Flashcards
AP Biology : Chemical Groups Flashcards
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| 10599198863 | Hydroxyl Group | -is polar due to electronegative oxygen. -forms hydrogen bonds with water, helping dissolve compounds such as sugars. -compound name: alcohol (specific name usually ends in -ol) |  | 0 |
| 10599198864 | Carbonyl Group | -sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses; those with aldehydes are called aldoses. -compound name: ketone (carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton) or aldehyde (carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton) |  | 1 |
| 10599198865 | Carboxyl Group | -acts as an acid (can donate H+) because the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar. -compound name: carboxylic acid, or organic acid |  | 2 |
| 10599198866 | Amino Group | -acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution (water, in living organisms) -compound name: amine |  | 3 |
| 10599198867 | Sulfhydryl Group | -two--SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that helps stabilize protein structure. -hair protein cross-links maintain the straightness or curliness of hair; in hair salons, permanent treatments break cross-links, then re-form them while the hair is in the desired shape. -compound name: thiol |  | 4 |
| 10599198868 | Phosphate Group | -contributes negative charge (1 - when positioned inside a chain of phosphates; 2 - when at the end) -when attached, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water, releasing energy. -compound name: organic phosphate |  | 5 |
| 10599198869 | Methyl Group | -affects the expression of genes when on DNA or on proteins bound to DNA. -affects the shape and function of male and female sex hormones. -compound name: methylated compound |  | 6 |
| 10599198870 | Hydrocarbons | -molecules with H and C -not in most living things -a component of macromolecules (such as lipids) -nonpolar -release large amounts of energy when involved in reactions |  | 7 |
| 10599198871 | Isomers | -compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and proteins |  | 8 |
| 10599198872 | Types of Isomers | -structural -cis-trans -enantiomers | 9 | |
| 10599198873 | Structural Isomers | -isomers that have different covalent arrangements of their atoms... aka same structure different arrangement | 10 | |
| 10599198874 | Cis-Trans Isomers | -isomers that have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements... aka same formula, different positioning around a double bond | 11 | |
| 10599198875 | Enantiomers | -same formula, mirror image positioning around a central carbon -biological systems tend to use only one of any two of this form -all cells use D-sugars, and L-amino acids | 12 | |
| 10599198876 | Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | -the potential to react with water, a reaction that releases energy to be used by the cell | 13 | |
| 10599198877 | Functional Groups | -the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions | 14 |
Flashcards
AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards
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| 14972983681 | Sui dynasty | Short dynasty between Han and Tang. Built Grand Canal, strengthened government, and introduced Buddhism to China. |  | 0 |
| 14972983682 | Qur'an | Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. |  | 1 |
| 14972983722 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. |  | 2 |
| 14972983683 | Tang dynasty | China expands to Vietnam, Imperial examination perfected. New technologies (paper money, gunpowder, junks, etc...) through silk road. (618 - 907 C.E.) |  | 3 |
| 14972983723 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. |  | 4 |
| 14972983684 | umma | The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Its goal was to create a just and moral society where all believers are community. | 5 | |
| 14972983685 | Song dynasty | Million people there. Foot binding, magnetic compass, navy, and traded with India and Persia. (960 - 1279 C.E.) |  | 6 |
| 14972983724 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |  | 7 |
| 14972983686 | Pillars of Islam | (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Almsgiving. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. | 8 | |
| 14972983687 | Hangzhou | Capitol of later Song Dynasty | 9 | |
| 14972983725 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. |  | 10 |
| 14972983688 | hijra | Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. | 11 | |
| 14972983689 | gunpowder | an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. | 12 | |
| 14972983726 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. |  | 13 |
| 14972983690 | sharia | Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. | 14 | |
| 14972983691 | jizya | poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. | 15 | |
| 14972983692 | economic revolution | Rapid population growth, economic speculation, increase in industrial production and innovations (Song dynasty). Made China the richest, most skilled, and most populous country on Earth. | 16 | |
| 14972983727 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. |  | 17 |
| 14972983693 | foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet to make them smaller. |  | 18 |
| 14972983728 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. |  | 19 |
| 14972983694 | Umayyad caliphate | 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). | 20 | |
| 14972983695 | tribute system | Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people that assumed subordination of all non-chinese authorities. | 21 | |
| 14972983729 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. |  | 22 |
| 14972983696 | Abbasid caliphate | 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Founded the city of Baghdad, the capitol of the "Golden Age." | 23 | |
| 14972983697 | Xiongnu | major nomadic confederation that was established in 200 BCE and eventually reached from Manchuria to Central Asia. |  | 24 |
| 14972983730 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |  | 25 |
| 14972983698 | ulama | scholars of Muslim religion and law. | 26 | |
| 14972983699 | Khitan | a nomadic people from Northeast Asia who from the 4th century inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East. | 27 | |
| 14972983731 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. |  | 28 |
| 14972983700 | Sufism | Mystical system of Sufis, an ascetic Muslim sect. | 29 | |
| 14972983701 | Mullah Nasruddin | imaginary folk character within world of islam; usually among sufis; has skeptical attitude towards vanity and ego | 30 | |
| 14972983732 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. |  | 31 |
| 14972983702 | Jurchen | a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until around 1630, at which point they were reformed and combined with their neighbors as the Manchu. | 32 | |
| 14972983703 | Silla dynasty | First ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to Korean Peninsula. Allowed China to bring unity to the Korean peninsula | 33 | |
| 14972983733 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. |  | 34 |
| 14972983704 | al-Ghazali | brilliant Islamic theologian; attempted to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions. |  | 35 |
| 14972983705 | hangul | phonetic alphabet in Korea |  | 36 |
| 14972983734 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. |  | 37 |
| 14972983706 | Sikhism | a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. | 38 | |
| 14972983707 | chu nom | a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. | 39 | |
| 14972983708 | Ibn Battuta | an Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records. | 40 | |
| 14972983735 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. |  | 41 |
| 14972983709 | Shotoku Taishi | Japanese statesman who launched the drive to make Japan into centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China. |  | 42 |
| 14972983736 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. |  | 43 |
| 14972983710 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning. |  | 44 |
| 14972983711 | bushido | "way of the warrior" | 45 | |
| 14972983737 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. |  | 46 |
| 14972983712 | al-Andalus | Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). | 47 | |
| 14972983713 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Kingdom of Mali (Muslim) sought to expand kingdom for gold. |  | 48 |
| 14972983714 | Izumi Shikibu | Mid Heian period Japanese poet. Wrote about political posturing and love affairs of aristocratic men and women. | 49 | |
| 14972983738 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.) |  | 50 |
| 14972983715 | Chinese Buddhism | Entered China through cultural accommodations. Useful to helping nomadic rulers govern northern China. | 51 | |
| 14972983739 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. |  | 52 |
| 14972983716 | madrassas | formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. | 53 | |
| 14972983717 | Emperor Wendi | Sui Emperor who patronized Buddhism. Built monasteries at the base of China's 5 sacred mountains. |  | 54 |
| 14972983740 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.) |  | 55 |
| 14972983718 | House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. |  | 56 |
| 14972983741 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. |  | 57 |
| 14972983719 | Ibn Sina | Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. He wrote the Canon on Medicine, an encyclopedia of medicinal cures |  | 58 |
| 14972983742 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 59 |
| 14972983743 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | The first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.) |  | 60 |
| 14972983720 | Church of the East | Planted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church |  | 61 |
| 14972983721 | Perpetua | Christian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards. |  | 62 |
| 14972983744 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). |  | 63 |
| 14972983745 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. |  | 64 |
Flashcards
Unit 7-12 vocab AP language Flashcards
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| 14231281025 | allay | (v.) to calm or pacify, set to rest; to lessen or relieve SYN: reduce, alleviate, moderate ANT: aggravate, exacerbate, intensify | 0 | |
| 14231281026 | Bestial | (adj.) beastlike; beastly, brutal; subhuman in intelligence and sensibility Synonyms:animalistic, loathsome Antonyms: human, clement, virtuous, upright | 1 | |
| 14231281027 | convival | (adj) festive, sociable, having fun together, genial Synonyms: fun loving, jovial, merry Antonyms: dour, sullen, unsociable | 2 | |
| 14231281028 | Coterie | (n.) a circle of acquaintances; a close-knit, often exclusive, group of people with a common interest Synonyms: clique, set | 3 | |
| 14231281029 | Counterpart | (n.) a person or thing closely resembling or corresponding to another; a complement Synonyms: match | 4 | |
| 14231281030 | Demur | (v.) to object or take exception to; (n) an objection Synonyms: protest, object to Antonyms:(v) Assent to, consent to, accept, agree to | 5 | |
| 14231281031 | effrontery | (n) shameless boldness, imprudence Synonyms: Chutzpah, nerve, impertinence, cheek Antonyms: shyness, diffidence, timidity | 6 | |
| 14231281032 | embellish | (v.) to decorate, adorn, touch up; to improve by adding details Synonyms: garnish Antonyms: strip, mar, disfigure | 7 | |
| 14231281033 | Ephemeral | (adj) lasting only a short time, short lived Synonyms: transient, evanescent, transitory Antonyms: durable, long lasting, permanent, perpetual | 8 | |
| 14231281034 | felicitous | (adj.) appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy Synonyms: fortunate, well put Antonyms: inappropriate, inept, graceless, unhappy | 9 | |
| 14231281035 | furtive | (adj) done slyly or stealthily, sneaky, secret, secret, shifty; stolen Synonyms: covert, surreptitious Antonyms: aboveboard, open | 10 | |
| 14231281036 | garish | (adj.) glaring; tastelessly showy or or overdecorated in a vulgar or offensive way | 11 | |
| 14231281037 | illusory | (adj.) misleading, deceptive; lacking in or not based on reality Synonyms: specious, spurious, imaginary Antonyms: actual, real, factual, objective | 12 | |
| 14231281038 | indigent | (adj.) needy, impoverished Synonyms: penniless, poverty-stricken, destitute Antonyms: affluent, prosperous | 13 | |
| 14231281039 | inordinate | (adj.) far too great, exceeding reasonable limits, excessive Synonyms: exorbitant, extravagant Antonyms: reasonable, equitable | 14 | |
| 14231281040 | jettison | (v.) to cast overboard, get rid of as unnecessary or burdensome Synonyms: cast off, discard, dump, junk Antonyms: conserve, retain, hold on to, keep | 15 | |
| 14231281041 | misanthrope | (n.) a person who hates or despises people Synonyms: people hater | 16 | |
| 14231281042 | pertinacious | (adj.) very persistent; holding firmly to a course of action or a set of beliefs; hard to get rid of, refusing to be put off or denied Synonyms: stubborn, determined | 17 | |
| 14231281043 | picayune | (adj) of little value or importance, paltry, measly; concerned with trifling matters, small minded Synonyms: piddling, triffling Antonyms: important, significant, huge, gigantic | 18 | |
| 14231281044 | raiment | (n) clothing, garments Synonyms: apparel, attire | 19 | |
| 14231281045 | Allege | (v.) to assert without proof or confirmation Synonmys: Contend Antonyms: prove | 20 | |
| 14231281046 | Arrant | (adj.) thoroughgoing, out-and-out; shameless, blatant Synonmys: egregiou, unmitigated | 21 | |
| 14231281047 | Badinage | (n) light and playful conversation Synonmys: banter, persiflage, repartee Antonyms: sermon | 22 | |
| 14231281048 | conciliate | (v) to overcome the distrust of, win over; to appease, pacify, to reconcile, make consistent Synonmys: mollify, propitate Antonyms: antagonize, alienate, estrange | 23 | |
| 14231281049 | Countermand | (v) to cancel or reverse one order or command with another that is contrary to the first Synonmys: recall, revoke Antonyms:reaffirm, reassert | 24 | |
| 14231281050 | Echelon | (n) one of a series of grades in an organization or field of activity; an organized military unit; a steplike formation or arrangement Synonmys: rank | 25 | |
| 14231281051 | Exacerbate | (v) to make more violent, sever, bitter, or painful Synonmys: intensify, worsen Antonyms:alleviate, mitigate, ameliorate | 26 | |
| 14231281052 | Fatuous | (adj) stupid or foolish in a self satisfied way Synonmys: silly, vapid, inane, doltish, vacuous Antonyms:intelligent, perecptive, bright | 27 | |
| 14231281053 | Irrefutable | (adj) impossible to disprove; beyond argument Synonmys: indisputable, incontrovertible, undeniable Antonyms:disputable, indefensible, untenable | 28 | |
| 14231281054 | Juggernaut | (n) a massive and inescapable force or object that chrushes whatever is in its path | 29 | |
| 14231281055 | Lackadaisical | (adj) lacking spirit or interest; halfhearted Synonmys: indolent, indifferent, lax Antonyms: energetic, vigorous, wholehearted | 30 | |
| 14231281056 | Litany | (n.) a prayer consisting of short appeals to God recited by the leader alternating with responses from the congregation; any repetitive chant; a long list Synonmys: catalog, megillah | 31 | |
| 14231281057 | macabre | (adj) grisly, gruesome; horrible, distressing; having death as a subject Synonmys: grim, ghoulish | 32 | |
| 14231281058 | paucity | (n) an inadequate quantity, scarcity, dearth Synonmys: lack Antonyms: glut, plentitude, deluge | 33 | |
| 14231281059 | portend | (v.) to indicate beforehand that something is about to happen; to give advance warning of Synonmys: bode, foretell, suggest | 34 | |
| 14231281060 | raze | (v.) to tear down, destroy completely; to cut or scrape off or out Synonmys: pull down, demolish, shave off Antonyms: build, construct, raise, erect | 35 | |
| 14231281061 | Recant | (v) to withdraw a statement of belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract Synonmys: repudiate, disavow Antonyms:reassert | 36 | |
| 14231281062 | saturate | (v.) to soak thoroughly, fill to capacity; to satisfy fully Synonmys: drench, flood, imbue Antonym: drain | 37 | |
| 14231281063 | Saturnine | (adj.) of a gloomy or surly disposition; cold or sluggish in mood Synonmys: morose Antonyms: cheerful, vivacious | 38 | |
| 14231281064 | Slough | (v.) to cast off, discard; to get rid of something objectionable or unnecessary; to plod through as if through mud; (n.) a mire; a state of depression Synonmys: (v) shed, slog Antonyms: (v) take on, acquire, assume | 39 | |
| 14231281065 | Acclamation | (n.) a shout of welcome; an overwhelming verbal vote of approval (SYN: ovation, cheering, plaudits) (ANT: booing, hissing, jeers, catcalls) | 40 | |
| 14231281066 | Bucolic | (adj.) characteristic of the countryside, rural; relating to shepherds and cowherds, pastoral | 41 | |
| 14231281067 | calumnate | (v) to slander; to accuse falsely and maliciously | 42 | |
| 14231281068 | Chary | (adj.) extremely cautious, hesitant, or slow (to); reserved, diffident | 43 | |
| 14231281069 | Collusion | secret agreement or cooperation | 44 | |
| 14231281070 | Dilettante | (n.) a dabbler in the arts; one who engages in an activity in an amateurish, trifling way; (adj.) superficial | 45 | |
| 14231281071 | imperterbable | incapable of being upset or disturbed; calm; serene | 46 | |
| 14231281072 | increment | (n.) an enlargement, increase, addition | 47 | |
| 14231281073 | mandate | (n.) an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; (v.) to issue such an order | 48 | |
| 14231281074 | Paltry | (adj.) trifling, insignificant; mean, despicable; inferior, trashy | 49 | |
| 14231281075 | Paroxysm | (n) a sudden outburst; a spasm, convulsion | 50 | |
| 14231281076 | Pedantry | (n.) a pretentious display of knowledge; overly rigid attention to rules and details | 51 | |
| 14231281077 | Peregrination | (n) the act of traveling; an excursion, especially on foot or to a foreign country | 52 | |
| 14231281078 | Redolant | (adj.) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura | 53 | |
| 14231281079 | Refulgant | Shining, radiant | 54 | |
| 14231281080 | Shibboleth | (n.) a word, expression, or custom that distinguishes a particular group of persons from all others; a commonplace saying or truism | 55 | |
| 14231281081 | Tyro | (n.) a beginner, novice; one with little or no background or skill | 56 | |
| 14231281082 | Unremitting | (adj) not stopping, maintained steadily, never letting up, relentless | 57 | |
| 14231281083 | Vacillate | (v.) to swing indecisively from one idea or course of action to another; to waver weakly in mind or will | 58 | |
| 14231281084 | Vituaperative | (adj.) harshly abusive, severely scolding.; Cicero | 59 | |
| 14231281085 | Askance | (adv.) with suspicion, distrust, or disapproval | 60 | |
| 14231281086 | attenuate | (v) to make thin or slender; to weaken or lessen in force, intensity, or value | 61 | |
| 14231281087 | Benign | (adj.) gentle, kind; forgiving, understanding; having a favorable or beneficial effect; not malignant | 62 | |
| 14231281088 | Cavil | (v) to find fault in a petty way, carp; (n) a trivial objection or criticism | 63 | |
| 14231281089 | Charlatan | (n.) one who feigns knowledge or ability; a pretender, impostor, or quack | 64 | |
| 14231281090 | Decimate | to kill or destroy a large part of | 65 | |
| 14231281091 | Foible | (n) a weak point, failing, minor flaw | 66 | |
| 14231281092 | Forgo | (v.) to do without, abstain from, give up | 67 | |
| 14231281093 | Fraught | (adj) full or loaded with; accompanied by | 68 | |
| 14231281094 | Inure | (v.) to toughen, harden; to render used to something by long subjection or exposure | 69 | |
| 14231281095 | Luminous | (adj.) emitting or reflecting light, glowing; illuminating | 70 | |
| 14231281096 | Obsequious | (adj) marked by slavish attentiveness; excessively subjessive, often for purely self interested reasons | 71 | |
| 14231281097 | Obtuse | (adj.) blunt, not coming to a point; slow or dull in understanding; measuring between 90 and 180 degrees; not causing a sharp impression | 72 | |
| 14231281098 | Oscillate | (v.) to swing back and forth with a steady rhythm; to fluctuate or waver | 73 | |
| 14231281099 | Penitent | (adj) regretful for ones sins or mistakes (n) one who is sorry for wrongdoing | 74 | |
| 14231281100 | Peremptory | (adj) having the nature of a command that leaves no opportunity for debate, denial, or refusal;offensively self assured, dictorial;determined, resolute | 75 | |
| 14231281101 | Rebuff | (v.) to snub; to repel, drive away; (n.) a curt rejection, a check | 76 | |
| 14231281102 | Reconnoiter | (v.) to engage in reconnaissance; to make a preliminary inspection | 77 | |
| 14231281103 | Shambles | (n.) a slaughterhouse; a place of mass bloodshed; a state of complete disorder and confusion, mess | 78 | |
| 14231281104 | Sporadic | (adj.) occurring at irregular intervals, having no set plan or order | 79 | |
| 14231281105 | Abrogate | (v) to repeal, cancel, declare null and void | 80 | |
| 14231281106 | Ambient | (adj.) completely surrounding, encompassing | 81 | |
| 14231281107 | Asperity | (n) roughness, severity; bitterness or tartness | 82 | |
| 14231281108 | Burnish | (v.) to make smooth or glossy by rubbing, polish; (n.) gloss, brightness, luster | 83 | |
| 14231281109 | Cabal | (n) a small group working in secret | 84 | |
| 14231281110 | Delectable | (adj.) delightful, highly enjoyable; deliciously flavored, savory; (n.) an appealing or appetizing food or dish | 85 | |
| 14231281111 | Deprecate | (v) to express disapproval of; to belittle | 86 | |
| 14231281112 | Detritus | (n.) loose bits and pieces of material resulting from disintegration or wearing away; fragments that result from any destruction | 87 | |
| 14231281113 | ebullient | (adj.) overflowing with enthusiasm and excitement; boiling, bubbling | 88 | |
| 14231281114 | Eclectic | (adj.) drawn from different sources; (n.) one whose beliefs are drawn from various sources | 89 | |
| 14231281115 | Flaccid | (adj.) limp, not firm; lacking vigor or effectiveness | 90 | |
| 14231281116 | Impecunious | (adj) having little or no money | 91 | |
| 14231281117 | Inexorable | (adj.) inflexible, beyond influence; relentless, unyielding | 92 | |
| 14231281118 | Moribund | (adj.) dying, on the way out | 93 | |
| 14231281119 | Necromancer | (n.) one who claims to reveal or influence the future through magic, especially communication with the dead; in general, a magician or wizard | 94 | |
| 14231281120 | Onerous | (adj) burdensome; involving hardship or difficulty | 95 | |
| 14231281121 | Rife | (adj.) common, prevalent, widespread, happening often; full, abounding; plentiful, abundant, replete | 96 | |
| 14231281122 | Rudiments | (n. pl.) the parts of any subject or discipline that are learned first; the earliest stages of anything | 97 | |
| 14231281123 | Sequester | (v.) to set apart, separate for a special purpose; to take possession of and hold in custody | 98 | |
| 14231281124 | Winnow | (v.) to get rid of something unwanted, delete; to sift through to obtain what is desirable; to remove the chaff from the wheat by blowing air on it; to blow on, fan | 99 | |
| 14231281125 | Aesthetic | (adj.) pertaining to beauty; sensitive or responsive to beauty | 100 | |
| 14231281126 | Defunct | (adj.) no longer in existence or functioning, dead | 101 | |
| 14231281127 | Discomfit | (v) to frustrate, thwart, or defeat; to confuse, perplex or embarrass | 102 | |
| 14231281128 | Espouse | (v.) to take up and support; to become attached to, adopt; to marry | 103 | |
| 14231281129 | Fetish | (n.) an object believed to have magical powers; an object of unreasoning devotion or reverence | 104 | |
| 14231281130 | Gregarious | (adj.) living together in a herd or group; sociable, seeking the company of others | 105 | |
| 14231281131 | Hapless | (adj.) marked by a persistent absence of good luck | 106 | |
| 14231281132 | Impeccable | (adj) flawless, beyond criticism or blame | 107 | |
| 14231281133 | Importune | (v.) to trouble with demands; to beg for insistently | 108 | |
| 14231281134 | Interpolate | (v.) to trouble with demands; to beg for insistently | 109 | |
| 14231281135 | Irreparable | (adj.) incapable of being repaired or rectified | 110 | |
| 14231281136 | Laconic | (adj) concise, using few words | 111 | |
| 14231281137 | Languish | (v.) to become weak, feeble, or dull; to droop; to be depressed or dispirited; to suffer neglect | 112 | |
| 14231281138 | Mendacious | (adj.) given to lying or deception; untrue | 113 | |
| 14231281139 | Nadir | (n) the lowest point | 114 | |
| 14231281140 | omnipresent | (adj) present in all places at all times | 115 | |
| 14231281141 | Perfunctory | (adj) done in a superficial or halfhearted manner; without interest or enthusiasm | 116 | |
| 14231281142 | Plaintive | (adj) expressive of sorrow or woe, melancholy | 117 | |
| 14231281143 | Requite | (v.) to make suitable repayment, as for a kindness, service, or favor; to make retaliation, as for an injury or wrong; to reciprocate | 118 | |
| 14231281144 | Tantamount | (adj.) equivalent, having the same meaning, value, or effect | 119 |
AP Spanish Language and Culture Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12004961125 | a causa de | because of |  | 0 |
| 12004961126 | actualmente | presently |  | 1 |
| 12004961127 | ahora mismo | right now |  | 2 |
| 12004961128 | al considerar | upon consideration of |  | 3 |
| 12004961129 | a mi parecer | in my opinion |  | 4 |
| 12004961130 | a pesar de todo | in spite of everything |  | 5 |
| 12004961131 | claro | of course |  | 6 |
| 12004961132 | como | since | 7 | |
| 12004961133 | de ninguna manera | by no means | 8 | |
| 12004961134 | do todos modos | at any rate | 9 | |
| 12004961135 | en cuanto a | regarding | 10 | |
| 12004961136 | en vista de que | considering that | 11 | |
| 12004961137 | hace poco | a short while ago | 12 | |
| 12004961138 | hasta la fecha | until now | 13 | |
| 12004961139 | hay que tomar en cuenta que | one must realize that | 14 | |
| 12004961140 | hoy día | nowadays | 15 | |
| 12004961141 | lo esencial es | what is essential is | 16 | |
| 12004961142 | lo que importa es | what matters is | 17 | |
| 12004961143 | sin duda | without a doubt | 18 | |
| 12004961144 | sobre todo | above all | 19 | |
| 12004961145 | además (de) | in addition | 20 | |
| 12004961146 | a la misma vez | at the same time | 21 | |
| 12004961147 | asimismo | likewise | 22 | |
| 12004961148 | con respecto a | with respect to | 23 | |
| 12004961149 | conforme a | according to | 24 | |
| 12004961150 | constar que | to make know that | 25 | |
| 12004961151 | de ahora en adelante | from now on | 26 | |
| 12004961152 | el hecho | in fact | 27 | |
| 12004961153 | el caso es | the fact is | 28 | |
| 12004961154 | el hecho de que | the fact that | 29 | |
| 12004961155 | es decir que | that is to say | 30 | |
| 12004961156 | específicamente | specifically | 31 | |
| 12004961157 | igualmente | equally | 32 | |
| 12004961158 | las razones por las que | the reasons for which | 33 | |
| 12004961159 | mientras tantos | in the meantime | 34 | |
| 12004961160 | mientras | meanwhile | 35 | |
| 12004961161 | o sea | that is to say | 36 | |
| 12004961162 | para continuar | to continue | 37 | |
| 12004961163 | para ejemplificar | to exemplify | 38 | |
| 12004961164 | para ilustrar | to illustrate | 39 | |
| 12004961165 | por añadidura | besides | 40 | |
| 12004961166 | por eso | therefore | 41 | |
| 12004961167 | principalmente | firstly | 42 | |
| 12004961168 | para emezar | to begin | 43 | |
| 12004961169 | al principio | at the beginning | 44 | |
| 12004961170 | a partir de | beginning with | 45 | |
| 12004961171 | como punto de partida | as a starting point | 46 | |
| 12004961172 | en primer lugar | in the first place | 47 | |
| 12004961173 | al contrario de | in contrast to | 48 | |
| 12004961174 | abmos | both | 49 | |
| 12004961175 | a pesar de que | despite | 50 | |
| 12004961176 | aunque | although | 51 | |
| 12004961177 | como | given that | 52 | |
| 12004961178 | de la misma manera | in the same way | 53 | |
| 12004961179 | de lo contrario | otherwise | 54 | |
| 12004961180 | de otro modo | on the other hand | 55 | |
| 12004961181 | en vez de | instead of | 56 | |
| 12004961182 | es cada vez más | it is increasingly... | 57 | |
| 12004961183 | no obstante | nevertheless | 58 | |
| 12004961184 | por la mayor parte | for the most part | 59 | |
| 12004961185 | por motivo que | for the reason that | 60 | |
| 12004961186 | por un lado | on one hand | 61 | |
| 12004961187 | sin embargo | however | 62 | |
| 12004961188 | sino | but | 63 | |
| 12004961189 | sino que | but rather | 64 | |
| 12004961190 | tanto mejor | even better | 65 | |
| 12004961191 | Ante esto | In light of this | 66 | |
| 12004961192 | Al parecer | Seemingly | 67 | |
| 12004961193 | Al considerar | Upon consideration of | 68 | |
| 12004961194 | Así que | Thus | 69 | |
| 12004961195 | Como consecuencia | As a consequence | 70 | |
| 12004961196 | Como resultado | As a result of | 71 | |
| 12004961197 | Debido a | Because of | 72 | |
| 12004961198 | De manera que | So that | 73 | |
| 12004961199 | En todo caso | In any case | 74 | |
| 12004961200 | Por consiguiente | Consequently | 75 | |
| 12004961201 | Por ese motivo | For this reason | 76 | |
| 12004961202 | Por lo tanto | Hence | 77 | |
| 12004961203 | Puesto que | As | 78 | |
| 12004961204 | Resulta a | It turns out that | 79 | |
| 12004961205 | Se debe tomar en cuenta | One must take into account | 80 | |
| 12004961206 | Sigue que | It follows that | 81 | |
| 12004961207 | Ya que | Now that | 82 | |
| 12004961208 | A fin de cuentas | In the end | 83 | |
| 12004961209 | Al fin | At last | 84 | |
| 12004961210 | Al fin y al cabo | When all is said and done | 85 | |
| 12004961211 | Ante todo | First of all | 86 | |
| 12004961212 | De lo anterior, se ve que | From the above, it is clear that | 87 | |
| 12004961213 | De todas formas | Anyway | 88 | |
| 12004961214 | De todo esto se deduce que | From the above, we can deduce that | 89 | |
| 12004961215 | De todos modos | At any rate | 90 | |
| 12004961216 | En breve | Briefly | 91 | |
| 12004961217 | En definitiva | Definitely | 92 | |
| 12004961218 | En fin | In short | 93 | |
| 12004961219 | En resumen | In summary | 94 | |
| 12004961220 | En resumidas cuentas | In short | 95 | |
| 12004961221 | En todo caso | In any case | 96 | |
| 12004961222 | Finalmente | Finally | 97 | |
| 12004961223 | Lo esencial es | What is essential is | 98 | |
| 12004961224 | Mejor dicho | Rather | 99 | |
| 12004961225 | Para terminar | To end | 100 | |
| 12004961226 | Por último | Lastly | 101 | |
| 12004961227 | Por siguiente | Thus | 102 | |
| 12004961228 | Cordialmente | Cordially | 103 | |
| 12004961229 | Estimida/o | Dear (formal) | 104 | |
| 12004961230 | Querida/querido | Dear (informal) | 105 |
Platt AP Language Unit 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15012785075 | Induction | The reasoning process that moves from a given series of specifics to derive a general rule. It draws inferences from observations in order to make generalizations. | 0 | |
| 15012785105 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attach using strong, abusive language. | 1 | |
| 15012790277 | Inversion | A reversal of the customary order of elements (subject, verb, complement) in a sentence or phrase. | 2 | |
| 15012794462 | Jargon | The special language of a profession or group. | 3 | |
| 15012801252 | Juxtaposition | When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast. | 4 | |
| 15012815026 | Litotes | From the Greek word "simple" or "plain." | 5 | |
| 15012819451 | Loose sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. It makes its major point at the beginning and then adds subordinate phrases and clauses that develop or modify the point. | 6 | |
| 15012824851 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional response. | 7 | |
| 15012836370 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 8 | |
| 15012857511 | Oversimplification | A logical fallacy by which the reasoned obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument. | 9 | |
| 15012861964 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | 10 | |
| 15012867769 | Parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure. It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. | 11 | |
| 15012875298 | Anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, it is the repetition of exact words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. | 12 | |
| 15012883431 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 13 | |
| 15012895121 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. | 14 | |
| 15012901812 | Picaresque Novel | A humorous novel in which the plot consists of a young knave's misadventures and escapades narrated in comic or satiric scenes. | 15 | |
| 15012910796 | Polysyndeton | Figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions | 16 | |
| 15012917021 | Predicate Adjective | One type of subject complement is an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. | 17 | |
| 15012921541 | Predicate Nominative | A second type of subject complement - a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that names the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence. | 18 |
Sub-Saharan Africa Quizlet Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10701598188 | Transition Zone East Africa Southern Africa Equatorial Africa West Africa | List the 5 sub regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. | 0 | |
| 10701601721 | Great Rift Valley | An area in East Africa, which was formed by the separation of tectonic plates. | 1 | |
| 10701609540 | Lake Victoria | The largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world | 2 | |
| 10701612777 | Congo Basin | A large flat area where the Congo River drains in Equatorial Africa | 3 | |
| 10701620927 | Transition Zone | Which sub region of Africa is experiencing desertification and water shortages? | 4 | |
| 10701632536 | Serengeti | An area of East Africa, containing savannas and many grazing animals | 5 | |
| 10701644118 | Humans | What is the biggest threat to the Serengeti today? | 6 | |
| 10701649999 | Namib Desert | A desert in Namibia extending along the coast between the high plateau and the Atlantic Ocean | 7 | |
| 10701653647 | Kalahari Desert | Desert in Southern Africa, means "The Great Thirst" | 8 | |
| 10701660757 | Niger River | The major river of West Africa and is used for commercial shipping | 9 | |
| 10701671129 | Congo River | A river in Central Africa that flows into the Atlantic Ocean, is important for trade, and is the world's deepest river | 10 | |
| 10701679165 | Africa's Rainforest | This covers just 7% of the African continent, but contains half of the continent's animal species, and is greatly impacted by deforestation. | 11 | |
| 10701700739 | Escarpment | A steep cliff | 12 | |
| 10701700740 | Cataract | A large waterfall | 13 | |
| 10701706947 | Sahel | Belt south of the Sahara where it transitions into savanna across central Africa. It means literally 'coastland' in Arabic. | 14 | |
| 10701709989 | Harmattan | A dry, dusty easterly or northeasterly wind on the West African coast, contributes to desertification | 15 | |
| 10701712414 | Savanna | An area of grassland with scattered trees and bushes | 16 | |
| 10701714933 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 17 | |
| 10701719198 | Push Factor | A factor that induces people to leave old residences | 18 | |
| 10701722226 | Pull Factor | A factor that induces people to move to a new location | 19 | |
| 10701724964 | Subsistence Farming | Farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced; this is the main source of income in East Africa | 20 | |
| 10701747418 | Nigeria | Which country has Africa's largest population? | 21 | |
| 10701759974 | Conflict Diamond | Any diamond that is mined in areas controlled by forces opposed to the government of a country and sold to fund military action against that government. | 22 | |
| 10701762584 | Ghana, Mali, Songhai | West African kingdoms that built wealth and power through trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold | 23 | |
| 10701765220 | Gold | The natural resource found in West Africa, allowing the empires there to flourish | 24 | |
| 10701768742 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. He created the University at Timbuktu after his hajj. | 25 | |
| 10701784639 | Berlin Conference | Conference that Germany called for that created rules for how Europeans could colonize Africa. There were no Africans present. | 26 | |
| 10701789349 | Rwanda | Which country experienced a genocide in 1994, which is looked at as a consequence of colonialism? | 27 | |
| 10701793938 | Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. | 28 | |
| 10701793939 | Geometric Boundaries | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. They are a consequence of colonialism. | 29 | |
| 10701799840 | Colonialism | Taking over another country and exploiting its people and resources | 30 | |
| 10701804286 | Natural Resources, Spread Christianity, Interesting Wildlife, Spread Western Education | Why did Europeans colonize Africa? | 31 | |
| 10701809735 | Apartheid | The segregation laws in South Africa that Nelson Mandela fought against | 32 | |
| 10701812184 | Cecil Rhodes | British colonizer who moved to South Africa for the diamond industry. His life is a metaphor for European involvement in Africa. | 33 | |
| 10701819063 | Sundiata | The founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes | 34 | |
| 10701825286 | King Leopold II | King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the infamous ruler of the Congo Free State. His creation of trade routes on the Congo led to the exploitation of the African people living there. | 35 | |
| 10701829025 | Nelson Mandela | South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918) | 36 |
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