. Population growth levels off because birth rates and death rates cancel each other out.	21
12942978560	Phase 4: demographic transition	we see a declining pop growth when there is a high level of affluence and economic development (Japan, Germany, UK, Russia, Italy); fewer young people and higher proportion of elderly. This ratio can have social effects, with fewer people working and more dependent elderly; there is a shortage of healthcare workers, increased burden on taxes for workers; governments may encourage immigration or encourage families (with incentives in Japan) to have more	22
12942978561	Family planning	Regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control	23
12942978562	Affluence	Money, goods, or property= wealth	24
12942978563	IPAT equation	An equation used to estimate the impact of the human lifestyle on the environment; Impact= population x affluence x technology; factors that influence environmental impact	25
12942978564	Urban area	One that contains more than 386 people per square kilometer (1,000 people per square mile); population is growing; they have much more environmental impact than rural areas.	26
12942978565	Gross domestic product (GDP)	Value of all products and services produced in a year in that country; made up of 4 economic activities: consumer spending, investments, government spending, exports minus imports	27

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Renaissance Europe Flashcards

Ethel wood book

Terms : Hide Images

10635336620	Alberti, Leon Battista	Wrote a theory of architecture that summed up the Renaissance ideal of perfection. architectural beauty is the result of the correct observation and application of rules of proportion that create harmony and order	0
10635336621	Brunelleschi, Filippo	(1377 - April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for his studies of linear perspective and engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral.	1
10635336622	Bruni, Leonardo	Florentine who first gave the name humanitas (humanity) to the learning of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and moral philosophy based on the Greek and Latin classics.	2
10635336623	Burgundians	Part of French Royal House acting as the head of an independent kingdom through acquisition of land , primarily in the Netherlands building their armies, and commanding a great deal of loyalty from their subjects. When the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold died with out an heir in 1477, Louis XI took advantage of the temporary weakness by seizing large pieces of Burgundian territory.	3
10635336624	Castiglione, Baldassare	In 1528, he published The Book of the Courtier, which many consider to be the most influential work on education of the Renaissance. The idea of the "Renaissance Man" was described by him to be virtuous, refined, and a student of the liberal arts - perfectly well suited to artistic, written and spiritual pursuits.	4
10635336625	city-states	these trade rich cities of Italy in the 13th and 14th century expanded to become powerful city-states that dominated the political and economic life of the surrounding countryside.Lacked a central control and became independent states. By the 15th century, five states-Milan, Florence, Venice, the Papal States, and the Kingdom of Naples overshadowed the other smaller states and were in fierce competition with one another for economic and political power.	5
10635336626	the Courtier	(1528), by Castiglione, it described the ideal courtier, or attendant at a court, as someone who had mastered the classics and several languages, and who could paint, sing, write poetry, advise and console his prince, as well as run, jump, swim, and wrestle.	6
10635336627	David	18 foot sculpture by Michelangelo that stood for many years in the great square of Florence, and it has been one of the most popular sculptures in the world.	7
10635336628	doge	In Venice during the Renaissance this was the chief executive elected for life by the Senate, a body which represented the nobility.	8
10635336629	Durer, Albrecht	Leading northern artist, a German who blended the northern and southern styles. He made two trips to Venice, where he studied the southern styles, but his work clearly re	9
10635336630	Erasmus, Desiderius	Dutch scholar. Began writing career with dialogues that he prepared for his students. These dialogues were intended to teach them how to speak and live well, and to exhibit good manners worthy of the gentlemen he wanted them to become. Wrote in Praise of Folly. Was a Catholic but his works were placed on the Index of Forbidden Books.	10
10635336631	Ferdinand and Isabella	A king and queen of Spain in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They united their country and sponsored the exploration of the New World by Christopher Columbus. Reduced the power of the great nobles when they filled the political bureaucracy including the royal council-with hidalgos, lesser aristocrats who owed their positions to the throne.	11
10635336632	Gutenberg, Johann	German goldsmith and printer of Mainz, Germany. Developed movable type (although it had been invented in China and Korea) his printing press printed the bible.	12
10635336633	Heretics	Christian judged to be non-believers or false believers were persecuted by the Catholic Church	13
10635336634	Humanism	A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.Most new works by Petrarch and Boccaccio were written in the vernacular and expressed the accomplishments of the individual.	14
10635336635	Inquisition	tribunal originally set up to monitor the sincerity of former Muslims and Jews who had converted (often by force) to Christianity.	15
10635336636	Italian Renaissance	..., A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. From roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century followed by this movement spreading into the Northern Europe during 1400-1600	16
10635336637	Louis XI	of the Valois family and did a lot to centralize power during his reign from 1461-1485.	17
10635336638	Machiavelli, Niccolo	(1469-1527) Author of The Prince(16th century): emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most influential authors of the Italian Renaissance	18
10635336639	Medici, Cosimo de'	Head of Medici family-supported by a few patrician families who helped to banish prominent members of the most powerful rival clans.	19
10635336640	Medici Family	A wealthy merchant family that ruled over Florence as uncrowned rulers. Great patrons of the arts. Includes Cosimo and Lorenzo.	20
10635336641	Medici, Lorenzo de'	Politician and promoted the family's power with his extravagant patronage of the arts	21
10635336642	Mona Lisa	A painting by Leonardo da Vinci of a woman with a mysterious smile. It is now of the most readily recognized paintings in the world. Reflects the humanist interest in individual facial expressions and in painting realistic landscapes as backgrounds	22
10635336643	More, Thomas	..., the author of "Utopia", believed that society, not people, needed improving. Was a minister of King Henry VIII, but because he had conflicting views he was executed.	23
10635336644	"new monarchs"	The term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority often by Machiavellian means.Emphasized royal majesty and authority over their subjects, and they suppressed opposition and rebellion. Still continued some middle age practices.	24
10635336645	oligarchies	rule of merchant aristocracies, controlled much of Italy by 1300	25
10635336646	Papal States	ruled by the pope and formed another important power during Renaissance Italy	26
10635336647	patriarchs , patriarchies	Male heads of the family in 15th century Italy. Patriarchies are societies dominated by men	27
10635336648	perspective	An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.	28
10635336649	Petrarch	(1304- 1374) He was the first great humanist thinker and a scholar of Latin. He used writing to consider the ebb and flow of his life and the human condition itself. He is known as the "Father of Humanism". Instrumental in standardizing the Florentine vernacular. Admired Cicero and valued St. Augustine. Also famous for his Italian verse, short sonnets.	29
10635336650	popolo grasso	"fat people" - the elite in Italian city states; including nobles, wealthy merchants, and manufacturers. Made up around 5% of the population	30
10635336651	The Prince	A short political treatise about political power how the ruler should gain, maintain, and increase it. Machiavelli explores the problems of human nature and concludes that human beings are selfish and out to advance their own interests. He believed it was better to be feared than loved.	31
10635336652	principalities	areas ruled by hereditary despots called signori who had absolute power.	32
10635336653	Raphael	(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens. famous for his madonnas. Died young	33
10635336654	Reconquista	Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.	34
10635336655	Reichstag	National assembly composed of the electors, other princes, and the representatives of the free cities was created to control feuding. Managed to launch a court of justice to enforce internal peace and a council to coordinate executive policy.	35
10635336656	Renaissance	1. the time period which Europe flourished and the rebirth the love of the classics 2. The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history began in Italy	36
10635336657	"Renaissance Man"	multi-talented, skilled in many areas: Arts, Math/Science, Music, Architecture. Example: Leonardo Da Vinci	37
10635336658	republics	in Italy during the Renaissance Italian states were divided into two categories. these were base on the old medieval communes. or associations with free men who sought complete political and economic independence from local nobles	38
10635336659	rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing and speaking effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	39
10635336660	The School of Athens	Raphael - Italian Renaissance fresco wall painting of Greek philosophers drawn to scale in accordance with the vantage point of the viewer. The placement, in the center of the archway, of Plato and Aristotle emphasizes the importance of these two central figures. Raphael shows his style of basic one-point perspective converging in a single vanishing point just behind Plato and Aristotle. The exception is the cube in the foreground which gives a two-point perspective. It easy to see, that with the removal of the figures, the building is symmetrically balanced.	40
10635336661	scholasticism	attempt to reconcile the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical reasoning of Greek philosophy.	41
10635336662	secularism	An indifference to religion and a belief that religion should be excluded from civic affairs and public education	42
10635336663	Treaty of Lodi	a treaty between Milan, Naples, and Florence against Venice and the Papal States. It fell apart when Milan and Naples began to feud	43
10635336664	Tudors	The House of Lancaster and the House of York feuded over the throne for more than twenty years, until finally a compromis was reached when a new royal house-------emerged in 1485 by intermarriage between two warring families. Henry VII, the first of this dynasty. This dynasty would dominate England throughout the 16th century	44
10635336665	Utopia	A work that presents a revolutionary view of society and describes an ideal socialistic community on an island somewhere off the mainland of the New World. He created the name utopia as a good place which is no place. Book by Thomas More	45
10635336666	Van Eyck, Jan	An important painter of the Northern Renaissance. He is credited with the first use of the oil glazing technique of painting. He is also known for the great detail in his work. His most famous work was the Arnolfini Wedding.	46
10635336667	Vasari, Giorgio	an Italian painter and architect, who is today famous for his biographies of Italian artists, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing.	47
10635336668	Vernacular	Everyday language of ordinary people.	48
10635336669	Vinci, Leonardo da	"Renaissance Man"- great artist, engineer, scientist, and inventor. He created the Mona Lisa.	49
10635336670	War of the Roses	1455-1485; A war between the York family and Lancaster family of England for the crown. This struggle was ended when Henry Tudor, who was on the Lancaster side, won. He became Henry VII, the first Tudor king.	50