| 13590787788 | Where did Nomadic Humans originate from? | East Africa around 8000 B.C.E. | | 0 |
| 13590799525 | Hunter-Gatherers | People who hunted animals and foraged seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots. They would constantly move around. | | 1 |
| 13590814064 | Bering Strait | A strait that connected Eastern Asia and Alaska during the winter before the water unfroze. | | 2 |
| 13590825512 | Paleolithic Period/Stone Age | Time Period between that lasted between 2.5 Million Years ago to 10,000 Years Ago. Used sharp tools to cut down things and hunt animals. | | 3 |
| 13590850445 | Kinship Group | Related families that moved together in search of food. | | 4 |
| 13590853117 | Clan | A larger group that could include other Kinship Groups | | 5 |
| 13590856595 | Tribe | Where multiple clans grouped into one. Were led by chiefs and priests and were formed to hunt or defend from enemies. | | 6 |
| 13590874400 | Animism | Belief that animals, rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits. | | 7 |
| 13590877333 | Shamans | Religious leaders that were believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future. | | 8 |
| 13590883760 | Neolithic Revolution/Agricultural Revolution | Started after the ice age where dramatic changes occurred and changed the way how people live. | | 9 |
| 13590895110 | The 7 Major Developments During the Neolithic Revolution | Agriculture, Pastoralism, Labor, Towns and Cities, Governments, and Technological Innovations. | | 10 |
| 13590904222 | Where did Agriculture first begin? | The Lands east of the Mediterranean. | | 11 |
| 13590917774 | What Crops did the Southwest Asians First Grow? | Wheat and Barley | | 12 |
| 13590920193 | What Crops did the Southeast Asians First Grow? | Rice | | 13 |
| 13590922460 | What Crops did the Northern Chinese First Grow? | Millet | | 14 |
| 13590928242 | What Crops did the Mesoamericans First Grow? | Corn | | 15 |
| 13590946107 | Domestication | To make wild animals tame so they could live with humans. This happened in Africa, Europe, and Asia before farming was a thing. | | 16 |
| 13590953350 | Nomadic Pastoralism | Leading large herds of animals from one land to another. First came from grassland regions in Africa and Eurasia. | | 17 |
| 13590969519 | Artisans | People who made objects people needed | | 18 |
| 13590971530 | Merchants | People who buy and sell goods for a living | | 19 |
| 13590989335 | How did Villages, Towns, and Cities Start to Grow? | When there was a surplus of food and a growth in population occurred | | 20 |
| 13590992720 | Social Stratification | Where people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry or other coveted items and by building larger and better decorated houses | | 21 |
| 13591006403 | Jericho | One of the first cities ever created which was located on the West Bank of the Jordan River | | 22 |
| 13591012785 | Catal Hayuk | One of the first cities ever created which was located in present-day Turkey | | 23 |
| 13591022618 | Monotheism | The practice of worshipping only on Deity, like the Hebrews | | 24 |
| 13591038014 | Zoroaster | A teacher who inspired the religion of Zoroastrianism, which focused on the eternal battle between good and evil | | 25 |
| 13591167721 | Waterproof Clay Pots | Used to store food and carry water. Were made by people shaping them with wet clay and hardening them with fire. | | 26 |
| 13591172454 | Drilling Sticks/Plow | Were pulled by oxen or other animals and made cultivation easy | | 27 |
| 13591176154 | Wheeled Cart | Made for transportation and trade and could transport a load with about 3 percent of the effort needed to drag it | | 28 |
| 13591179937 | Textiles | Were made with cloth by women who learned to spin hair from animals. Workers would dye the threads and make patterns. | | 29 |
| 13591192812 | Metallurgy | The study of metals and soon replaced stone tools with metal ones. These people copper and tin to make bronze tools as well. | | 30 |
| 13591200214 | Bronze Age | A period where bronze was used between 3300 and 2300 B.C.E. | | 31 |
| 13591224918 | Civilization | A large society with cities and powerful states. First of these were found in Southwest Asia in Mesopotamia. | | 32 |
| 13591227121 | Patriarchy | A society ruled by men | | 33 |
| 13591255096 | Sumer | Was the first civilization and was located in Mesopotamia. They created large urban areas, extensive trade, formed legal codes, made sophisticated writing systems, and more | | 34 |
| 13591265838 | Mesopotamia | Meant "Two Rivers" as it was in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers | | 35 |
| 13591285633 | Uruk | The largest city of Sumer which had a population of 50,000 in which most of them were farmers | | 36 |
| 13591325562 | City-State | What each Sumerian city and the land it controlled formed which usually covered several hundred square miles. They usually each has their own Governments. | | 37 |
| 13591333287 | Stone Walls | Were used to surround cities from enemies | | 38 |
| 13591335811 | King | Military ruler over a territory known as a kingdom. Were also considered high priests as Religion and Politics began to form in cities | | 39 |
| 13591366608 | Polytheistic | To believe in many gods, Sumerians were these | | 40 |
| 13591370076 | Ziggurats | Large stepped pyramids with temples and altars inside | | 41 |
| 13600263784 | Sumerian Economy | Based on farming while also wove cloth, making pottery, casting bronze utensils, and more | | 42 |
| 13600278458 | Sumerian Social Structure | Top Class: Nobles, Wealthy Landowners, priests, and kings
Middle Class: Merchants, farmers, and people such as architects
Bottom Class: Slaves, foreign prisoners of war, and poor Sumerian families who couldn't pay their debt | | 43 |
| 13600301447 | Women's Rights in Sumer | Could own property, have incomes separate from husband, but couldn't attend school and were taught at home. Also couldn't arrange marriages | | 44 |
| 13600312313 | Cueniform | Marks carved onto wet clay tablets which were created to keep records of surplus crops, manufacturing, and trade | | 45 |
| 13600323126 | Scribes | Individuals who were changed first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths | | 46 |
| 13600338190 | Sumerian Scientific Contributions | Cuneiform, Sundial, Scribes, Calendars, Number System, and stories | | 47 |
| 13600347219 | Sumerian Decline | No natural barriers and were invaded | | 48 |
| 13600350618 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The first story about a king named Gilgamesh who ruled the city of Uruk in Sumer | | 49 |
| 13600361452 | Babylonian Empire | Created after Sumer. Were originally named Persia and capital was Babylon | | 50 |
| 13600371188 | Empire | Large territory divided into diverse cultural groups, Persia was one | | 51 |
| 13600376485 | King Hammurabi | The most powerful king of Persia and conquered all of Mesopotamia and ruled for over 40 years until 1750 BCE. Contributed and created many things | | 52 |
| 13600388540 | Code of Hammurabi | The first known 282 laws carved into stone monuments. The laws dealt with property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes | | 53 |
| 13600401239 | Babylonian Culture | Was like Sumer but women had more rights. Had many skilled astronomers who could predict many things in space | | 54 |
| 13600408195 | The Phoenicians | Located in present day, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 BCE. Created a big trade network, created a 22 letter alphabet, and had an important colony in North Africa named Carthage | | 55 |
| 13600429226 | The Hebres | Located in Region of Canaan, present day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. Created the 10 commandments, were led by Moses, and left Egypt around 1300 BCE to go back to Canaan. | | 56 |
| 13600455126 | Jewish Diaspora | Israelites being fled out of their home and being sent all over the Mediterranean and the Middle East | | 57 |
| 13600482540 | Hebrew Religion | Were polytheistic but soon became monotheistic. They split into 2 kingdoms but were invaded and were sent away | | 58 |
| 13600550915 | Ancient Egypt | Ancient civilization located primarily along the Nile River. | | 59 |
| 13608229382 | Transportation and Trade in Egypt | Used Nile for transportation and trade so they could move south against the current by putting sails on their boats | | 60 |
| 13608237718 | Early Egyptian Governments | Divided into Lower and Upper Egypt. In 3100 BCE, King Menes united the kingdoms and established Memphis as the capital near the southern end of the Nile Delta | | 61 |
| 13608252361 | What are the divided periods of Egypt? | Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom | | 62 |
| 13608256858 | Theocrats | Kings and queens holding religious and political power in Memphis | | 63 |
| 13608264366 | Pharaoh | A leader of Egypt | | 64 |
| 13608267138 | Why did the Old Kingdom die? | Pharaoh power began to weaken due to the noble class and led to a period of famine and starvation. This led to a split in Egypt once again | | 65 |
| 13608280943 | When did the Old Kingdom take place? | 2660-2160 BCE | | 66 |
| 13608285371 | How was the Old Kingdom made? | When King Menes united the kingdoms and established Memphis as the capital | | 67 |
| 13608289505 | How was the Middle Kingdom made? | When Mentuhotep II took power and moved the capital to Thebes and reuniting Egypt in 2040 BCE | | 68 |
| 13608303130 | When did the Middle Kingdom take place? | 2040-1786 BCE | | 69 |
| 13608309484 | Why did the Middle Kingdom end? | When an invasion by pastoral nomadic people called Hyksos from Modern Syria used their superior horse drawn chariots and better arrows | | 70 |
| 13608324586 | How was the New Kingdom made? | When Egypt took back their land from the Hyksos | | 71 |
| 13608328952 | When did the New Kingdom take place? | 1570-1070 BCE | | 72 |
| 13608340455 | Egyptian Agriculture | Had irrigation projects created by the Pharaoh to increase farmland | | 73 |
| 13608356246 | What did Pharaoh Akhenaton try to do in 1350 BCE? | He tried to change Egypt's religion by wanting everyone to worship one god which was Aten the sun god | | 74 |
| 13608367569 | Ramses the Great | A pharaoh of Egypt who took power in 1290 BCE and expanded the empire into Southwest Asia during his 67 year reign | | 75 |
| 13608378013 | What did Egypt (The New Kingdom) get after getting land in Nubia and Mesopotamia? | Wood and Bronze | | 76 |
| 13608384988 | Why did Egypt decline? | After Ramses' death, many invasions occurred and internal revolts happened as well | | 77 |
| 13608397483 | Egyptian Society | Top: Royals, Nobles, Priests
2: Artisans
3: Farmers
Bottom: Slaves
All people had equal laws except slaves and women had many rights | | 78 |
| 13608401567 | Egyptian Religion | Were polytheistic and believed in gods like Ra and Osiris | | 79 |
| 13608424262 | Mummification | Removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth and soon put into a coffin | | 80 |
| 13608431990 | Hieroglyphics | Used in Egypt and used symbols to represent ideas and sounds. It was written on Mashed Papyrus | | 81 |
| 13608439238 | Book of the Dead | A book put in coffins of pharaohs and some nobles | | 82 |
| 13608445068 | Egyptian Scientific Contributions | Temples, Pyramids, a 365 day calendar, Mummification, Geometry, and plants and herbs to treat asthma and more | | 83 |
| 13608460458 | Nubia, Kush, and Axum | South of Egypt, ancient kingdoms developed but none of these were as grand as Egypt | | 84 |
| 13621156103 | Nubia | Emerged in the Upper Nile Malley round 3500 BCE. They were heavily influenced by Egyptian culture and were recruited to be mercenaries in Egyptian forces. They lasted for 1000 years until remerging as Kush around 2500 BCE | | 85 |
| 13621166364 | Kush | Remained dependent on Egypt until establishing political and cultural independence around 1000 BCE. They were an important kingdom that traded with many big places. Meroe was a very important trade center for them. They enjoyed great power and even conquered Egypt once. They were conquered by Axum in the 340s CE however. | | 86 |
| 13621182633 | Axum | Founded on plateau of present day Ethiopia where their capital city was called Axum. They had an agricultural economy and even had a successful trading colony called Adulis on the Red Sea. Christianity became the main religion in 330 CE by King Ezana. In the 500, they expanded into modern Yemen but declined around 600 CE | | 87 |
| 13621203238 | Indus Valley Civilizations | Civilizations that developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations. This Valley included Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. These civilizations had sophisticated technology and urban planning | | 88 |
| 13621211505 | Dravidians | Indigenous people of the Indian subcontinent that established Harappa and Mohenjo Daro between 2500 and 2000 BCE | | 89 |
| 13621219882 | Indus Valley Agriculture | Very few people were farmers. They traded by sea and land with Sumer and Egypt. They had lots of flooding and also deforestation | | 90 |
| 13621225296 | Aryans | Indo-European speaking peoples from Central Asia in where they traveled through Persia through the Kush Mountains over several centuries beginning in 1500 BCE. They brought horses into India and were very powerful. Their culture spread along the Ganges River along with their settlements. | | 91 |
| 13621239062 | Aryan Tribes | Were divided into a clan with their own territory and were headed by a male chief who ruled with advice from a committee of clan members. They had no central government. They also used Barter to trade. | | 92 |
| 13621248411 | Barter | A system used by the Aryans which one thing is exchanged for another | | 93 |
| 13621251997 | Sanskrit | A language used by Aryans. Shares many similarities with Latin and is still studied by religious scholars | | 94 |
| 13621258684 | Vedas | A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs, also meaning knowledge | | 95 |
| 13621262614 | Aryan Religion | Had vedas, Rig-Veda, and more | | 96 |
| 13621264410 | Rig-Veda | Most famous veda as it shed light on Ancient Indian society | | 97 |
| 13621275824 | Late Vedic Age (800-400 BCE) | Was marked by the Aryan's growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs | | 98 |
| 13621278118 | Brahma | An overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth. Each individual human being is not a separate Entity | | 99 |
| 13621282738 | Dharma | Determines one's karma, or fate | | 100 |
| 13621284314 | Moksha | Eternal peace and unity with Brahma | | 101 |
| 13621286503 | Upanishads | A foundation test for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism | | 102 |
| 13621298669 | Huang He (Yellow) and Chiang Jiang (Yangtze) | Two major rivers in China. Yellow due to yellow soil | | 103 |
| 13621307691 | China's Natural Barriers | Gobi Desert in the West and the Himalayas in the southwest | | 104 |
| 13621315101 | China's First Settlement | In 6500 BCE, Neolithic people of the Yangtze valley were growing rice and by 5800 BCE, people were farming near the yellow river | | 105 |
| 13621318665 | China's First Rulers | A man named Yu who brought order to the region in 2100 BCE and his son Qi who started the Xia Dynasty | | 106 |
| 13621326269 | Shang Dynasty | Around 1750 BCE, a leader named Tang overthrew the Xia king and started this 600 year long dynasty | | 107 |
| 13621333976 | Shang Economy, Technology, and Trade | Their economy was primarily based on economy. They traded with other places and used bronze for weapons | | 108 |
| 13621337657 | Shang Religion | Was Polytheistic. Worshipped Sun God, Moon God, and Cloud and Wind God. People would inscribe questions in animal bones to get answers about things. Ancestor Veneration was there too. | | 109 |
| 13621367315 | Shang Cultural and Scientific Contributions | Developed pictographs or graphic symbols. Also had a 12-month calendar. They had many instruments as well. | | 110 |
| 13621373870 | Shang Decline | Kings became weaker and in 1045 BCE, a military man named Wu raised his own army and challenged against this Dynasty's rule. | | 111 |
| 13621379026 | Zhou Dynasty | Ruled for about 900 years, the longed dynasty in Chinese History. Their golden age was the first 200 years of the dynasty and expanded the empire greatly. Kings used the Mandate of Heaven and kinds were referred to as the sons of heaven | | 112 |
| 13621387092 | Mandate of Heaven | the idea that a just ruler's power was bestowed by the gods | | 113 |
| 13621393937 | Zhou Government | Expanded territory so much that they couldn't control it so they divided it into many regions like city states. Used Feudalism as well | | 114 |
| 13621401250 | Feudalism | Network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements | | 115 |
| 13621404304 | Zhou Trade and Agriculture | Internal trade expanded and some foreign trade. Their first currency were cooper coins and Iron technology made agriculture much easier to control water. | | 116 |
| 13621412790 | Decline of the Zhou Dynasty | By the 800s BCE, the dynasty's kings began to lose control due to local leaders gaining power and invasions from the west. By the 400s, the kings had little powers except their own state which led to themselves fighting for control | | 117 |
| 13621436905 | First American Civilizations | Were very different from each other. By 3000 BCE, some indigenous peoples, probably in Mexico, discovered food that could be grown and harvested. One of the main crops were corn. | | 118 |
| 13621450228 | The Chavin | Came in Peru and existed from around 1000 to 200 BCE. Center of this civilization was Chavin de Huantar which was home to a temple made of white granite and black limestone. Most of the people grew crops and relied heavily on llamas. The civilization developed irrigation systems and were very religious. Their political structure was weak. | | 119 |
| 13621462713 | The Olmec | A civilization in Mesoamerica. Flourished in East and Central Mexico from 1200 to 400 BCE. They relied on agriculture and developed near water. They built structures like pyramids and produced small carvings of animals for religion. Their writing system was Glyphs | | 120 |
| 13621474344 | Glyphs | Olmec writing system that contained pictures and symbols of real life things | | 121 |
| 13621479296 | The Pacific Peoples | Lived in Oceania in places such as New Guinea, Australia, and over a thousand other islands. 60,000 years ago, they were hunter foragers until the ice age where it was difficult to get from island to island. | | 122 |
| 13621488096 | Austronesian Speakers | Probably originated in South China then moved to Taiwan and the Philippines. Around 5000 to 2500 BCE, they migrated to New Guinea. They were farmers and herders and migrated by boat to many places. | | 123 |
| 13621499594 | Easter Island | People on this island were divided into clans where one chief ruled over all of them. They constructed statues to represent ancestor gods and cultivated sweet potatoes. | | 124 |
