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Vocab 1-50 Barbour AP Language Flashcards

13140969875	gaunt	thin and bony	0
13140969876	derelict	(n.) someone or something that is abandoned or neglected;	1
13140969877	carious	showing white spots, brown spots, or decay on tooth surfaces	2
13140969878	placard	sign	3
13140969879	bonhomie	good-naturedness	4
13140969880	suppuration	the formation or discharge of pus	5
13140969881	arcane	known or understood by only a few	6
13140969882	phantasm	a phantom; an apparition; something unreal, as in a dream or a vision	7
13140969883	intransigent	refusing to compromise, irreconcilable	8
13140969884	excoriate	to criticize severely	9
13140969885	aghast	feeling great dismay or horror	10
13140969886	recalcitrance	having a stubborn or uncooperative attitude	11
13140969887	mortify	subdue (the body or its needs and desires) by self-denial or discipline.	12
13140969888	vitriol	cruel and bitter criticism	13
13140969889	bravado	false bravery	14
13140969890	icon	a representation or image of a sacred personage, often considered sacred itself	15
13140969891	husbanding	careful with spending	16
13140969892	perdition	damnation; ruin; hell	17
13140969893	duress	(n.) compulsion by threat; forcible confinement	18
13140969894	touchstone	a standard; a test of authenticity or quality	19
13140969895	spasm	sudden, involuntary muscle contraction	20
13140969896	perpetual	never ending or changing	21
13140969897	imminence	quality of being ready to take place	22
13140969898	lurid	glowing like fire through a haze	23
13140969899	erratic	irregular	24
13140969900	chiaroscuro	an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.	25
13140969901	vile	extremely unpleasant	26
13140969902	attar	a fragrant essential oil, typically made from rose petals.	27
13140969903	wrack	destruction	28
13140969904	timbre	quality of sound	29
13140969905	dotard	foolish old man	30
13140969906	eschew	to avoid	31
13140969907	bidding	command; making an offer	32
13140969908	monody	solo song with instrumental accompaniment	33
13140969909	vertigo	Condition of dizziness, "room spinning"	34
13140969910	veer	to change direction	35
13140969911	oblique	indirect; slanting	36
13140969912	chagrin	embarrassment	37
13140969913	scree	Loose rock debris covering a slope	38
13140969914	redolent	having a pleasant odor; suggestive or evocative	39
13140969915	viridian	bluish green	40
13140969916	anodyne	something that calms or soothes pain	41
13140969917	demure	quiet and modest; reserved	42
13140969918	lambent	softly bright or radiant	43
13140969919	penumbra	The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part	44
13140969920	resonance	A phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency	45
13140969921	suasion	the act of persuading	46
13140969922	mordant	bitingly sarcastic	47
13140969923	repudiation	rejection of a proposal or idea	48
13140969924	dudgeon	a feeling of offense or deep resentment	49

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AP Language & Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

A complete list of all vocabulary words given throughout the trimester, I will keep updating this list every time we get new words.

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14684730992	Abstract	N. Abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research	0
14684730993	Ad hominem	Directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason	1
14684730994	Adage	A saying or proverb containing a generally accepted truth or sentiment	2
14684730995	Allegory	A story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface	3
14684730996	Alliteration	Repetition of one of more initial consonants in a group of words or lines in a poem	4
14684730997	Allusion	Reference to a person, place, event, meant to create an effect or enhance meaning	5
14684730998	Ambiguity	A vagueness of meaning; conscious lack of clarity to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations	6
14684730999	Anachronism	Person, scene, or event that fails to correspond with appropriate time era	7
14684731000	Analogy	Comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things	8
14684731001	Anecdote	Brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point	9
14684731002	Annotation	A brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature	10
14684731003	Antagonist	Character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict	11
14684731004	Antecedent	A word to which a pronoun refers - Must agree in person and number	12
14684731005	Antithesis	Rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences	13
14684731006	Apollonian	In contrast to Dionysian, refers to most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior	14
14684731007	Apostrophe	A locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present	15
14684731008	Arch	Characterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful	16
14684731009	Archetype	An abstract or ideal conception of a type; a model or form	17
14684731010	Assonance	Repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry	18
14684731011	Bard	A poet	19
14684731012	Bathos	Insincere or overdone sentimentality	20
14684731013	Belles	lettres-A French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general	21
14684731014	Bombast	Inflated, pretentious language	22
14684731015	Burlesque	A work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation	23
14684731016	Cacophony	Grating, inharmonious sounds	24
14684731017	Canon	The works considered important in a national literature or period	25
14684731018	Caricature	A grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things	26
14684731019	Carpe Diem	Seize the day - a common theme	27
14684731020	Circumlocution	Literally "talking around" a subject	28

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Aztecs and Incas Flashcards

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9132486882	Mexico	Where the Aztecs Empire thrived before Spanish conquest in the 16th century	0
9132486883	Tenochtitlan	Capital city of the Aztecs	1
9132486884	Chinampas	Floating gardens of the Aztecs	2
9132486885	Coast of South America	Where the Incan Empire was located	3
9132486886	Cuzco	The Incan Capital city	4
9132486887	Terraced farming	The steep terrain of the Andes Mountains caused farming to be done in steps	5
9132486888	Irrigation canals	built of stone, brought water to the Incas crops	6
9132486889	No written language	used Incan runners and rope bridges to carry messages	7
9132486890	Machu Picchu	an Incan city 8,000 feet above sea level	8
9132486891	Conquistadors	Spanish conquerors/soldiers a term used to describe Cortez	9
9132486892	Spanish explorer who first came to Mexico	Hernan Cortez	10
9132486893	Quetzalcoatl	An Aztec god that Montezuma II, the Aztec ruler, thought Hernan Cortes was	11
9132486894	Smallpox	a disease the Spanish brought with them that wiped out thousands of Aztec people	12
9132486895	Gold, God, and Glory	the reason for European exploration of the New World	13
9132486896	Disease and better weapons	how the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec and Incan Empires despite their large numbers	14
9132486897	Spanish Hernandez Cortez and his soldiers	Conquered the Aztecs, destroyed Tenochtitlan, and killed Montezuma	15
9132486898	Francisco Pizarro	Conquered the Incas and Atahualpa	16
9132486899	How the Spanish overtook the Aztecs and Incans	Disease, advanced weapons, and the ability to convince other tribes to join them, helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and Incans.	17
9132486900	Mestizos	Offspring of European settlers and American Indians	18
9132486901	Mulattoes	Offspring of Africans and Europeans	19
9132496172	Guns, Germs, and Steel	Forces of environment determined how Europeans were able to gain an advantage over most other cultures in the world.	20

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AP Macroeconomics Unit 2 Flashcards

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13778160753	Gross Domestic Product	The dollar value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in one year Most important measure of economic growth	0
13778160754	GDP Per Capita	GDP divided by the population. It identifies on average how many products each person makes Best measure of standard of living	1
13778160755	Expenditures Approach	Add up all the spending on final goods and services produced in a given year	2
13778160756	Income Approach	Add up all the income that resulted from selling all final goods and services produced in a given year -- Labor Income/Rental Income/Interest Income/Profit	3
13778160757	Nominal GDP	GDP measured in current prices. It doesn't account for inflation from year to year.	4
13778160758	Real GDP	GDP expressed in constant or unchanging dollars -- adjusts for inflation Best measure of economic growth	5
13778160791	The Business Cycle		6
13778160759	Three Major Economic Goals for Every Country	1. Promote economic growth 2. Limit unemployment 3. Keep prices stable (limit inflation)	7
13778160760	What is the formula to calculate the percent change in GDP?	(year 2 - year 1)/year 1 x 100	8
13778160762	What is NOT included in GDP?	-Intermediate goods (goods inside final goods) -Non production transactions (stocks, bonds, real estate) -Non market/illegal activities (household production)	9
13778160763	Four components of GDP	1. Consumer Spending 2. Investment (business spending on tools/equipment 3. Government spending (NOT transfer payments) 4. Net exports -- exports (x) - Imports (M)	10
13778160764	GDP = ?	C + I + G + Xn	11
13778160765	Income approach adds up	1. Labor income 2. Rental income 3. Interest income 4. Profit Factor payments	12
13778160766	Unemployment	Workers that are actively looking for a job but currently aren't working	13
13778160767	Frictional Unemployment	Temporary unemployment or being between jobs Individuals are qualified workers with transferable skills	14
13778160768	Structural Unemployment	Changes in labor force make some skills obsolete Workers DO NOT have transferable skills and these jobs won't come back Permanent loss of jobs = creative destruction Workers must learn new skills	15
13778160769	Cyclical Unemployment	Unemployment caused by a recession As demand for goods/services falls, demand for labor falls and workers are fired "Demand deficient unemployment"	16
13778160770	How do you calculate the unemployment rate?	Percent of people unemployed (# unemployed)/(# in labor force) x 100	17
13778160771	Who is in the labor force?	-Above 16 years -Able/willing to work -Not institutionalized (jail/hospital) -Not in military, in school full time, or retired	18
13778160772	Why is zero percent unemployment not our goal?	Frictional/structural unemployment are present always because people will always be between jobs or replaced by technology	19
13778160774	Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU)	Frictional + structural unemployment The amount of employment that exists when the economy is healthy and growing	20
13778160775	Full Employment Output (Y)	The Real GDP created when there is no cyclical unemployment	21
13778160776	Labor Force Participation Rate	Percent of population in the labor force. If people leave the labor force, the unemployment rate falls	22
13778160777	Discouraged Workers	Some people are no longer looking for a job because they have given up	23
13778160778	Inflation	The rising in the general level of prices and it reduces the "purchasing power" of money	24
13778160779	Nominal Wage	Wage measured by dollars rather than in purchasing power	25
13778160780	Real Wage	Wage adjusted for inflation Inflation -- workers have to ask their boss for a raise	26
13778160781	Who is hurt by unanticipated inflation?	-Lenders (people who lend money at fixed interest rates) -People with fixed incomes -Savers	27
13778160782	Who is helped by unanticipated inflation?	-Borrowers (people who borrow money) -A business where the price of the product increases faster than the price of resources	28
13778160783	Inflation Rate	The percent change in prices from year to year Can use CPI to calculate this	29
13778160784	Price Indices	Index numbers assigned to each year that show how prices have changed relative to a specific base year (base year given 100)	30
13778160785	How do you calculate the inflation rate?	% change in prices = (year 2 - year 1)/(year 1) x 100	31
13778160786	Problems with the CPI	1. Substitution bias 2. New products 3. Product quality	32
13778160787	How do you calculate the GDP Price Index (Deflator)?	(Nominal GDP)/(Real GDP) x 100	33
13778160788	Causes of Inflation	1. The government prints too much money ---If the government keeps printing money to pay off debts they could end up with hyperinflation 2. Demand - Pull Inflation: Demand pulls up prices -- overheated economy with excessive spending but the same goods 3. Cost - Push Inflation: Higher production costs increase Prices	34
13778160789	Real Interest Rates	Percentage increase in purchasing power that a borrower pays Real = Nominal - Inflation	35
13778160790	Nominal Interest Rates	Percent increase in money that a borrower pays not adjusting for inflation	36
13778202457	Underemployed Workers	Someone who wants more hours but can't get them is still considered employed	37

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Ap Flashcards

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14965769470	affluent	wealthy	0
14965769471	annex	(v.) To add to, attach: to incorporate;(n.) An attachment or addition	1
14965769472	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility	2
14965769473	Bureaucracy	System of governmental agencies and departments	3
14965769474	Clergy	Religious officials	4
14965769475	consolidate	(v.) to combine, unite; to make solid or firm	5
14965769476	deity	god	6
14965769477	despotism	Ruled by a dictator	7
14965769478	Diaspora	Scattering of people into many places	8
14965769479	Diffusion	Spreading from one culture to another	9
14965769480	hegemony	domination over others	10
14965769481	inter	between, among	11
14965769482	intra	within	12
14965769483	maritime	relating to the sea and shipping	13
14965769484	Monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	14
14965769485	Patriarchal	Dominated by men	15
14965769486	predominant	most common or most noticeable	16
14965769487	sacred	Dealing with religion	17
14965769488	Secular	Non-religious	18
14965769489	Syncretic	Blended	19
14965769490	Textiles	cloth items	20
14965769491	Theocracy	government run by religious leaders	21
14965769492	ubiquitous	present or existing everywhere	22
14965769493	usurp	to seize and hold a position by force or without right	23
14979954782	Ascetism	Discipline in obstaining from worldly pleasures	24

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AP Psych Research Methods Flashcards

Review terms for Unit II

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10719815261	hindsight bias	the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it	0
10719815262	theory	an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations	1
10719815263	operational definition	a statement of the procedures used to define research variables	2
10719815264	case study	an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles	3
10719815265	population	all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study	4
10719815266	naturalistic observation	involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation	5
10719815267	correlation coefficient	a statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1 to +1)	6
10719815268	illusory correlation	perception of a relationship where none exists	7
10719815269	random assignment	assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups	8
10719815270	placebo effect	experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent	9
10719815271	control group	the group that does not receive the experimental treatment	10
10719815272	dependent variable	the variable that is measured in a study	11
10719815273	mean	the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores	12
10719815274	range	the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution	13
10719815275	normal curve	the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes	14
10719815276	culture	the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization	15
10719815277	inferential statistics	mathematical methods that allow us to determine whether we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population	16
10719815278	situation relevant confounding variables	the situations for different groups in an experiment must be similar or the same, otherwise it will skew the results	17
10719815279	ex post facto study	"after the fact", meaning a correlational study or research in which pre-existing groups were used	18
10719815280	positively skewed distribution	asymmetric distribution in which the majority of the data is concentrated below (to the left of) the mean	19
10719815281	regression line	the best-fitting straight line drawn through the center of a scatterplot that indicates the relationship between the variables	20
10719815282	debrief	to explain the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant	21
10719815283	critical thinking	thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions - rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions	22
10719815284	hypothesis	a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations	23
10719815285	replication	the repetition of an experiment in order to test the validity of its conclusion	24
10719815286	survey	a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them	25
10719815287	random sample	method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal probability of being selected	26
10719815288	correlation	a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other	27
10719815289	scatterplots	a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables	28
10719815290	experiment	a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process	29
10719815291	double-blind procedure	an experimental procedure in which both the research participant and the research staff are ignorant about whether the participants have received the treatment or the placebo	30
10719815292	experimental group	the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable	31
10719815293	independent variable	the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on another variable	32
10719815294	mode	the most frequently occurring score in a distribution	33
10719815295	median	the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it	34
10719815296	standard deviation	a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean; square root of variance	35
10719815297	statistical significance	a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance	36
10719815298	informed consent	an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate	37
10719815299	experimenter bias	a phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained	38
10719815300	Hawthorne effect	phenomenon in which participants' knowledge that they're being studied can affect their behavior	39
10719815301	z scores	measures distance (in units of standard deviations) from the mean	40
10719815302	negatively skewed distribution	asymmetric distribution in which the majority of the data is concentrated to the right of the mean	41
10719815303	coercion	interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to behave in a particular way	42