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AP Literature - List 4 Flashcards

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12253643005satirea type of writing based on ridicule and is meant to highlight the flaws and faults in an individual, group, or system0
12253643006settingthe time and place of a story1
12253643955similean indirect comparison that uses the words "like" or "as"2
12253645039soliloquya speech in a play used to reveal a character's true thoughts and motivations3
12253645903sonneta 14 - line poem with a prescribed rhyme scheme and written in iambic pentameter4
12253648374stream of consciousnessa type of narration that goes inside the mind of a character and reveals thoughts and sensory impressions, but not arranged in an orderly fashion5
12253648375structurethe organization and form of a work6
12253649129stylethe unique way an author presents his ideas (diction, syntax, structure, etc. all contribute to this)7
12253649130symbolsomething in a literary work that stands for something else8
12253650737synecdochea figure of speech that uses a part as a representative of the whole9
12253651559synesthesiathe production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body10
12253652327syntaxthe grammatical structure of prose and poetry11
12253652328themean underlying idea that runs through a work that the author illustrates through characterization, plot, motifs, language, symbols, etc.12
12253653286tonethe author's attitude towards his subject13
12253653287zeitgeistthe prevailing mood or attitude of a given period14

AP Literature Poetry Vocabulary Flashcards

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12478675596AccentThe prominence or emphasis given to a syllable or word. In the word poetry, the accent (or stress) falls on the first syllable0
12478693684AlexandrineA line of poetry that has 12 syllables.1
12478700574AlliterationThe repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words2
12478714745AnapestA metrical foot of 3 syllables3
12478722589AntithesisA figure of speech in which words and phrases with opposite meanings are balanced against each other.4
12479640315ApostropheWords that are spoken to a person who is absent or imaginary, or to an object or abstract idea *Example: "O World, I cannot hold thee close enough5
12479657992AssonanceThe repetition or a pattern of similar sounds, especially vowel sounds, as in the tongue twister, "Moses supposes his toeses are roses"6
12479673310BalladA poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend and often has a repeated refrain.7
12479713214BalladeA type of poem, usually with three stanzas of seven, eight, or ten lines and a shorter final stanza (or envoy) of four or five lines. All stanzas end with the same one-line refrain.8
12479720653Blank versePoetry that is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter9
12479863169CaesuraA natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line. *Ex: "How do I love thee? Let me count the ways"10
12479932303CanzoneA medieval Italian lyric poem with 5 or 6 stanzas and a shorter concluding stanza (or envoy)11
12479944979Carpe DiemThe Latin phrase meaning "seize the day."12
12479951585Chanson de gesteAn epic poem of the 11th and 14th century, written in Old French, which details the exploits of a historical or legendary figure, especially Charlemagne.13
12479953336ClassicismThe principles and ideals of beauty that are characteristic of Greek and Roman art, architecture, and Literature14
12479960279ConceitA fanciful poetic image or metaphor that likens one thing to something else that is seemingly very different.15
12479965716ConsonanceThe repetition of similar consonant sounds, especially at the ends of words, as in lost and past or confess and dismiss16
12479973175CoupletIn a poem, a pair of lines that are the same length and usually rhyme and form a complete thought17
12480059700DactylA metrical foot of three syllables, one long (or stressed) followed by two short (or unstressed), as in happily. The dactyl is the reverse of the anapest.18
12480067464ElegyA poem that laments the death of a person, or one that is simply sad and thoughtful19
12480127713EnjambmentThe continuation of a complete idea (a sentence or clause) from one line or couplet of a poem to the next line or couplet without a pause. *Ex: I think that I shall never see/A poem as lovely as a tree20
12480147877Envoy/EnvoiThe shorter final stanza of a poem, as in a ballade21
12480151300EpicA long, serious poem that tells the story of a heroic figure22
12480154465EpigramA very short, witty poem23
12480159694EpithalamiumA poem in honor of a bride and bridegroom.24

AP World History - Chapter 8 Flashcards

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13550131483Islam, one, AllahThe fastest growing religion in the world...is centered around the belief in...god called...0
13550131484Arabian PeninsulaWhere were the Bedouins living in the 6th century?1
13550131485Nomadic, tribal, and polytheisticThe Bedouin culture was mostly...2
13550131486SheikhsWho ruled each clan or tribe in the Bedouin culture?3
13550131487Polygyny...is when a man has more than one wife at a time4
13550131488PolytheisticWere the Bedouins polytheistic or monotheistic?5
13550131558Arabian Peninsula6
13550131489MeccaCity in Saudi Arabia that is considered to be a holy city7
13550131490Relic, wordThe black stone of Mecca is a...because it has the...of God8
13550131491Honesty, generosityThe Bedouin tribes valued...and...9
13550131492Land trade, camelsThe Bedouins...routes with...formed the basis of the Arabian economy10
13550131493Water travel...eventually became more popular than overland routes11
13550131494MerchantMuhammad was a...12
13550131495Caravan managerMuhammad became a...13
13550131496Revelations, AllahMuhammad experienced...that he attributed to the angel of the deity...14
13550131497QuranAn Islamic sacred book said to be the literal word of God15
13550131498YesDid it take long for Muhammad to gather followers of Allah?16
13550131499ProphetMuhammad is the last...17
13550131500MedinaThe city that Muhammad and his followers fled to when they were persecuted, and where the first Muslim community was:18
13550131501HegiraThe name of the flight of Muhammad and his followers because of persecution19
13550131502Ka'abaThe most important holy building of Islam20
13550131503Military conquest, movementA way that Islam was spread was...and the...of people21
13550131504EgalitarianIslam is an...religion22
13550131505WasWhen Islam was spread through military conquest and they had conquered a region, Islamic rule was/wasn't tolerant of the religion23
13550131506MonotheisticWas Islam polytheistic or monotheistic?24
13550131507Salvation and hope, Allah, QuranPrinciples of Islam: The ideas of...of an afterlife, the importance of submission to the will of...and a belief in the...as the sacred book25
13550131508Five PillarsCore set of obligations for Muslims26
13550131509God, Allah, five, alms, Ramadan, pilgrimageBelief in one...called... Praying...times a day Giving...to the poor Fasting during the month of... Making a...to Mecca once in your life27
13550131510JihadConcept of struggle to strive in the way of Allah and to improve both oneself and society28
13550131511ShariahA code of law that outlines behavioral requirements for daily life that was developed after Muhammad's death. (Based on the Quran)29
13550131512Ali and Abu BakrAfter Muhammad's death, who were the two people that were running to become the leader of the Islamic community?30
13550131513CaliphReligious ruler31
13550131514BakrWho became the first caliph?32
13550131515AliWho became the fourth caliph?33
13550131516SunnisSupporters of Abu Bakr34
13550131517Shia, ShiitesSupporters of Ali became the...group, also known as...35
13550131518Byzantine, Persian Sassanid, taxesWhen Bakr seized lands from the...Empire and the...Empire, he didn't force religious conversion. Instead the...were lower if you converted.36
13550131519Merchants, generals, and armies, UmayyadWhen Ali was assassinated a group of...took power and founded the...Dynasty37
13550131520SunniWas the Umayyad Dynasty in Damascus and Córdoba Sunni or Shia?38
13550131521DamascusWhere was the Umayyad Dynasty moved to? (From Medina)39
13550131522Abbasids, Umayyads, BaghdadThe...conquered the...and made a new city for their capital called...40
13550131523CaliphateAn Islamic state41
13550131524BaghdadWhere were the Abbasids?42
13550131525LearningBaghdad became the center of...43
13550131526PaperThe invention of thicker...was an achievement of Baghdad44
13550131527Hierarchical, bureaucracyThe Abbasids became increasingly...with a continually growing...45
13550131528ViziersPrime ministers in the Abbasid Empire46
13550131529AssassinationBeing a ruler in the Abbasid empire because you risked potential...attempts47
13550131530Attacks from outside groupsThe Abbasid Empire suffered from...48
13550131531Group that defeated the AbbasidsThe Mongols49
13550131532Economic, militaryThe Abbasids faced both...and...troubles50
13550131533CordobaWhere did the Umayyads move their capital to after it was moved to Damascus?51
13550131534Islamic expansion, Western EuropeThe loss of the Battle of Tours for the Islamic military marked the limit of...into...52
13550131535Tolerant, AbbasidsUmayyad rulers in Córdoba were...in terms of religion, like the..in Baghdad53
13550131536TradeThe Umayyad rulers in Córdoba promoted...54
13550131537DhowsThe trade that was promoted by the Umayyad rulers in Córdoba occured because of goods traveling ships called...55
13550131538LearningThe Islamic state in Córdoba, Spain became a center for...56
13550131539Aristotle, GreekIslamic scholars saved the works of...and other...thinkers57
13550131540Farmers, sailors, nomadsBefore Muhammad there were more...and...than pastoral...58
13550131541Byzantine, Islamic, Muslims, Christians, and JewsTrade between the...and the...empires created contacts between the religious groups:...59
13550131542Weren't, rulerWhen Islamic expansion occurred, the Islamic soldiers were/weren't allowed to own property that they took over, which allowed the people's lives to not be changed greatly. They would just be paying to a different...60
13550131543Merchants, European, AsianThe role of...in Islamic society was greater than in other...and...societies at the time.61
13550131544DidIslam did/didn't allow slavery.62
13550131545No, couldn't MuslimsWhen slaves converted to Islam, were the owners allowed to keep them enslaved? Y/N? Because Muslims could/couldn't enslave other...63
13550131546Slave women,Did slave women or wives have more independence?64
13550131547Markets, buySlave women were allowed to go to...or run errands. They could gather enough money to...their freedom.65
13550131548HijabHeadscarf/veil used by women to cover their heads66
13550131549Raised, love, devotion, educated, businessMuhammad...the status of women by treating his wives with...and...Also Muhammad's first wife was...and owned her own...67
13550131550HigherIslamic women had a...status than Christian and Jewish women68
13550131551UmmaA whole community of Muslims69
13550131552HaremThe separate part of a Muslim household for the wives, concubines, and the women's children70
13550131553SufisA new Islamic group in India and Persia71
13550131554Rituals, chants, GodThe Sufis followed...and...to attempt to unite with...72

AP Literature Poetic Devices Flashcards

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12491928829AntithesisContrasting words, clauses or sentences put together; "Man proposes, God disposes"0
12491928830AssonanceRepetition of similar vowel sounds1
12491928831Ballad Metera four-line stanza rhymed abcd with four feet in lines one and three and three feet in lines two and four.2
12491928832blank verseunrhymed iambic pentameter3
12491928833cacophonyA harsh, discordant mixture of sounds4
12491928834CaesuraA natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.5
12491928835ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.6
12491928836ConsonanceRepetition of consonant sounds7
12491928837CoupletTwo consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme8
12491928838DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words9
12491928839didactic poema poem which is intended primarily to teach a lesson10
12491928840dramatic poema poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends11
12492083063elegya sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet's meditations upon death or another solemn theme. Examples include Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"; Alfred, Lord Tennyson's In Memoriam; and Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd."12
12492083064end-stoppeda line with a pause at the end. Lines that end with a period, a comma, a colon, a semicolon, an exclamation point, or a question mark are end- stopped lines. True ease in writing comes from Art, not Chance, As those move easiest who have learn'd to dance.13
12492083065enjambmentthe continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next. Milton's Paradise Lost is notable for its use of enjambment, as seen in the following lines: . . . .Or if Sion hill Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God, . . . .14
12492083066extended metaphoran implied analogy, or comparison, which is carried throughout a stanza or an entire poem. In "The Bait," John Donne compares a beautiful woman to fish bait and men to fish who want to be caught by the woman. Since he carries these comparisons all the way through the poem, these are considered "extended metaphors."15
12492083067euphonya style in which combinations of words pleasant to the ear predominate. Its opposite is cacophony. The following lines from John Keats' Endymion are euphonious: A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness; but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.16
12492083068eye rhymerhyme that appears correct from spelling, but is half-rhyme or slant rhyme from the pronunciation. Examples include "watch" and "match," and "love" and "move."17
12492083069feminine rhymea rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, as "waken" and "forsaken" and "audition" and "rendition." Feminine rhyme is sometimes called double rhyme.18
12492083070heroic couplettwo end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc with the thought usually completed in the two-line unit. See the following example from Alexander Pope's Rape of the Lock: But when to mischief mortals bend their will, How soon they find fit instruments of ill!19
12492083071masculine rhymerhyme that falls on the stressed and concluding syllables of the rhyme-words. Examples include "keep" and "sleep," "glow" and "no," and "spell" and "impel."20
12492083072metonymya figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself. In this way we commonly speak of the king as the "crown," an object closely associated with kingship.21
12492083073mixed metaphorthe mingling of one metaphor with another immediately following with which the first is incongruous. Lloyd George is reported to have said, "I smell a rat. I see it floating in the air. I shall nip it in the bud."22
12492083074parallelisma similar grammatical structure within a line or lines of poetry. Parallelism is characteristic of Asian poetry, being notably present in the Psalms, and it seems to be the controlling principle of the poetry of Walt Whitman, as in the following lines: . . . .Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them. Till the bridge you will need be form'd, till the ductile anchor hold, Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.23
12492083075poetic foota group of syllables in verse usually consisting of one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables associated with it.24
12492083076rhyme royalA seven-line stanza of iambic pentameter rhymed ababbcc, used by Chaucer and other medieval poets.25
12492083077scansiona system for describing the meter of a poem by identifying the number and the type(s) of feet per line.26
12492083078sonnetnormally a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem. The conventional Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet is rhymed abba, abba, cde, cde; the English, or Shakespearean, sonnet is rhymed abab, cdcd, efef, gg.27
12492083079strategy (or rhetorical strategy)the management of language for a specific effect. The strategy or rhetorical strategy of a poem is the planned placing of elements to achieve an effect. The rhetorical strategy of most love poems is deployed to convince the loved one to return to the speaker's love. By appealing to the loved one's sympathy, or by flattery, or by threat, the lover attempts to persuade the loved one to love in return.28
12492083080synecdochea form of metaphor which in mentioning a part signifies the whole. For example, we refer to "foot soldiers" for infantry and "field hands" for manual laborers who work in agriculture.29
12492083081villanellea nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.30

AP Literature Biblical Allusions Flashcards

Biblical Allusions.

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10478354950SolomonThe son of David, was the wisest of all Old Testament Israelite kinds. Solomon also built the Temple of Jerusalem.0
10478354951Good SamaritanTells about an enemy, a Samaritan, taking care of a Jewish man who was beaten and robbed. People who perform random acts of kindness are often called good Samaritans.1
10478354952SalomeThe step-daughter of Herod, who demanded the head of John the Baptist on a platter.2
10478354953Abraham and IsaacFather and son. God tested Abraham's faith by asking him to kill his son, Isaac, which Abraham was willing to do. Both Jews and Arabs trace their lineage to "Father Abraham" : Jews descend from Isaac, Arabs from Abraham's other son, Ishmael.3
10478354954Good ShepardAnother name for Jesus Christ. He took care of his chosen people as a shepherd tending his flock.4
10478354955SamsonA man of the Old Testament who had incredible strength. Samson was betrayed by his lover, Deliah, who found out that his hair was the source of his strength and cut it.5
10478354956Adam and EveThe first man and woman. God drove them from the Garden of Eden after they tasted the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Adam and Eve are the parents of mankind.6
10478354957Queen of ShebaThe ruler of the kingdom of Sheba, who was famous for her beauty and riches.7
10478354958Twelve ApostlesThe original apostles, or followers, of Christ.8
10478354959Cain and AbelAdam and Eve's first sons. Cain murdered his brother, and as a result, was exiled by God. God marked Cain to protect him during his wanderings; this mark of Cain is still considered a sign of mankind's sinful nature.9
10478354960PaulFormerly Saul, was one of the primary leaders of the early Christian church. The New Testament is filled with his letters, or epistles, to many different Christian communities.10
10478354961Four Horsemen of the ApocalypseSigns from the Book of Revelation. Each rider represents a different form of evil: war, famine, pestilence, and death.11
10478354962Jacob's LadderThe ladder of Jacob saw in a dream. The ladder reached from the earth up to heaven and symbolized God's promise to bless Jacob and his descendants.12
10478354963Song of SolomonAlso known as Song of Songs, is a collection of poems about God's love that is often considered an allegory for God's love for his children, as well as an allegory for Jesus love for his people, the church, and the love between a husband and wife. The poems alternate between a narrator and a lover.13
10478354964Promised LandThe land of milk and honey, known as Canaan (or Palestine) that God initially promised to Abraham and his descendents. Moses eventually led the Israelites to the Promised Land, but he could not enter it. Any time something is earned or gained through patience and diligence, it is considered reaching the promised land.14
10478354965Valley of the Shadow of DeathAn image taken from the twenty-third Psalm. Figuratively, it now represents the perils in this life that God protects people from.15
10478354966SerpentA symbol for the devil.16
10478354967Prodigal SonTells of a son who squandered his inheritance but eventually realized his errors and returned home to beg his father's forgiveness. His father welcomed his son back with open arms.17
10478354968Twenty third PsalmThe most famous psalm; it begins with "The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want." The psalm draws its imagery from Exodus and is popular with both Jews and Christians. It is often quoted at funerals because it is reassuring and comforting, stressing God's love and care for his people.18
10478354969Second ComingRefers to the time when Jesus is expected to return to the earth to judge the living and the dead.19
10478354970Garden of EdenThe site of Adam and Eve's perfect existence, until their transgression and subsequent banishment. Any place of complete peace and happiness can be considered a Garden of Eden.20
10478354971Jonah and the WhaleThe story of a prophet who fled to sea rather than answer God's call to prophesy in the city of Nineval. God created a storm, causing other sailors to throw Jonah overboard. Jonah, swallowed by a large fish, spends three days in the fish's belly, praying for forgiveness. The fish spits out Jonah. It gratitude, Jonah prophesies to peoeple in Ninevah.21
10478354972ResurrectionRefers to Jesus' rising from the dead. Belief in the resurrection is essential to Christian doctrine.22
10478354973ArmageddonThe final battle between God and the devil at the end of the world, as described in the book of Revelation. Any major, climatic battle is sometimes considered Armageddon - the final battle between good and evil.23
10478354974ExodusThe second book of the Bible. It recounts the journey of Moses and the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. The word exodus comes from the Greek, meaning departure.24
10478354975Judgement DayOccurs at the End of Time, during the Second Coming, when Jesus will judge the living and the dead.25
10478354976BethlehemThe birthplace of Jesus; it's a village near Jerusalem.26
10478354977GenesisThe first book of the Bible and now refers to any beginning.27
10478354978NazarethThe hometown of Joseph, Mary, and Jesus, thus the name "Jesus of Nazareth."28
10478354979CalvaryThe site of Jesus' Crucifixion; it's a hill near Jerusalem.29
10478354980GolgothaSkull place, is another name for Calvary.30
10478354981ApocalypseAnother name for the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible. An apocalypse refers to a final battle or catastrophe; the Apocalypse is the end of time.31
10478354982DamascusAn Ancient city in Syria. The road to Damascus was the site of Saul's conversion to Paul and is used now to describe any sudden turning point in an individual's life.32
10478354983HellA place of evil and darkness, the opposite of heaven, the realm of Satan. The wicked who do not atone for their sins spend all eternity in hell.33
10478354984ApocryphaRefers to the scriptural writings that are accepted and published by some Christian denominations but not others. For example, the Roman Catholic Bible includes Maccabees I and II and Sirach, whereas the King James Version does not.34
10478354985Burning BushThe method by which God revealed himself to Moses. Although the bush was on fire, it did not burn.35
10478354986Last SupperRefers to the final meal that Jesus shared with his disciples before being betrayed and sentenced to death.36
10478354987Sodom and GomorrahTwo cities that God destroyed because of the illicit sexual practices of their people, including sodomy and bestiality. The names are associated with perversity.37
10478354988Thief in the NightRefers to the unexpected and quick arrival of someone. This is taken from 1st Thessalonians, which encourages Christians to be vigilant regarding the Second Coming.38
10478354989Forbidden FruitRefers to the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, which Adam and Eve were instructed not to eat. Traditionally, the forbidden fruit is an apple, though this has no Biblical origin. Contemporary forbidden fruits are things that are off-limits. Often, forbidden fruits are sexual in nature.39
10478354990Daniel in the lion's denThe story that tells of the prophet Daniel, who was sent into a den of lions to be destroyed; but an angel of the lord protected him, and he was unhurt. Any character facing an immensely challenging situation is likened to Daniel in the lion's den.40
10478354991Wolf in sheep's clothingPhrase that refers to false prophets. The book of Matthew says that these prophets will come in sheep's clothing, but inwardly be ravenous wolves.41
10478354992Fatted CalfThe parable of the Prodigal Son. The fatted calf was sacrificed to celebrate the return of the wayward son.42
10478354993An eye for an eyeRefers to an Old Testament principle of justice, where punishment was equal to the crime committed. The New Testament teaches of Jesus countering this with, "Turn the other cheek."43
10478354994Parting of the Red SeaRefers to an event during the exodus of God's chosen people, the Israelites, from Egypt. According to the bible, while fleeing Egyptian forces, Moses and the Israelites came upon the Red Sea; God parted the waters to enable the Israelites to pass and then closed them up again and drowned the Egyptians.44
10478354995The eye of a needleRefers to the difficulty the rich have for gaining access into heaven. Speaking metaphorically, Jesus said that it's easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to attain the Kingdom of God.45
10478354996Turn the other cheekJesus commanded his disciples to "turn the other cheek" rather than demand Old Testament justice, which called for an eye for an eye. This command came from the Sermon on the Mount.46
10478354997"Am I my brother's keeper?"This is from the Bible story of Cain and Abel, Adam's and Eve's sons. Upon learning that God had accepted Abel's sacrifice and not his own, Cain killed Abel. When God asked Cain where his brother was, Cain replied, "Am I my brother's keeper?"47
10478354998MosesThe Old Testament prophet who led the Israelites out of Egypt. Moses received the Ten Commandments from God and led God's chosen people to the Promised Land.48
10478354999LuciferThe Angel of Light, who led the rebellion against God and was tossed out of heaven, becoming the devil.49
10478355000Loaves and the FishRefers to the miracle that Jesus performed when he fed the masses with only five loaves of bread and two fish. After thousands ate their fill, the remainder filled 12 baskets.50
10478355001MichaelThe archangel, or angel of highest rank, and is often considered to be the angel who will lead the army of angels on Judgement Day.51
10478355002Lot's wifeA disobedient woman who was punished by God. When she turned back to look at the city that was to be destroyed - in direct violation of God's command - she was turned into a pillar of salt.52
10478355003Alpha & OmegaThe first and last letters of the Greek alphabet; used in conjunction, they represent God, who is the beginning and the end.53
10478355004MethuselahThe oldest person mentioned in the Bible. He was the grandfather of Noah; he lived for 969 years.54
10478355005LazarusA man who Jesus raised from the dead.55
10478355006NoahA man in the Old Testament who obeyed God's command to build an ark; he loaded two of each kind of animal on the ark to save them from the flood that God sent to destroy the world.56
10478355007Mary MagdaleneThe repentant prostitute who anointed the feet of Jesus. She was one of the women who remained with Jesus, during and after his crucifixion, and discovered the empty tomb, which indicated Jesus' resurrection.57
10478355008Judas IscariotOne of the original twelve Apostles. he was the one who betrayed Jesus. Judas, like Benedict Arnold, is a name used for one who betrays another.58
10478355009John the BaptistA cousin to Jesus and was the "voice in the wilderness" that cried out to prepare people for the way of the lord.59
10478355010IsraelThe new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God; the name means "one who has been strong against God."60
10478355011ChristAnother title for Jesus, meaning the "Chosen One." In literature, characters who sacrifice themselves for others are often called Christ figures.61
10478355012JobAn Old Testament whose faith was severely tested by Satan (with God's approval). Job endured so much that people who endure long suffering are said to have the patience of Job.62
10478355013IsaiahAn Old Testament prophet who foretold the coming of the Messiah, or Savior.63
10478355014AntichristThe enemy of Jesus, who will appear on earth before the Second Coming of Christ. Often compared to a beast, many evil men - such as Nero, Stalin, Hitler, and Hussein - have been called the Antichrist.64
10478355015JezebelAn immoral queen of Israel who tried to kill the prophet Elijah.65
10478355016GabrielGod's Messenger Angel. Christians cite Gabriel as the Annunciation Angel, and Muslims believe Gabriel appeared to Muhammad to reveal the sacred laws of the Koran.66
10478355017SatanAnother name for the devil. The devil is considered to be the fallen angel Lucifer.67
10478355018JesusTo Christians, was the son of God, a person who was both God and man. He died to atone for mankind's sins and rise from the dead.68
10478355019DavidA great king of the Israelites. As a boy, he fought against and defeated the giant Goliath, David is the father of Solomon and is an ancestor of Jesus.69
10478355020PeterOriginally called Simon, was one of the Twelve Apostles. He was the one who denied Jesus three times and upon whom Jesus built his church; that is, Peter became the leader of Christ's new church. It was said that Peter was entrusted with the keys to heaven.70
10478355021BeelzebubAnother name for the devil. In Milton's Paradise Lost, Beelzebub is second in command to Lucifer.71
10478355022Tower of BabelOriginally intended to reach into heaven, was built by the descendants of Noah, who were unified in speech in the city of Babel. Because of their arrogance, God confused their speech, making the people unable to understand one another, thus creating the different languages of Earth.72
10478355023Crown of thornsA mock crown, woven cut of thorny branches, that Jesus was forced to wear by Roman soldiers. Anything that causes immense pain and suffering can be called a crown of thorns.73
10478355024Jacob and EsauIsaac's sons. Esau traded his inheritance to Jacob for food, and then Jacob stole their father's deathbed blessing - usually reserved for the first-born son - by disguising himself as his brother.74
10478355025Sermon on the MountThe first sermon of Jesus. Among the many teachings of Jesus, the Sermon on the Mount contains the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer, and the Golden Rule.75
10478355026Coat of many colorsThe cat Jacob gave to his son, Joseph. His brothers became jealous, coveting Joseph's gift, and sold Joseph into slavery.76
10478355027Plagues of Egypt10 Disasters that God sent to Egypt in order to convince the pharaoh to "let [His] people go." The plagues included things such as locusts, frogs, boils, and even death.77
10478355028Golden CalfAn idol created for the Israelites during the time they roamed the desert in search of the Promised Land. Fearing Moses would not return from Mt. Sinai and needing a god to lead them, they had Aaron create the golden calf out of melted jewelry. When Moses returned with the Ten Commandments, he found the people worshiping this false god.78
10478355029Olive branchAfter 40 days of rain, Noah sent a dove from the ark to search for dry land, and it came back with an olive branch in its beak. Both the dove and the olive branch are considered signs of peace.79
10478355030Tree of knowledge of good and evilContained the forbidden fruit, of which Adam and Eve's were commanded by God not to eat. Adam's and Eve's disobedience led to the Fall of Man and was famously chronicled in Milton's Paradise Lost.80
10478355031CrucifixionRefers to the death of Jesus by hanging on a cross, bound by ropes or nailed through the hands and feet.81
10478355032AnnunciationThe Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and told her that she was going to bear a son. The visit and the pronouncement are together considered to be the annunciation.82
10478355033Thirty pieces of silverRefers to the price paid to Judas Iscariot for betraying Jesus. This is known as blood money and currently refers to any treacherous act.83
10478355034MessiahRefers to the "anointed one", meaning one who is anointed with oil after reaching a high position among ancient Israelies - king, priest, or prophet. For Christians, this was Jesus Christ. For Jews, the Messiah has not yet come to the world.84
10478355035Gold, frankincense, and myrrhThe gifts the three wise men gave to baby Jesus on the day of his birth.85
10478355036Walking on waterOne of the many miracles performed by Jesus. Those who walk on water today are said to have completed almost miraculous, godlike acts.86
10478355037AngelsBeings that live in both heaven and hell. Angels residing in hell rebelled against God and were subsequently banished. Sometimes angels are sent from God to deliver messages.87
10478355038BeatitudesThe words of Jesus, spoken during the Sermon on the Mount. Each beatitude begins with, "Blessed are the..."88
10478355039Doubting ThomasRefers to the apostle Thomas, who was not present with the others when they saw the risen Jesus Christ. He demanded to see for himself and touch Jesus' wounds before he would believe that Christ had risen from the dead. Those with little faith are often referred to as doubting Thomases.89
10478355040CherubimHeavenly angels. A single angel is a cherub. he cherubim are second only to seraphim in the hierarchy of angels and are usually represented as rosy-cheeked children with wings.90
10478355041Ten CommandmentsThe rules God gave to Moses, written on stone tablets, for the Israelites to follow as they lived their lives.91
10478355042PhilistineRefers to a person who is uncultured. It comes from the Old Testament enemies of the Israelites.92
10478355043DisciplesFollowers. Originally, they were the followers of Jesus, but now the term is used to describe anyone who follows a leader.93
10478355044CovenantAn agreement, or contract, between God and his people.94
10478356429John the Baptistborn before Jesus and announced his coming. Baptized Jesus and was one of his followers. After Jesus's death, he was captured by Herod for preaching Jesus's word. Salome danced for Herod, who offered her any gift in payment for her wonderful dancing. She requested the head of John the Baptist, which was delivered to her on a sliver platter95
10478363563The Last SupperThe last meal Jesus ate with his disciples. At this meal Jesus told his disciples that one of them would betray him before the night was out.96
10478388980Birth of JesusThe hometown of Mary and Joseph was Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. Magi came from the east to worship him, alerting King Herod to a possible threat to his rule. Mary and Joseph escaped to Egypt to escape the threat from Herod, only returning after his death, but Joseph was told in a dream to turn aside and travel to Galilee, where Jesus grew up in the town of Nazareth. Nativity97

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