AP English Language Vocabulary Flashcards
Vocabulary for AP English Language
Terms : Hide Images
| 13981497860 | Allegory | Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts(Purpose: Convey difficult idea through an in-depth metaphorical narrative) | 0 | |
| 13981497861 | Alliteration | The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words |  | 1 |
| 13981497862 | Allusion | A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another thing, idea, or person(Ex: Aslan in "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe" represents Christ) | 2 | |
| 13981497863 | Ambiguity | Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation(Ex: I rode a black horse in red pajamas.) | 3 | |
| 13981497864 | Analogy | The correspondence or resemblance between two things that are essentially different(Ex: medicine : illness :: law : anarchy) | 4 | |
| 13981497903 | Anaphora | repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row(Ex: "This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England,This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings [. . .]This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land,") from Act 2 Scene 1 of "Richard II" | 5 | |
| 13981497865 | Antecedent | Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun(Ex: The weather is great today; let's make the most of it by going to the beach.) | 6 | |
| 13981497904 | Antimetabole | Half of expression is balanced, other half is backwards.(Ex: "Eat to live, not live to eat." - Socrates) | 7 | |
| 13981497866 | Antithesis | An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses(Ex: Man proposes, God disposes.) | 8 | |
| 13981497867 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker(Ex: "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star") | 9 | |
| 13981497868 | Appositive | A word or phrase that follow a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity(Purpose(s): Provide essential or non-essential information, Gives meanings to sentences in different texts, etc) | 10 | |
| 13981497905 | Archaic Diction | the use of words that are old-fashioned or no longer commonly used(Ex: "steed" instead of "horse" or "stallion") | 11 | |
| 13981497906 | Asyndeton/ Polysyndeton | Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.(Ex: "Without looking, without making a sound, without talking" from Sophecles' "Oedipus at Colonus") | 12 | |
| 13981497907 | Atmosphere | The emotional feeling -or mood- of a place, scene, or event(Purpose: Create emotional effects) | 13 | |
| 13981497908 | Caricature | A grotesque or exaggerated likeness of striking qualities in persons and things( Purpose: Portray important political or artistic ideas) | 14 | |
| 13981497909 | Clause | A structural element of a sentence, consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate(Ex: Ghost stories are a lot of fun, if you tell them late at night with the lights off.) | 15 | |
| 13981497910 | Chiasmus | Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea(Ex: "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.") | 16 | |
| 13981497869 | Colloquial Language | Slang or common language that is informal(Ex: "That totally grossed me out.") | 17 | |
| 13981497911 | Conceit | A witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language(Ex: "Love is like an oil change.") | 18 | |
| 13981497870 | Connotative | The interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning(Ex: "Wall Street" = wealth and power) | 19 | |
| 13981497912 | Denotation | the literal or dictionary meaning of a word(Ex: Dog suggests an ugly face.) | 20 | |
| 13981497871 | Diction | An author's choice of words(Purpose: Create & convey a typical mood, tone and atmosphere) | 21 | |
| 13981497872 | Didactic | Writing which has the purpose of teaching or instructing(Ex: Religious texts(teach us about the reality of God)) | 22 | |
| 13981497873 | Euphemism | A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea(Ex: Correctional facility instead of jail) | 23 | |
| 13981497913 | Exigence | An issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak(Ex: PSAs about particular health issues) | 24 | |
| 13981497914 | Extended Metaphor | A series of comparisons between two unlike objects(Ex: Bobby Holloway says my imagination is a three-hundred-ring circus. Currently I was in ring two hundred and ninety-nine, with elephants dancing and clowns cart wheeling and tigers leaping through rings of fire. The time had come to step back, leave the main tent, go buy some popcorn and a Coke, bliss out, cool down." (Dean Koontz, Seize the Night. Bantam, 1999)) | 25 | |
| 13981497874 | Figurative Language | All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison(Ex: Personification) | 26 | |
| 13981497915 | Figure of Speech | A device used to produce figurative language(Ex: Metaphor) | 27 | |
| 13981497917 | Homily | Includes any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice(Purpose: Convey moral lesson, mainly a religious one) | 28 | |
| 13981497875 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis(Ex: Your suitcase weighs a ton!) | 29 | |
| 13981497876 | Imagery | A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations(Purpose: Generate a vibrant presentation of a scene that appeals to as many of the reader's senses as possible) | 30 | |
| 13981497918 | Inference | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented(Ex: Norman sees cookie crumbs on the floor and chocolate around his son's mouth. Norman infers that his son must have eaten some cookies from the cookie jar.) | 31 | |
| 13981497919 | Inversion | reversal of the usual or natural order of words; anastrophe(Ex: Where in the world were you?) | 32 | |
| 13981497920 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language(Ex: Chicken for coward) | 33 | |
| 13981497877 | Irony | When a situation produces and outcome that is the opposite of what is expected(Ex: The name of Britain's biggest dog was "Tiny".) | 34 | |
| 13981497878 | Juxtaposition | When two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison(Ex: Milton's "Paradise Lost" - God(good) and Satan(bad)) | 35 | |
| 13981497921 | Litotes | A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity(Ex: New York is not an ordinary city.) | 36 | |
| 13981497922 | Non-periodic sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses(Ex: I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall.) | 37 | |
| 13981497879 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly(Ex: My brother was boiling mad.) | 38 | |
| 13981497880 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it(Ex: Let me give you a hand; hand means help) | 39 | |
| 13981497881 | Mood | The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event(Purpose: Evoke various emotional responses in readers and ensure their emotional attachment as they read the book) | 40 | |
| 13981497923 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events(Purpose: Gain a deep insight of culture and develop some sort of understanding towards it) | 41 | |
| 13981497882 | Onomatopoeia | An effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning(Ex: Moo!) | 42 | |
| 13981497883 | Oxymoron | Two contradictory words in one expression(Ex: jumbo shrimp) | 43 | |
| 13981497884 | Paradox | A seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth(Ex: "I can resist anything but temptation" - Oscar Wilde) | 44 | |
| 13981497885 | Parallelism | A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures(Ex: John likes to play tennis, bake cake, and read books.) | 45 | |
| 13981497886 | Parody | An effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work(Ex: SNL) | 46 | |
| 13981497924 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish(Purpose: Teach something in a complicated manner) | 47 | |
| 13981497887 | Periodic Sentence | Presents the main clause at the end of the sentence, for emphasis(Ex: Unable to join the others at the dance because of my sprained ankle, I went to a movie.) | 48 | |
| 13981497888 | Persona | The character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text(Purpose: Express ideas due to some restrictions, such as no talking) | 49 | |
| 13981497889 | Personification | A figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities(Ex: The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.) | 50 | |
| 13981497890 | Point of View | The particular perspective from which a story is told(Ex: 1st person - " I tell myself to focus while I am reading a book.") | 51 | |
| 13981497925 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech(Ex: "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." 1984 - George Orwell) | 52 | |
| 13981497891 | Repetition | The reiteration of a word or phrase for emphasis(Ex: "Because I do not hope to turn again Because I do not hope Because I do not hope to turn..." - "Ash Wednesday") | 53 | |
| 13981497892 | Rhetoric | The art and logic of a written or spoken argument to persuade, to analyze, or to expose(Ex: Ethos, Logos, Pathos) | 54 | |
| 13981497926 | Ethos | Form, Manner(Purpose: Musician starring in a dog commercial) | 55 | |
| 13981497927 | Pathos | Force, Emotion(Ex: Empathizing with a friend who lost a family member) | 56 | |
| 13981497928 | Logos | Idea, Message(Ex:Facts, Charts, Tables used to support that abortion rates correlates with crime rates) | 57 | |
| 13981497929 | Rhetorical Modes(exposition, argumentation, description, narration) | The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing(Ex: Journal entry = description) | 58 | |
| 13981497893 | Rhetorical Question | A question that is asked for the sake of argument(Ex: " Why not?") | 59 | |
| 13981497930 | Sarcasm | Use of bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device(Ex: " Friends, countrymen, lend me your ears." - Julius Caesar) | 60 | |
| 13981497894 | Satire | To ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines(Ex: The Daily Show) | 61 | |
| 13981497931 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another(Ex: A water pill at first glance could be a pill with water in it; but, it is understood to be a diuretic that causes a person to lose water from his body.) | 62 | |
| 13981497932 | Periodic Sentence | Sentence with main clause or predicate at the end(Ex: In opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities, education has no equal.) | 63 | |
| 13981497933 | Cumulative Sentence | Sentence with an independent clause elaborated by modifying clauses or phrases(Ex: "I write this at a wide desk in a pine shed as I always do these recent years, in this life I pray will last, while the summer sun closes the sky to Orion and to all the other winter stars over my roof." (Annie Dillard, An American Childhood, 1987)) | 64 | |
| 13981497934 | Hortative Sentence | Sentence urging to some conduct or course of action(Ex: Before Tom Daley is about to dive into the pool, his coach may say, "All of your training and hard work will pay off; you will be great.") | 65 | |
| 13981497935 | Imperative Sentence | Sentence that also functions as a direct command (Ex: Clear this desk by tomorrow!) | 66 | |
| 13981497895 | Simile | A commonly used figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as"(Ex: Jake is as slow as a turtle.) | 67 | |
| 13981497936 | Style | An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices(Purpose: Create a certain impact on the readers based on one's style) | 68 | |
| 13981497937 | Subject Complement(predicate nominative and predicate adjective) | The word that follows a linking verb and completes the subject by renaming or describing it(Ex: Brandon is a great player.) | 69 | |
| 13981497938 | Subordinate Clause | Like all clauses, it contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. Also called a dependent clause, the subordinate clause depends on a main clause (or independent clause) to complete its meaning(Ex: After John played tennis) | 70 | |
| 13981497896 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion(Ex: "All dogs are canine. Tommy is a dog. Therefore, Tommy is a canine.") | 71 | |
| 13981497897 | Symbol | Something that stands for something else(Ex: Dove = peace) | 72 | |
| 13981497939 | Synedoche | a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole(Ex: "gray beard" = old man) | 73 | |
| 13981497940 | Synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color," "a sweet sound") | 74 | |
| 13981497898 | Syntax | The way words are arranged in a sentence(Ex: "I cannot go out." vs. "Go out I cannot.") | 75 | |
| 13981497942 | Trope vs Schemes | The use of a word, phrase, or image in a way not intended by its normal signification; A change in standard word order or pattern(Ex(scheme): "I have a Dream" speech) | 76 | |
| 13981497900 | Tone | Attitude(Purpose: Decide how readers should read a literary piece and how they should feel while reading it) | 77 | |
| 13981497901 | Understatement | When an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves(Ex: " He is not too thin" when describing an obese person) | 78 | |
| 13981497943 | Wit | In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement(Ex: "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a young man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." - Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen) | 79 | |
| 13981497902 | Zeugma | When a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them(Ex: "The farmers in the valley grew potatoes, peanuts, and bored." - Wunderland) | 80 |
AP Literature "Literary Terms" Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11433525088 | alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to one another | 0 | |
| 11433525089 | allusion | a reference to historical or fictional characters, places, or events, or to other works the writer assumes the reader will recognize | 1 | |
| 11433525090 | apostrophe | figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding | 2 | |
| 11433525091 | archetype | a pattern or model of action, a character type, or an image that recurs consistently enough in literature to be considered universal | 3 | |
| 11433525092 | assonance | repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together | 4 | |
| 11433525093 | atmosphere | the mood or feeling in a literary work | 5 | |
| 11433525094 | blank verse/cacophony | poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter | 6 | |
| 11433525095 | caesura | a pause or break within a line of poetry, usually dictated by the natural rhythm of language | 7 | |
| 11433525096 | carpe diem | "seize the day" [Herrick's To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time/Marvell's To His Coy Mistress ] | 8 | |
| 11433525097 | conceit | an elaborate and surprising figure of speech comparing two very dissimilar things--it usually involves intellectual cleverness and ingenuity [Donne] | 9 | |
| 11433525098 | connotations | all the meanings, associations, or emotions a word suggests | 10 | |
| 11433525099 | couplet | two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme | 11 | |
| 11433525100 | dialect | a way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or group of people | 12 | |
| 11433525101 | diction | a writer's or speaker's choice of words | 13 | |
| 11433525102 | enjambment | the carrying of sense and grammatical structure in a poem beyond the end of one line, couplet, or stanza and into the next | 14 | |
| 11433525103 | epic | a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society | 15 | |
| 11433525104 | epic simile | an extended, elaborated, ornate simile developed in a lengthy descriptive passage | 16 | |
| 11433525105 | epiphany | a moment of sudden insight or revelation that a character experiences | 17 | |
| 11433525106 | figure of speech | a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood on a literal level | 18 | |
| 11433525107 | flashback | a scene that interrupts the present action of the plot to "flash back" and tell what happened at an earlier time | 19 | |
| 11433525108 | foil | a character who is used as a contrast to another character | 20 | |
| 11433525109 | foot | the basic unit of rhythmic measurement in a line of poetry (usually consists of at least one accented (stressed) syllable and one or more unaccented (unstressed) syllables). The number and type of feet in a line of a poem determine its meter | 21 | |
| 11433525110 | foreshadowing | use of clues to hint at what is going to happen later in the plot | 22 | |
| 11433525111 | free verse | poetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme | 23 | |
| 11433525112 | heroic couplet | a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter lines | 24 | |
| 11433525113 | hubris | the defect of character (excessive pride) which leads a tragic hero to disregard all warnings of impending disaster and thereby hasten the catastrophe | 25 | |
| 11433525114 | hyperbole | overstatement/exaggeration to express strong emotion or to create a comic effect | 26 | |
| 11433525115 | iambic pentameter | a poetic line of five iambic feet: the meter of blank verse, sonnet, and heroic couplet | 27 | |
| 11433525116 | imagery | language that appeals to the senses | 28 | |
| 11433525117 | in medias res | the technique of starting a story in the middle and then using flashback to tell what happened earlier | 29 | |
| 11433525118 | irony | contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality | 30 | |
| 11433525119 | dramatic irony: | audience or reader knows something important that a character doesn't know | 31 | |
| 11433525120 | juxtaposition | placing two things (objects, words, ideas) side by side (in close proximity) for the purpose of comparison | 32 | |
| 11433525121 | loose sentence | one in which the subordinate elements come at the end to call attention to them | 33 | |
| 11433525122 | periodic sentence | one in which the writer builds suspense by beginning with subordinate elements and postponing the main clause | 34 | |
| 11433525123 | metaphor | an implied analogy in which one thing is imaginatively compared to or identified with another, dissimilar thing | 35 | |
| 11433525124 | meter | a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry | 36 | |
| 11433525125 | metonymy | something closely related to a thing or suggested by it is substituted for the thing itself | 37 | |
| 11433525126 | mood | prevailing emotional attitude in a literary work or in part of a work | 38 | |
| 11433525127 | motif | a word, character, object, image, metaphor, or idea that recurs in a work or in several works | 39 | |
| 11433525128 | muse | In Greek mythology, the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (memory), each of which patronized a field of study or art--practitioners in these fields traditionally invoked the aid of the appropriate | 40 | |
| 11433525129 | octave | an eight-line stanza or poem, or the first eight lines of an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet | 41 | |
| 11433525130 | onomatopoeia | the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning | 42 | |
| 11433525131 | paradox | an apparent contradiction that is actually true (a seeming contradiction) | 43 | |
| 11433525132 | parallelism | repetition of words, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure | 44 | |
| 11433525133 | pastoral | a type of poem that depicts rustic life in idyllic, idealized terms | 45 | |
| 11433525134 | pathetic fallacy | a figurative device in which nature is given human qualities, often responding to human actions | 46 | |
| 11433525135 | pathos | the quality in a work of literature which arouses feelings of sympathy, pity, or sorrow in the reader | 47 | |
| 11433525136 | personification | a kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human | 48 | |
| 11433525137 | plot | series of related events that make up a story or drama | 49 | |
| 11433525138 | point of view | the vantage point from which the writer tells the story (omniscient/first-person/limited third-person) | 50 | |
| 11433525139 | pun | a play on the multiple meanings of a word, or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings | 51 | |
| 11433525140 | quatrain | a four-line stanza or poem, or a group of four lines unified by a rhyme scheme | 52 | |
| 11433525141 | rhetorical question | a question not expecting an answer, or one to which the answer is self-evident | 53 | |
| 11433525142 | rhyme | repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together | 54 | |
| 11433525143 | rhythm | alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language which communicates a sense of movement | 55 | |
| 11433525144 | sarcasm | harsh, cutting, personal remarks to or about someone, not necessarily ironic | 56 | |
| 11433525145 | satire | a kind of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform | 57 | |
| 11433525146 | scansion | (scanning] analysis of verse into metrical patterns | 58 | |
| 11433525147 | sestet | a six-line stanza or poem, or the last six lines of an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet | 59 | |
| 11433525148 | setting | the time and place of a story or play | 60 | |
| 11433525149 | simile | a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, as, or than | 61 | |
| 11433525150 | soliloquy | a long speech in which a character who is usually alone onstage expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings | 62 | |
| 11433525151 | sonnet | a fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes | 63 | |
| 11433525152 | Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet | divided into two parts--an eight-line octave (abbaabba) and a six-line sestet with a rhyme scheme (cdecde or cdccdc or cdedce) The OCTAVE usually presents a problem, poses a question, or expresses an idea, which the SESTET then resolves, answers, or drives home | 64 | |
| 11433525153 | Shakespearean (English) Sonnet | (most common) composed of three four-line units (QUATRAINS), followed by a concluding two-line unit (COUPLET) The three QUATRAINS often express related ideas or examples, while the COUPLET sums up the poet's conclusion or message | 65 | |
| 11433525154 | stanza | a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit | 66 | |
| 11433525155 | synecdoche | figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole thing [wheels = automobile] | 67 | |
| 11433525156 | symbol | person, place, thing, or event that stands both for itself and for something beyond itself | 68 | |
| 11433525157 | syntax | arrangement and grammatical relation of words, phrases, and clauses in sentences; the ordering of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences [sentence length and punctuation should also be considered] | 69 | |
| 11433525158 | theme | the central idea or insight of a work of literature, usually expressed as a statement about life | 70 | |
| 11433525159 | tone | the attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject, or a character | 71 | |
| 11433525160 | tragedy | a narrative depicting serious and important events in which the main character comes to an unhappy end—a move toward death or away from life (alienation) | 72 | |
| 11433525161 | trope | a figure of speech employing a word or phrase out of its ordinary usage in order to give life to an idea | 73 | |
| 11433525162 | understatement | a figure of speech that consists of saying less than what is really meant, or saying something with less force than is appropriate (a form of irony) | 74 | |
| 11433525163 | verisimilitude | the appearance of truth, actuality, or reality; what seems to be true in fiction given allowances for conventions, premises, etc.--the inherent authenticity of a work | 75 | |
| 11433525164 | voice | the sense a written work conveys to a reader of its writer's attitude, personality, and character | 76 |
AP Verbs Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13262911484 | abholen | to pick up | 0 | |
| 13262911485 | anfangen | to begin | 1 | |
| 13262915437 | angreifen | to attack | 2 | |
| 13262918341 | ankommen | to arrive | 3 | |
| 13262918342 | aufgeben | to give up | 4 | |
| 13262922212 | aufhören | to stop | 5 | |
| 13262924576 | aufwachsen | to grow up | 6 | |
| 13262924577 | bauen | to build | 7 | |
| 13262927794 | bekommen | to receive | 8 | |
| 13262927795 | bemerken | to notice, to remark | 9 | |
| 13262930753 | bitten | to ask | 10 | |
| 13262934449 | eilen | to hurry | 11 | |
| 13262934450 | empfehlen | to recommend | 12 | |
| 13262937516 | entstehen | to originate | 13 | |
| 13262941125 | entwickeln | to develop | 14 | |
| 13262944283 | Erfolg haben | to be successful | 15 | |
| 13262944284 | hoffen | to hope | 16 | |
| 13262952551 | erkennen | to recognize | 17 | |
| 13262952552 | ernähren | to feed | 18 | |
| 13262954789 | erreichen | to achieve | 19 | |
| 13262958150 | ertragen | to endure | 20 | |
| 13262961669 | erwarten | to expect | 21 | |
| 13262961670 | fehlen | to be missing | 22 | |
| 13262965157 | festhalten | to hold tight | 23 | |
| 13262965158 | führen | to lead | 24 | |
| 13262967456 | gebrauchen | to use, to need | 25 | |
| 13262970717 | herausfinden | to find out | 26 | |
| 13262973507 | liegen | to lie, be located | 27 | |
| 13262976213 | nutzen | to use; to be of use | 28 | |
| 13262978588 | raten | to advise | 29 | |
| 13262978589 | reagieren | to react | 30 | |
| 13262983682 | rechnen | to calculate | 31 | |
| 13262988209 | scheiden | to divide, split | 32 | |
| 13262990689 | scheinen | to shine; to seem | 33 | |
| 13262994417 | schenken | to give (a gift) | 34 | |
| 13262994418 | sorgen | to worry | 35 | |
| 13262998712 | stören | to disturb | 36 | |
| 13262998713 | träumen | to dream | 37 | |
| 13263000992 | treffen | to meet | 38 | |
| 13263006452 | überraschen | to surprise | 39 | |
| 13263006453 | unterstützen | to support | 40 | |
| 13263009851 | untersuchen | to examine | 41 | |
| 13263013534 | verändern | to change | 42 | |
| 13263016555 | verbringen | to spend time | 43 | |
| 13263016556 | verdienen | to earn, deserve | 44 | |
| 13263019577 | vergessen | to forget | 45 | |
| 13263022961 | verlangen | to desire | 46 | |
| 13263025363 | versprechen | to promise | 47 | |
| 13263029278 | verwirklichen | to realize (make real) | 48 | |
| 13263033159 | vorhaben | to have planned | 49 | |
| 13263035323 | zeigen | to show | 50 | |
| 13263037455 | zerstören | to destroy | 51 | |
| 13263039413 | zusammenstellen | to put together | 52 |
AP Language Terms- "A" Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 15049696382 | allegory | a narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrate multiple levels of meanings and significance. Often is a universal symbol or personified abstraction. | 0 | |
| 15049724131 | Cupid portrayed as a chubby angel with a bow and arrows. | allegory | 1 | |
| 15049696383 | alliteration | The sequential repetition of a similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually in closely proximate stressed syllables. | 2 | |
| 15049727547 | She sells seashells by the seashore | alliteration | 3 | |
| 15049696384 | allusion | a literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference | 4 | |
| 15049734627 | One might contrast the life and tribulations of fredrick Douglass to the trials of Job | allusion | 5 | |
| 15049698057 | anaphora | the regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses. | 6 | |
| 15049745613 | To raise a happy, healthful, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes clergy; it takes businesspeople; it takes a community; it takes those who protect or health and safety; it takes all of us | anaphora | 7 | |
| 15049698058 | antithesis | the juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas | 8 | |
| 15049748289 | Alexander pope reminds us that "to err is unman, to forgive is divine" | antithesis | 9 | |
| 15049698059 | aphorism | A concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief | 10 | |
| 15049748290 | "spare the rod and spoil the child" | aphorism | 11 | |
| 15049698060 | apostrophe | the act of addressing some inanimate attraction or person that is not physically present. it often helps the speaker to be able to express his or her thoughts aloud | 12 | |
| 15049750188 | King lear intones, "Ingratitude! Though marble hearted fiend, more hideous when thou show's thee in a child than the sea-monster" | apostrophe, ingratitude is the personified concept, by addressing the abstract, lear commands a significant rhetorical power | 13 | |
| 15049701525 | appeals to... authority, emotion, or logic | rhetorical arguments in which the speaker claims to be an authority or expert in a field, attempts to play upon emotions or appeals to the use of reason | 14 | |
| 15049751692 | ethos- authority, ethics pathos- emotion logos- logic | appeals to... authority, emotion, or logic | 15 | |
| 15049701526 | assonance | the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words | 16 | |
| 15049751693 | she sells sea shells by the sea shore | assonance | 17 | |
| 15049702567 | asyndeton | A syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose | 18 | |
| 15049754102 | veni, vidi, vici, I came I saw I conquered | asyndeton | 19 | |
| 15049703980 | attitude | the sense expressed by the tone of voice or the mood of a piece of writing, the author's feelings toward his or her subject, characters, events, or theme. May be his or her feelings for the reader | 20 |
AP Language Argument Terms Flashcards
2014- 2015 Argument Terms
From "Language of Composition" p. 141 - 145
Terms : Hide Images
| 8977111535 | Ad hominem | This is an attack on the character of a person rather than her/his opinions or arguments. | 0 | |
| 8977111536 | Ad populum | An emotional appeal to positive concepts or negative concepts rather than a direct discussion of the real issue. | 1 | |
| 8977111537 | Argument | A process in which a speaker, writer, or artist tries to elicit a desired response from an audience by identifying commonalities in the interests of both parties. | 2 | |
| 8977111538 | Assumption | The connection between the evidence and the conclusions drawn from that evidence. | 3 | |
| 8977111539 | Begging the question | This conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim. | 4 | |
| 8977111540 | Circular reasoning | This restates the argument rather than actually proving it. | 5 | |
| 8977111541 | Claim | Conclusion based on some combination of reasons and assumptions. | 6 | |
| 8977111542 | Deduction | A method of organizing arguments by drawing a conclusion based on a general principle. | 7 | |
| 8977111543 | Either/or | This is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. | 8 | |
| 8977111544 | Hasty generalization | This is a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. | 9 | |
| 8977111545 | Induction | A method of organizing an argument by generalizing from the specific data | 10 | |
| 8977111546 | Logical fallacy | Common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. They can either be illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports the claim. | 11 | |
| 8977111547 | Post hoc ergo propter hoc | This is a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A' | 12 | |
| 8977111548 | Qualifier | A restriction placed on the claim to state that it may not always be true as stated. | 13 | |
| 8977111549 | Reservation | A restriction placed on the warrant to indicate that unless certain conditions are met, the warrant may not establish a connection between the data and the claim. | 14 | |
| 8977111550 | Straw man | This move oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. | 15 | |
| 8977111551 | Syllogism | Classic outline of deduction used to test logic. It consists of 2 propositions and 1 conclusion. A=B B=C so A=C | 16 | |
| 8977111552 | Warrant | Expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience | 17 | |
| 8977111555 | Data | Facts that support a claim, may consist of statistics, reports of personal experience, or views of experts. In the case of an argument based on a work of literature the data would consist of quotes from the text. | 18 | |
| 8977111556 | Enthymeme | a syllogism when 1 premise is assumed to arrive at the conclusion, often used to persuade | 19 | |
| 8977111557 | Slippery Slope | This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B,C,...,X,Y,Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. | 20 | |
| 8977111558 | Genetic Fallacy | A conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth. | 21 | |
| 8977111559 | Red Herring | This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. | 22 | |
| 8977111560 | Moral Equivalence | This fallacy compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities. | 23 |
AP World History Important Dates Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12684878196 | 1500 BCE | Hinduism: Founded in the Indus River Valley | 0 | |
| 12684882743 | 321 BCE | Alexander the Great: King of Macedonia, Spreads Hellenism, Defeats Persians and Egyptians, Does not go into India | 1 | |
| 12684884856 | 221 BCE | Qin unifies China: Qin Shi Huang founded the Qin Dynasty, becoming the first sovereign ruler of a united China. | 2 | |
| 12684888781 | 44 BCE - 476 CE | Roman Empire begins (Pax Romana: peace in Rome): began when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of Rome | 3 | |
| 12684892317 | 32 CE | Christianity begins: Jesus resurrects Lazarus | 4 | |
| 12685904107 | 476 | Dark Ages/ Medieval Times begin with the fall of the Roman Empire: marked by frequent warfare and a virtual disappearance of urban life | 5 | |
| 12685919436 | 622 | Islam founded: Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters | 6 | |
| 12685926554 | 732 | Battle of Tours: fought between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and a massive invading Islamic army near the city of Tours, France | 7 | |
| 12685931567 | 750-1258 | Abbasid Dynasty (Islamic Golden Age): the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad | 8 | |
| 12685939798 | 1054 | Great Schism: the separation between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches | 9 | |
| 12685945580 | 1066 | William the Conquerer: conquer and united England | 10 | |
| 12685956898 | 1095 | Crusades begin: the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont | 11 | |
| 12685959520 | 1200 | Rise of the Mongols: time Genghis Khan came to power within the All the Mongols league and was proclaimed khan | 12 | |
| 12685962577 | 1215 | Magna Carta: a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England | 13 | |
| 12685969903 | 1271 | Marco Polo: he began his travels from Europe to Asia and wrote about them | 14 | |
| 12685975553 | 1324 | Mansa Musa: he began his elaborate pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca | 15 | |
| 12685975554 | 1325 | Ibn Battuta: he left Tangier to make a pilgrimage to Mecca | 16 | |
| 12685986478 | 1347-1348 | Plagues in Europe: the Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia | 17 | |
| 12685989282 | 1400's | Renaissance begins in Florence: a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth" following the Middle Ages | 18 | |
| 12685998120 | 1453 | Ottomans capture Constantinople (End Byzantine Empire): Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II on 29th of May. With this conquest Ottomans became an Empire and one of the most powerful empires, The Eastern Roman Empire fell and lasted. | 19 | |
| 12686005386 | 1492 | Columbus sails to the Americas: Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) | 20 | |
| 12686009305 | 1517 | Martin Luther 95 Theses: wrote a list of questions and propositions for debate and defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. | 21 | |
| 12686014024 | 1526 | Mughal Empire begins: dynasty was founded by a Chagatai Turkic prince named Bābur | 22 | |
| 12686021976 | 1543 | Scientific Revolution Begins: refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly 1550-1700; beginning with Nicholas Copernicus, who asserted a heliocentric (sun-centered) cosmos, it ended with Isaac Newton, who proposed universal laws and a Mechanical Universe. | 23 | |
| 12686025077 | 1571 | Battle of Lepanto: a naval engagement that took place on 7 October when a fleet of the Holy League, led by the Venetian Republic and the Spanish Empire, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras | 24 | |
| 12686033000 | 1600 | Japan unified under the Tokugawa Shogunate: Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated the daimyo, who were loyal to the late Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his young son Hideyori, at the Battle of Sekigahara in October | 25 | |
| 12686037776 | 1650 | Enlightenment begins: included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. | 26 | |
| 12686040726 | 1683 | Siege of Vienna: expedition by the Turks against the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Leopold I that resulted in their defeat by a combined force led by John III Sobieski of Poland. The siege marked the beginning of the end of Turkish domination in eastern Europe. | 27 | |
| 12686044632 | 1750 | Industrial Revolution begins in England: a slow process in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machines | 28 | |
| 12686050957 | 1789 | French Revolution: overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon | 29 | |
| 12686050958 | 1791 | Haitian Revolution begins: begins with the Bois Caïman ceremony; Ready to carry out their plans, the slaves meet in Morne-Rouge to make final preparations and to give instructions. The slaves decide that "Upon a given signal, the plantations would be systematically set aflame, and a generalized slave insurrection set afoot." | 30 | |
| 12686054287 | 1815 | Congress of Vienna: was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna; The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. | 31 | |
| 12686059727 | 1839-1842 | Opium Wars: was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China over diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China | 32 | |
| 12686059728 | 1848 | Communist Manifesto written: formed the basis for the modern communist movement as we know it, arguing that capitalism would inevitably self-destruct, to be replaced by socialism and ultimately communism | 33 | |
| 12686068227 | 1853 | Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade: led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world | 34 | |
| 12686072578 | 1857 | Sepoy Mutiny: a large part of the Indian army rebelled against the British authorities; the ensuing bloodshed sent shockwaves throughout colonial Britain. | 35 | |
| 12686080142 | 1861 | Russian serfdom ends/ Italy unifies: Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. By this edict more than 23 million people received their liberty.// a national parliament convened and proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king. | 36 | |
| 12686084545 | 1870 | 2nd Industrial Revolution begins: witnessed the expansion of electricity, petroleum and steel | 37 | |
| 12686091083 | 1885 | Berlin Conference: meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa | 38 | |
| 12686094395 | 1896 | Battle of Adowa: the Ethiopian army of Emperor Menilek II and Italian forces. The Ethiopian army's victory checked Italy's attempt to build an empire in Africa. | 39 | |
| 12686100458 | 1905 | Russo-Japanese War: military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power | 40 | |
| 12686100459 | 1910 | Mexican Revolution begins: ended dictatorship in Mexico and established a constitutional republic | 41 | |
| 12686104013 | 1911 | Chinese Revolution: a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing in its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system. | 42 | |
| 12686108527 | 1914-1918 | WWI (Panama Canal completed in 1914): a global war originating in Europe; cause of World War I that made alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism come into play was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary | 43 | |
| 12686116626 | 1917 | Russian Revolution: The Russian Revolution involved the collapse of an empire under Tsar Nicholas II and the rise of Marxian socialism under Lenin and his Bolsheviks. It sparked the beginning of a new era in Russia that had effects on countries around the world. | 44 | |
| 12686119953 | 1939-1945 | WWII: conflict that involved virtually every part of the world; The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of the disputes left unsettled by World War I. | 45 | |
| 12686129654 | 1947 | Cold War begins/ India and Pakistan split: the great rivalry between the communist Soviet Union and its allies against the United States and its Western allies//British India won its independence from the British and split into two new states that would rule themselves. The new countries were India and Pakistan. | 46 | |
| 12686133984 | 1948 | Israel founded/Gandhi assassinated: David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day//Gandhi had just walked up the low steps to the raised lawn behind Birla House where he conducted his multi-faith prayer meetings every evening. Godse stepped out from the crowd flanking the path leading to the dais and into Gandhi's path, firing three bullets at point-blank range | 47 | |
| 12686143683 | 1949 | Communist Chinese Revolution: a revolution in China that was led by the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong which resulted in the proclamation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October | 48 | |
| 12686147922 | 1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis: leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores | 49 | |
| 12686152556 | 1989 | Tiananmen Square Protest/Berlin Wall falls: mourning students march through the capital to Tiananmen Square, calling for a more democratic government. In the weeks that follow, thousands of people join the students in the square to protest against China's Communist rulers//ecstatic crowds swarmed the wall. Some crossed freely into West Berlin, while others brought hammers and picks and began to chip away at the wall itself. To this day, the Berlin Wall remains one of the most powerful and enduring symbols of the Cold War. | 50 | |
| 12686163990 | 2001 | 9/11 attacks on US: series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11 | 51 |
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