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Sawyer AP Literature Terms List 1 Flashcards

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12624532336AlliterationRepeating a consonant sound in close proximity to others (she sells seashells by the seashore)0
12624537205AllusionA casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature (e.g Don't act like a Scrooge!)1
12624540941AnapestA foot or unit of poetry consisting of two light syllables followed by a single stressed syllable (la-la-LA; e.g contradict, engineer)2
12624549304Apostropheact of addressing some abstraction or personification that is not physically present (oh sweet rose, twinkle twinkle little star)3
12624553294Assonancerepeating identical or similar vowels in nearby words (the cat ran after the alligator, past the pastry shop and the alleyway)4
12624557831Ballada narrative poem consisting of quatrains of iambic tetrameter alternating with iambic trimeter5
12624562461Blank verseunrhymed lines of ten syllables each with the even-numbered syllables bearing accents6
12624571390Bildungsromangerman term for a coming-of-age story7
12624575176Caesuraa pause separating phrases within lines of poetry (It is for you we speak, // not for ourselves)8
12624579611Colloquialisma word of phrase used in plain and relaxed speech but rarely found in formal writing (ain't,gonna)9
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AP World History Period 3 Flashcards

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13566167167DhimmisA term meaning "protected peoples"; they included Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.0
13566171207Poygynymarriage that unites 1 man with 2 or more women1
13566172326FuedalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service2
13566173163vassals or serfsA person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times3
13566175567patriarchyA form of social organization in which males dominate females4
13566177037kowtowa former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission5
13566181582foot bindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.6
13566182828caeseropapismThe practice of the emperor choosing the bishops. This was only practiced in Byzantium, where the emperor gave a blessing to the bishops chosen by the patriarch, the leader of the Eastern Orthodox church. It led to a centralization of power for the emperor.7
13566183651caliphatesthree divisions of the Muslim Empire at Cairo, Baghdad, and Cordoba8
13566184497AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.9
13566185590UmmayadsFamily that came to power after the death of Ali; moved capital to Damascus.10
13566187865sultanMilitary and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country11
13566190235BaghdadCapital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon12
13566207655damascusSyrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate13
13566209058ghanaFirst known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade.14
13566209059maliEmpire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.15
13566210050Mansa MusaRuler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.16
13566210861sundiatathe founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes17
13566211812Sui, Tang, and Song DynastiesThe Post-Classical dynasties for China. They similarly looked to expand outward into areas like Vietnam, Korea, Tibet, and Manchuria18
13566222176Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats.19
13566222177DaimyoA Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai20
13566241399Taika ReformsAttempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.21
13566241400FujiwaraJapanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.22
13566243415Bushido Codecode of conduct for samurai during the feudal period in Japan23
13566245349Charles MartelA Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France24
13566246484Charlemagne800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe25
13566247238Holy Roman EmpireAn empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy26
13566248833Hundred Years WarWar between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453)27
13566250620Wars of the Roses(1455-1485) civil war for the English crown between the York (white rose) and Lancaster (red rose) families. established England national identity.28
13566256489CrusadesA series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.29
13566258415alithe fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites30
13566258416Sunni vs. ShiiteTwo branches of Islam divided by the question of who should lead after the Prophet Mohammed died.31
13566262683Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianitytwo branches of byzantine church32
13566263650Great Schismthe official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 105433
13566263651KaabaThe most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca34
13566269008Quaranthe sacred text of Islam35
13566269009HadithThe compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad.36
13566274112Five Pillarsbeliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage37
13566274113Shari'aha law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives38
13566277469UmahThe Islamic community. The Quran calls for people to look out for the needs of the community as well as the individual.39
13566278578Four Rightly Guided CaliphsThe first four caliphs after Muhammad's death. They included Uthman, Bakr, Umar, and Ali.40
13566280698Abu Bakrfirst caliph after death of Muhammad41
13566281598Investiture Controversythe most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Pope Gregory VII concerning who would control appointments of church officials42
13566283235PapacyThe central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.43
13566284689Patriarchthe male head of a family or tribe44
13566287272Proto-industrializationpreliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full- or part-time producers who worked at home in a capitalist system in which materials, work, orders, and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to the Industrial revolution45
13566288132Grand CanalA canal linking northern and southern China46
13566289357Swahili city-statesdominated trade along the east African coast47
13566289358ManorsLarge farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land48
13566290303Hanseatic LeagueAn economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.49
13566294439Marco PoloItalian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.50
13566295472three-field systema system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted.51
13566295473black deathThe common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.52
13566327319MongolsCentral Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph53
13566328598MamluksMuslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance54
13566334402Camel SaddleAn invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.55
13566329854Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.56
13566336018Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.57
13566336019monsoon windsThe seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season. any wind that changes directions with the seasons58
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Chapter 20 AP World History Flashcards

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7153454949How did the emergence of Germany as a new nation-state affect the European political scene after 1870?Germany's arrival disrupted the established order0
7153454950Which of the following explains how an assassination in Austria-Hungary triggered World War I?The triple alliance and the triple entente1
7153454951Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Versailles?Germany was to accept sole responsibility for the cause of WWI2
7153454952The new states that had been carved out of which empire were governed as mandates of the League of Nations after World War I?The Ottoman Empire3
7153454953What happened to the German territory in China after World War I ended?Japan Claimed It4
7153454954Which of the following describes the position of the United States after World War I?It became Europe's main creditor.5
7153454955Which of the following characterized European and American culture in the 1920s?A new consumerism6
7153454956Which of the following represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression?Import substitution industrialization7
7153454957The set of reforms packaged as the New Deal was based on the belief thatGovernment actions and spending programs could correct the market8
7153454958Which of the following was a factor in causing the Great Depression?Speculation on the stock market9
7153454959Which of the following describes popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914?Widespread enthusiasm10
7153454960Which country was least affected by the Great Depression?The Soviet Union11
7153454961Which of the following did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s?Aggressive ambition for conquest & empire building12
7153454962What drew Japan, Germany, and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-1937?Hostility towards the Soviet Union13
7153454963What effect did World War II have on communism?It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power14
7153454964In contrast to what transpired during World War I, Germany during World War II was able toconquer France quickly15
7153454965What effect did the U.S. Marshall Plan have on European economies?It promoted economic growth and widespread prosperity in Western Europe.16
7153454966Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets17
7153454967Which of the following appealed to fascists?Nationalism18
7153454968Japanese politics and society during the 1920s suggested that Japan favoreddemocratic politics and Western culture19
7153454969Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war.20
7153454970What happened to Europe's empires in Asia and Africa after the end of World War II?European empires collapsed as colonies achieved independence.21
7153454971Which of the following committed the United States to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union after World War II?The North Atlantic Treaty Organization22
7153454972How did the American occupation of Japan after World War II affect the Japanese economy?It promoted rapid economic growth and generated economic prosperity.23
7153454973Which of the following contributed to Western European recovery after the devastation of World War II?The ability of Western European countries to integrate their economies24
7153454974Which of the following strained Japan's relations with Western powers in the early 1940s?Japanese military operations in Indochina, Malaya, and Burma25
7153454975Which of the following was a distinctive and central feature of the German expression of fascism?An insistence on a racial revolution26
7153454976Which of the following was a reason for the popularity of the Nazi Party once it seized power in the 1930s?Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression27
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AP Literature Vocab 3 Flashcards

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7487099847didactic verseterm for a poem that teaches almost preaches0
7487112474dionysianpertaining to the base side of man1
7487126881dramastory performed by actors on a stage2
7487148295dramatic ironyirony in which the character uses words which mean one thing to them but another to those who understand the situation better3
7487179982dramatic monologuepoem that reveals a "soul in action" through the speech of one character in a dramatic situation4
7519047417dystopiaopposite of a utopia, controlled world where pain exists instead of pleasure5
7519052886elegylyrical poem about death6
7519060465empathyfeelings of pity and understanding for a character7
7519064572end rhymeschematic rhyme that comes at the ends of lines of verse8
7519075563end stop lineline of verse which both grammatical structure & sense reach completion at the end of a line9
7519090079enjambmentline of verse that carries over into next line without a pause of any kind10
7519095298envelope methodbegins and ends with same setting and/or narrator(s); middle is a flashback11
7519109564epica long narrative, adventures of a hero whom rests the fate of a nation12
7519115544epigrama witty saying, usually at the end of a poem, about 2 lines long13
7519131615epigraphbrief quotation at the beginning of a book or chapter14
7519139981epiphanyan awakening; sudden understanding or burst of insight; key moments in greek plays15
7519151363epitaphan engraving on a tombstone16
7519154843epithetnickname or appellation17
7519159498euphemismsubstitute words that sound better than another; use of inoffensive or neutral words to describe to describe harsher, more serious concepts18
7519191712euphonyquality of style marked by pleasing, harmonious sounds, the opposite of cacophony19
7519196941existentialismterm applies to a group of attitudes which emphasize existence rather than essence20
7519208349expositionthe introductory material which sets the tone, gives the setting, introduces characters, and supplies necessary facts21
7519219997eye rhymeform of rhyme where look is more important than sound22
7519236506fablestory written to make a moral point, using animals as characters23
7519254641fairy talefictional tale, marked by fantasy and magic, often appealing to imagination24
7519261172falling actioneverything that happens in a plot between the climax or crisis and the denouement25
7519269432false dichotomytwo extremes in a continuum of intermediate possibilities26
7519279019fantasyimaginative writing; author breaks away from reality27
7519285209farcetotally ridiculous comedy28
7519288827feminine rhymedouble rhyme(ex. resenting/consenting)29
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AP Literature Poetry Terms Flashcards

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9886204352lyricsubjective, reflective poetry with regular rhyme scheme and meter, which reveals the poet's thoughts and feelings to create a single, unique impression. There are three movements of spirit: aspiration, celebration, and lamentations0
9886214818narrativenon-dramatic, objective verse with regular rhyme scheme and meter, which relates a story or narrative. There are three movements of spirit in narrative poetry: epic, tragic, and comic1
9886226980Sonneta rigid 14-line verse form, with variable structure and rhyme-scheme according to type: Shakespearean or Italian2
9886235901Odeelaborate lyric verse which deals seriously with dignified theme3
9886241829blank verseunrhymed lines of iambic pentameter without end rhyme4
9886246964free verseunrhymed lines that do not have a regular meter5
9886253449epica long dignified narrative poem, which gives the account of a hero important to his nation or race6
9886260499dramatic monologuea lyric poem in which the speaker addresses himself to persons around him; his speech deals with a dramatic moment in his life and manifests his character7
9886270856elegya poem of lament, meditating on the death of an individual8
9886274009balladsimple, narrative verse which tells a story to be sung or recited; the folk ballad is anonymously handed down, while the literary ballad has a single author9
9886282745idylllyric poetry describing the life of the shepherd in pastoral, bucolic, idealistic terms10
9886289721villanellefrench verse from strictly calculated to appear simple and spontaneous; five tercets and a final quatrain, rhyming aba aba aba aba aba abaa11
9886299339light versegeneral category of poetry written to entertain, such as lyric poetry, epigrams, and limericks12
9886312271haikuJapanese verse in three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, often depicting a delicate image13
9886318270limerickhumorous nonsense verse in five anapestic lines rhyming aabba, a-tetrameter b-trimeter14
9886326647iambicu/15
9886329102trochaic/u16
9886332070anapesticuu/17
9886332071dactylic/uu18
9886334260spondaic//19
7517997244amphibrachfoot with unstressed, stressed and unstressed Chi-ca-go20
7517990486metric foot1 ft = 2 beat Iambic u/ Trochaic /u Anapestic uu/ Dactylic /uu Spondaic //21
7518001602amphimacera foot with stressed, unstressed, stressed at-ti-tude22
7518006546catalectican extra unaccented syllable at the end of a line after the regular meter ends23
7518011149caesuraa pause in the meter of rhythm of a line24
7518014242enjambentthe running on of one line of poetry into another without grammatical break25
7518017776rhymerepetition of like sounds at regular intervals, employed in versification, writing of verse26
7518028834end rhymerhyme occurring at the end of 2 or more lines of verse27
7518032600internal rhymerhyme contained within a line of verse b/w 2 or more words28
7518036881rhyme schemepattern of rhymes within a unit of verse, in analysis, each end rhyme sound is represented by a letter (abab)29
7518042082masculine rhymeoccurs when the last syllable of a word rhymes with another word30
7518046211feminine rhymeoccurs when the last two syllables of a word rhymes with another31
7518051716triple rhymelast 3 syllables of a word or line rhyme32
7518054599half rhyme(slant, approximate, near, or off-rhyme) imperfect, approximate, close rhyme sea, beaks33
7518061757exact rhyme(true/perfect rhyme) sounds following the vowel are exactly the same red/bread34
7518066061sight (eye) rhymespelling looks alike but they are pronounced differently35
7518069327alliterationrepetition at close intervals, of beginning sounds in 2 or more words in a line of verse36
7518073478assonancerepetition at close intervals of vowel sounds in 2 or more words37
7518079561cacophonythe use of inharmonious (harsh, rough, unmusical) sounds in close conjunction38
7518083349consonancerepetition of 2 or more consonant sounds within a line to produce a harmonious effect39
7518089750euphonyuse of compatible, harmonious sounds to produce a pleasing, melodious effect40
7518096082onomatopoeiause of a word to represent or imitate natural sounds41
7518099677refrainrepetition of 1 or more phrases or lines at intervals42
7518102616allusiona reference to a mythological, literary or historical person, place, or thing that adds to or emphasizes a theme of work43
7518110216antithesisbalancing or contrasting of one term against another44
7518112204apostrophea form of personification in which the absent or dead are spoken to as if present and the inanimate as if animate45
7518116892conceitvery elaborate comparison between unlikely objects. multiple metaphors46
7518120694hyperbole(overstatement) a boldly exaggerated statement that adds emphasis without intending to be literally true47
7518132281imagerylanguage that appeals to the senses (visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, kinesthetic) emotionally evocative48
7518140432ironydiscrepancy between appearance and reality VERBAL- what he says is different that what he means DRAMATIC- reader knows something the character does not SITUATIONAL- reality differs from anticipated or intended effect49
7518153757litotespecial form of understatement achieved by saying the opposite of what one means by making an affirmation by stating the fact in the negative double negative50
7518160837metaphora comparison of generally dissimilar things without the use of "like" or "as" in order to show something new usually concrete & abstract comparisons51
7518168771metonymysubstitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it52
7518173958oxymorona form of paradox that combines a pair of contradictory or incongruous terms into a single expression53
7518180941paradoxthe juxtaposition of a incongruous or conflicting ideas that reveal a truth or insight54
7518186858personificationa kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics55
7518228854similiea direct comparison of 2 unlike objects, using like or as56
7518231301symbola word or image that signifies something other than what is literally represented57
7518234720synecdochea kind of metaphor in which part of something represents the whole object or idea not a HAIR perished (hair=person)58
7518242432inversion(anastrophe) reversal of the natural/usual word order59
9886347420toneattitude of the speaker toward another character, a place, an idea, or a thing60
9886351789themeauthor's major idea or meaning; the purpose of the poem. Themes express the unity of human experience, and through poems we see that we are more alike as a human race than different61
9886358920moodrelated to tone. association with setting. the emotional quality of the setting62
9886363267dramatic situationcircumstances of the speaker63
9886365374parallelismthe repetition of words, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure, or that restate a similar idea64
9886378784appositivesnoun/noun phrase that renames a noun beside it Mr. Meyer, Zeus to some,65
9886373746appositionuse of appositives to explain or modify66
9886386303ellipsisomission of a word or words that are implied by context67
9886389078chiasmuscross-wise (or mirror-image) arrangements of elements68
9886394211asyndetonomission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses69
9886397307antimetabolerepetition in reverse grammatical order eat to live, not live to eat70
9886400253polysyndetondeliberate use of many conjunctions I study physics and math and literature and spanish and history71
9886412480repetitionrepeated use of the same word or group of words at the beginning and/or ends of successive clauses within poetry72
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