| 11090425771 | Steppes | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. | | 0 |
| 11090425772 | What was the Sahara region in 10,000 BCE? | Grassy steppe lands with water | | 1 |
| 11090425773 | What was abundant in the early Sahara region? | Hunting, fishing, and wild grains | | 2 |
| 11090840542 | Where in Africa did the herding of cattle and collecting of grain begin in 9000 BCE? | Eastern Sudan | | 3 |
| 11090840543 | What were the first foods of Africa? | Sorghum and yams | | 4 |
| 11090840544 | When were permanent settlements built in Africa? | 7500 BCE | | 5 |
| 11090840545 | When was the Sahara fertile? | 10,000 BCE | | 6 |
| 11090840546 | When did Eastern Sudan begin to herd cattle and collect grains? | 9000 BCE | | 7 |
| 11090840547 | When did sorghum and yams start to be grown? | 7500 BCE | | 8 |
| 11090840548 | When were small states with semi-divine rulers created in Africa? | 5000 BCE | | 9 |
| 11090840549 | What were the rulers of Africa considered in 5000 BCE? | Semi-divine | | 10 |
| 11090840550 | When did the African climate become hotter and drier? | After 5000 BCE | | 11 |
| 11090840551 | What caused people to be driven into the river regions? | The climate becoming hotter and drier | | 12 |
| 11090840552 | What happened as a result of the climate of Africa becoming hotter and drier? | People are driven into the river regions | | 13 |
| 11090840553 | What unique feature did the Nile have that made it excellent for agriculture? | Annual, and therefore predictable, flooding | | 14 |
| 11090840554 | Why is the annual flooding of the Nile so important? | The flooding was then predictable and able to be utilized. | | 15 |
| 11090840555 | What was Egypt known as? | Gift of the Nile | | 16 |
| 11090840556 | Where was Egypt in relation to the Nile? | On the lower third of the Nile | | 17 |
| 11093260807 | Where was Nubia in relation to the Nile? | In the middle third of the Nile | | 18 |
| 11093260808 | Why is the northern section of the Nile referred to as the lower Nile? | The Nile flows north | | 19 |
| 11093260809 | What foods were cultivated after 5000 BCE? | Gourds and watermelons; wheat and barley | | 20 |
| 11093260810 | What animals were domesticated after 5000 BCE? | Donkeys and cattle | | 21 |
| 11093260811 | Where did the donkeys and cattle originate from in Africa? | Sudan | | 22 |
| 11093260812 | Where were wheat and barley from? | Mesopotamia | | 23 |
| 11093260813 | Besides Egypt, what was the other major Nile river civilization? | Nubia | | 24 |
| 11093260814 | Is Nubian agriculture as easy as Egypt's? | No | | 25 |
| 11093260815 | When did states begin to emerge in early Africa? | 4000 BCE | | 26 |
| 11093260816 | When did small kingdoms begin to emerge in early Africa? | 3300 BCE | | 27 |
| 11093260817 | What happened in 4000 BCE in Africa? | States began to emerge | | 28 |
| 11093260818 | What happened in 3300 BCE in Africa? | Small kingdoms began to emerge | | 29 |
| 11102884347 | 9000 BCE | Origins of Sudanic herding | | 30 |
| 11102884348 | 7500 BCE | Origins of Sudanic cultivation | | 31 |
| 11102884349 | 3100 BCE | Unification of Egypt | | 32 |
| 11102884350 | 3100-2660 BCE | Archaic Period of Egyptian history | | 33 |
| 11102884351 | 2660-2160 BCE | Egyptian Old Kingdom | | 34 |
| 11102884352 | 2600-2500 BCE | Era of pyramid building in Egypt | | 35 |
| 11102884353 | 2500-1450 BCE | Early kingdom of Kush with capital at Kerma | | 36 |
| 11102884354 | 2000 BCE | Beginnings of Bantu migrations | | 37 |
| 11102884355 | 1550-1070 BCE | Egyptian New Kingdom | | 38 |
| 11102884356 | 1479-1425 BCE | Reign of Pharaoh Tuthmosis III | | 39 |
| 11102884357 | 1473-1458 BCE | Reign of Queen Hatshepsut (coruler with Tuthmosis III) | | 40 |
| 11102884358 | 1353-1335 BCE | Reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) | | 41 |
| 11102884359 | 900 BCE | Invention of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa | | 42 |
| 11102884360 | 760 BCE | Conquest of Egypt by King Kashta of Kush | | 43 |
| 11107721203 | What was Ta-Seti? | A strong Nubian realm | | 44 |
| 11107721204 | 3400-3200 BCE | Nubian kingdom of Ta-Seti | | 45 |
| 11107721205 | By what time was Egypt a large and prosperous state? | 3100 BCE | | 46 |
| 11107721206 | Who United Upper and Lower Egypt? | Menes | | 47 |
| 11107721207 | Where was Menes when he united Egypt? | Memphis | | 48 |
| 11107721208 | What is the pharaoh? | The absolute ruler of Egypt that owns all land | | 49 |
| 11107721209 | What was built during the Archaic Period and Old Kingdom? | Great pyramids of Giza | | 50 |
| 11107721210 | Which of the Great Pyramids Of Giza was the largest? | Khufu | | 51 |
| 11107721211 | What country was Egypt violent against during the Archaic Period and Old Kingdom? | Nubia | | 52 |
| 11107721212 | 3000-2400 BCE | Egyptian domination over Nubia | | 53 |
| 11107721213 | After the domination of Egypt over Nubia, what did Nubia develop into? | The Kingdom Of Kush | | 54 |
| 11107721214 | How did Nubia and Egypt interact once Nubia became the Kingdom Of Kush, despite their conflicts? | Interaction through diplomacy, Nubian mercenaries, and intermarriage | | 55 |
| 11107721215 | 2160-2040 BCE | Period of upheaval after Old Kingdom | | 56 |
| 11107721216 | 2040-1640 BCE | Middle Kingdom | | 57 |
| 11107721217 | Who invaded Egypt, if anyone? | Nomadic horseman called Hyksos | | 58 |
| 11107721218 | How did the Hyksos, Nomadic horseman, invade Egypt? | They used bronze weapons and chariots, which Egypt did not have | | 59 |
| 11107721219 | Did Egypt have bronze weapons and chariots by 1674 BCE? | No | | 60 |
| 11107721220 | What happened in 1674 BCE? | The Hyksos capture Memphis in Egypt | | 61 |
| 11107721221 | What caused the revolts in Upper Egypt? | The Hyksos' invasion of Egypt and capture of Memphis | | 62 |
| 11107721222 | What resulted from the Hyksos' invasion of Egypt and capture of Memphis? | Revolts in Upper Egypt | | 63 |
| 11126105006 | What happened to the Pharaoh during the New Kingdom Era? | It gained power | | 64 |
| 11126105007 | How large was the army during the New Kingdom Era? | Huge | | 65 |
| 11126105008 | What type of government did it have and how large was the government of the Egyptian New Kingdom Era? | A large bureaucracy | | 66 |
| 11126105009 | What were the building projects of the New Kingdom? | Temples, palaces, and statues | | 67 |
| 11126105010 | What did Tuthmosis III build? | An empire including Palestine, Syria, and Nubia | | 68 |
| 11126105011 | What happened after Tuthmosis III built his empire? | Egypt fell into a long period of decline | | 69 |
| 11126105012 | What happened in 1100 BCE? | Egyptians were driven out of Nubia | | 70 |
| 11126105013 | What was the Nubian kingdom called and where was their capital after they drove the Egyptians out of Nubia? | The Nubian Kingdom Of Kush with the capital at Napata | | 71 |
| 11126105014 | What did King Kashta of Kush conquer in 760 BCE? | The Egyptian City Of Thebes | | 72 |
| 11126105015 | After Nubia drove out Egyptians, who invaded from the north, and what weapons did they have which the Egyptians did not? | Assyrians with iron weapons | | 73 |
| 11126105016 | What happened to Egypt after sixth century BCE? | There was a series of foreign conquests | | 74 |
| 11126105017 | What was more prominent in Mesopotamia than in Egypt? | Cities | | 75 |
| 11126105018 | What were the Egyptian cities? | Memphis, Thebes, Heliopolis, and Tanis | | 76 |
| 11126105019 | What was the Egyptian City Memphis? | Head of the delta | | 77 |
| 11126105020 | What was the Egyptian City Thebes? | Administrative center of Upper Egypt | | 78 |
| 11126105021 | What was the Egyptian city Heliopolis? | Center of the sun god cult | | 79 |
| 11126105022 | What was the Egyptian city Tanis? | An important sea port on the Mediterranean | | 80 |
| 11144307745 | What were the Nubian cities? | Kerma, Napata, and Meroë | | 81 |
| 11144307746 | What did Kerma dominate? | trade routes | | 82 |
| 11144307747 | Which of the Nubian cities was the most prosperous after the Nubian conquest of Egypt? | Napata | | 83 |
| 11144307748 | Which city was most influential after the Assyrian invasion because of its location in southern Nubia? | Meroë | | 84 |
| 11144307749 | What is Egypt's social structure? | Peasants and slaves (agriculture), pharaoh, professional military and administrators | | 85 |
| 11144307750 | How is the Nubian social class structured? | Complex and hierarchical society (can tell from tombs) | | 86 |
| 11144307751 | How much power did women have in these early African societies? | They were still patriarchal societies, but women have more power than in Mesopotamia | | 87 |
| 11147370235 | What do women act as in Egypt, and who is a notable example? | Regents; female pharaoh Hatshepsut | | 88 |
| 11147370236 | What did women serve as in Nubia? | Queens, priestesses, and scribes | | 89 |
| 11147370237 | What metal is important, but its alloys are rare and expensive? What are the alloys? | Bronze is important, but copper and tin is rare and expensive | | 90 |
| 11147370238 | Where did iron metallurgy develop? | Sudan | | 91 |
| 11147370239 | Did iron metallurgy in Sudan develop independently or dependently? | Independently | | 92 |
| 11147370240 | What could you use for transportation in Africa? | Sailboats, carts, and donkey caravans | | 93 |
| 11147370241 | What type of goods were exported from Nubia? | Exotic goods (ebony, gold, gems, slaves) | | 94 |
| 11147370242 | What type of goods were exported from Egypt? | Decorative items, pottery, wine, and linen | | 95 |
| 11147370243 | What else was exported from Egypt that was also exported from the north? | Wood, like cedar from Lebanon | | 96 |
| 11147370244 | What is punt? | A boat | | 97 |
| 11147370245 | What did Egypt export with east Africa? | Punt | | 98 |
| 11211884120 | Where did Egypt export punt? | East africa | | 99 |
| 11211884121 | What were the hieroglyphics found on? | Monuments and papyrus | | 100 |
| 11211884122 | By what time did the Egyptians use hieroglyphics? | 3200 BCE | | 101 |
| 11211884123 | What was hieratic script and when was it used? | Everyday writing; 2600-600 BCE | | 102 |
| 11211884124 | What scripts adapted Greek writing? | Demotic and coptic | | 103 |
| 11211884125 | What kind of lives did the scribes of Egypt live? | Very privileged lives | | 104 |
| 11211884126 | Before Nubia adapted the currently undeciphered writing called Meroitic, what other writing did they adapt? | Egyptian writing | | 105 |
| 11211884127 | What were the principal gods of Africa? | The sun gods Amon and Re | | 106 |
| 11211884128 | Which pharaoh ruled during the brief period of monotheism involving Ra and Aten? | Akhenaten | | 107 |
| 11211884129 | Did Pharaoh Akhenaten move the capital? If so, where? | Yes, and to Ahketaten | | 108 |
| 11211884130 | What happened to the gods which were believed in before Pharaoh Ahkenaten's rule? | He ordered their names be chiseled out, and thus they die with him | | 109 |
| 11211884131 | Who was mummified during the Old Kingdom? | Only pharaohs | | 110 |
| 11211884132 | After pharaohs were mummified, who else could afford it? | Ruling classes and the wealthy | | 111 |
| 11211884133 | Who managed to be able to be mummified during the Middle and New Kingdoms? | Commoners | | 112 |
| 11211884134 | What was the belief of the cult of Osiris? (The murder; the restoration of life; the association in the Nile; the judging) | Osiris' brother, Seth, murders him and scatters his body parts. Osiris' wife, Isis, gathers the parts and the gods restore him to life in the underworld. He becomes associated with Nile, crops, life, death, and immortality. Osiris judges the heart of the dead against the feather of truth. | | 113 |
| 11211884135 | What do Nubians do with Egyptian religion? | They combine it with their own | | 114 |
| 11212408059 | What was the Bantu? | A language group from west central africa | | 115 |
| 11212408060 | Where did the Bantu live? | Along the banks of rivers | | 116 |
| 11212408061 | How did the Bantu travel across the rivers? | Using canoes | | 117 |
| 11212408062 | What did the Bantu cultivate? | Yams and oil palms | | 118 |
| 11212408063 | What kind of society did the Bantu live in? | Clan-based villages | | 119 |
| 11212408064 | Whom did the Bantu trade with? | Hunting and gathering forest people | | 120 |
| 11220671575 | When were the early migrations of the Bantu? | 3000-1000 BCE | | 121 |
| 11221295098 | Where did the Bantu migrate? | South and west into the forest lands; south to the Congo river and east to the Great Lakes region | | 122 |
| 11295104889 | What part of the population did the Bantu absorb after they migrated? | Much of the hunter/gatherer/fisher people | | 123 |
| 11295104890 | What did the Bantu occupy by 1000 BCE? | Most of Africa south of the equator | | 124 |
| 11230485861 | Which population did the Bantu absorb much of during their migrations? | The hunter/gather/fisher people | | 125 |
| 11230485862 | Where did the Bantu occupy by 1000 BCE? | Most of Africa south of the equator | | 126 |
| 11230485863 | How did the Bantu settle? | They used canoes and settled along the banks of rivers, spreading from there | | 127 |
| 11230485864 | What caused the Bantu to move inland from rivers? | Agricultural surpluses | | 128 |
| 11230485865 | How did agricultural surpluses affect the Bantu? | they moved inland from rivers | | 129 |
| 11230485866 | Did the Bantu ever become trading people? | Yes (Of course) | | 130 |
| 11230485867 | What caused the rate of migration for the Bantu to increase after 1000 BCE? | The appearance of iron | | 131 |
| 11230485868 | How did iron affect the Bantu? | Iron tools allow them to clear more land for agriculture; iron weapons give them a stronger position | | 132 |
| 11230485869 | Were the Bantu the only agricultural societies in Africa to migrate? | No | | 133 |
| 11230485870 | By when did agriculture spread to most of sub-Saharan Africa? | 1000 BCE | | 134 |
| 11230485871 | What were age sets? | They were teenagers of the same age who went through a right of passage into adulthood to perform specialized roles in society. | | 135 |
| 11230485872 | What were the communities of Africa, mostly? | Small communities led by chiefs with "age sets" and initiation rites | | 136 |
| 11230485873 | What were some major religious differences by area in Africa? | Some worship a single, impersonal, divine force representing good or bad, while many individuals pray to ancestors and local gods for intervention | | 137 |
| 11230485874 | What happened to the cultures of the early agricultural societies of Africa? | They were mixed and intermingled with each other | | 138 |
