AP French Vocabulary - La Presse Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13370768555 | un abonnement | a subscription | 0 | |
| 13370768556 | constater | to notice | 1 | |
| 13370768557 | creuser | to worsen | 2 | |
| 13370768558 | une enquête | an investigation/ a survey | 3 | |
| 13370768559 | un exemplaire | a copy | 4 | |
| 13370768560 | un journal | a newspaper | 5 | |
| 13370768561 | améliorer | to improve | 6 | |
| 13370768562 | un lecteur/une lectrice | a reader | 7 | |
| 13370768563 | les manchettes (f.) | the headlines | 8 | |
| 13370768564 | une nouvelle | news | 9 | |
| 13370768565 | un numéro | an issue | 10 | |
| 13370768566 | les petites annonces classées | classified ads | 11 | |
| 13370768567 | la presse | the press | 12 | |
| 13370768568 | la publicité | advertising | 13 | |
| 13370768569 | un reporter | a reporter | 14 | |
| 13370768570 | une revue | a review/ a periodical | 15 | |
| 13370768571 | un sondage | an opinion poll | 16 | |
| 13370768572 | les titres (m) | headlines | 17 | |
| 13370768573 | la une | front page | 18 | |
| 13370768574 | demander | to ask | 19 | |
| 13370768575 | écrire | to write | 20 | |
| 13370768576 | expliquer | to explain | 21 | |
| 13370768577 | exprimer | to express | 22 | |
| 13370768578 | imprimer | to print | 23 | |
| 13370768579 | lire | to read | 24 | |
| 13370768580 | poser | to ask | 25 | |
| 13370768581 | publier | to publish | 26 | |
| 13370768582 | rédiger | to edit/ to write | 27 | |
| 13370768583 | épuisé | sold out | 28 | |
| 13370768584 | hebdomadaire | weekly | 29 | |
| 13370768585 | mensuel(le) | monthly | 30 | |
| 13370768586 | quotidien(ne) | daily | 31 | |
| 13370818367 | actuel | current | 32 | |
| 13370820765 | les actualités | current events | 33 |
AP Exam Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13828009837 | Advantages to living in groups | protection from predators, increased chances of mating, division of labor, greater success obtaining prey | 0 | |
| 13846596392 | Active Systems | use of fluids to absorb heat, a solar collector is positioned on the roof of buildings and heats the fluid and pumps it through a system of pipes in the building | 1 | |
| 13846617512 | Andes mountains | nazca (oceanic plate) and South American (continental plate) crashed | 2 | |
| 13846623091 | Arable | able to be used for agriculture | 3 | |
| 13846626150 | Artisan well | a well drilled into an aquifer | 4 | |
| 13846628578 | Cogeneration | using waste heat to produce electricity | 5 | |
| 13846632347 | Electrostatic precipitator | attracts PM and dust via electrical attraction | 6 | |
| 13846635021 | Evapotranspiration | combination of transpiration and evaporation | 7 | |
| 13846638576 | Fertility | the ability to have children | 8 | |
| 13846640733 | Fecundity | the ability to have children | 9 | |
| 13846648572 | Flue Gas Desulfurization | wet, spray, dry and dry scrubbers, wet snubbers are more efficient at preventing sulfur dioxide emissions than dry scrubbers | 10 | |
| 13846657057 | Fujita scale | scale for tornado intensity (F0-F5) | 11 | |
| 13846660472 | Fluidized bed combustion | used on low quality and high sulfur content coals, limestone or dolomite are introduced into the bed of coal, they neutralize sulfur dioxide before it is emitted | 12 | |
| 13846670478 | Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 | set pesticide limits in food and all active and inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/endocrine effects | 13 | |
| 13846674438 | Himalayas | indian plate and euro-asian plate collision both continental | 14 | |
| 13846678669 | Hypoxia | low oxygen | 15 | |
| 13846680711 | Illuviation | deposit of leached material in the B horizon | 16 | |
| 13846700111 | Indoor air pollutants | asbestos, biological (mold), carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, lead, nitrogen dioxide, pesticides, radon | 17 | |
| 13846706527 | Leapfrog development | development that occurs well beyond the limits of current urbanized areas, usually to take advantage of less expensive land | 18 | |
| 13846713258 | Loam | best soil for agriculture | 19 | |
| 13846717199 | Manufactured capital | resources such as tools and factories | 20 | |
| 13846719441 | Milankovitch cycle | variation in the earth's eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession impact the advancement of retreat of glaciers and climate | 21 | |
| 13846725383 | Minamata disease | 1932-1968 Japan, increased rate of mental impairments caused by Methylmercury poisoning | 22 | |
| 13846730829 | Kwashiorkor | protein diet deficiency | 23 | |
| 13846735030 | Legionnaires disease | lung infection caused caused by breathing in bacteria | 24 | |
| 13846749145 | Ocean dumping ban act of 1988 | bans ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste in the ocean | 25 | |
| 13846766681 | Orogenesis | the creation of mountains | 26 | |
| 13846774255 | OTEC | ocean thermal electric conversions, a marine renewable energy technology the obtains and converts the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electrical power | 27 | |
| 13846787659 | Magnuson Stevens Act of 1976 | management of marine fisheries | 28 | |
| 13846789777 | Marasmus | calorie and energy diet deficiency | 29 | |
| 13846792422 | National priority list | list of hazardous waste sites in the US | 30 | |
| 13846795977 | Nor'easter | a storm/wind blowing from the NE, happens in New England | 31 | |
| 13846800787 | Passive | building positioning, building that face south experience more sun, the use of large double paned windows in construction to conserve energy | 32 | |
| 13846810470 | Photovoltaic cells | neither passive or active, a tool used to convert solar energy into electrical energy | 33 | |
| 13846827265 | POP | persistent organic pollutants (DDT) | 34 | |
| 13846831585 | Saffir-Simpson scale | hurricane wind scale, 1-5 | 35 | |
| 13846834668 | Shifting cultivation | tropical regions, moving crops from one location to another in a forest, this technique exhausts nutrients, recovery time is 10-30 years | 36 | |
| 13846848100 | Slash and burn cultivation | trees and vegetation in a forest are cut, burned, and the ashes add nutrients to the soil, crops are planted between tree stumps, plots are exhausted for 2-5 years | 37 | |
| 13846860251 | SPM | suspended particulate matter, dust, pollen or ash | 38 | |
| 13846864959 | Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act | regulates the environmental effects of coal mining, regulates active mines and the reclamation of abandoned mines | 39 | |
| 13846869670 | TFR | total fertility rate, the total number of kids a woman will have in her lifetime | 40 | |
| 13846885047 | Urban Heat Island | cities are hotter than surrounding areas because buildings, vehicles and people generate heat, dark building pavement and pollution also absorb heat | 41 | |
| 13846890904 | Watershed | land that delivers water, sediment and dissolved substances via streams to a major river | 42 | |
| 13847087798 | Western and eastern cordillera | of the andes, the most internal and oldest mountain chain | 43 | |
| 13847089376 | Zebra mussels | native to russia and ukraine, freshwater species in the US outcompeting native filter feeders | 44 | |
| 13847119425 | Human Impact on the water cycle | destruction of wetlands, pollution of water sources, sewage and feedlot runoff, building power plants | 45 |
AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13913020945 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 13913020946 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 13913020947 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 13913020948 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 13913020949 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 13913020950 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 13913020951 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 13913020952 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 13913020953 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 13913020954 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 13913020955 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 13913020956 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 13913020957 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 13913020958 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 13913020959 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 13913020960 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 13913020961 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 13913020962 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 13913020963 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 13913020964 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 13913020965 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 13913020966 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 13913020967 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 13913020968 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 13913020969 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 13913020970 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 13913020971 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 13913020972 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 13913020973 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 13913020974 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 13913020975 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 13913020976 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 13913020977 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 13913020978 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 13913020979 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 13913020980 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 13913020981 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 13913020982 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 13913020983 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 13913020984 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 13913020985 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 13913020986 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 13913020987 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 13913021179 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 13913020988 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 13913020989 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 13913020990 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 13913020991 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 13913020992 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 13913020993 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 13913020994 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 13913020995 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 13913020996 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 13913020997 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 13913020998 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 13913020999 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 13913021000 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 13913021001 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 13913021002 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 13913021003 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 13913021004 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 13913021005 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 13913021006 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 13913021007 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 13913021008 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 13913021009 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 13913021010 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 13913021011 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 13913021012 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 13913021013 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 13913021014 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 13913021015 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 13913021016 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 13913021017 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 13913021018 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 13913021019 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 13913021020 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 13913021021 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 13913021022 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 13913021023 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 13913021024 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 13913021025 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 13913021026 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 13913021027 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 13913021028 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 13913021029 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 13913021030 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 13913021031 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 13913021032 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 13913021033 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 13913021034 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 13913021035 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 13913021036 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 13913021037 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 13913021038 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 13913021039 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 13913021040 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 13913021041 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 13913021042 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 13913021043 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 13913021044 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 13913021045 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 13913021046 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 13913021047 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 13913021048 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 13913021049 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 13913021050 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 13913021051 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 13913021052 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 13913021053 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 13913021054 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 13913021055 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 13913021056 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 13913021057 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 13913021058 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 13913021059 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 13913021060 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 13913021061 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 13913021062 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 13913021063 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 13913021064 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 13913021065 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 13913021066 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 13913021067 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 13913021068 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 13913021069 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 13913021070 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 13913021071 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 13913021072 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 13913021073 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 13913021074 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 13913021075 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 13913021076 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 13913021077 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 13913021078 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 13913021079 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 13913021080 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 13913021081 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 13913021082 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 13913021083 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 13913021084 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 13913021085 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 13913021086 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 13913021087 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 13913021088 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 13913021089 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 13913021090 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 13913021091 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 13913021092 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 13913021093 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 13913021094 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 13913021095 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 13913021096 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 13913021097 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 13913021098 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 13913021099 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 13913021100 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 13913021101 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 13913021102 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 13913021103 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 13913021104 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 13913021105 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 13913021106 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 13913021107 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 13913021108 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 13913021109 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 13913021110 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 13913021111 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 13913021112 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 13913021113 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 13913021114 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 13913021115 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 13913021116 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 13913021117 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 13913021118 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 13913021119 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 13913021120 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 13913021121 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 13913021122 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 13913021123 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 13913021124 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 13913021125 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 13913021126 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 13913021127 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 13913021128 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 13913021129 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 13913021130 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 13913021131 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 13913021132 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 13913021133 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 13913021134 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 13913021135 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 13913021136 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 13913021137 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 13913021138 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 13913021139 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 13913021140 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 13913021141 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 13913021142 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 13913021143 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 13913021144 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 13913021145 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 13913021146 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 13913021147 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 13913021148 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 13913021149 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 13913021150 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 13913021151 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 13913021152 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 13913021153 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 13913021154 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 13913021155 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 13913021156 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 13913021157 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 13913021158 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 13913021159 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 13913021160 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 13913021161 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 13913021162 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 13913021163 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 13913021164 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 13913021165 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 13913021166 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 13913021167 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 13913021168 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 13913021169 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 13913021170 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 13913021171 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 13913021172 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 13913021173 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 13913021174 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 13913021175 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 13913021176 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 13913021177 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 13913021178 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
Flashcards
Decolonization-AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13582865764 | European imperialism | European countries took control (either politically, militarily or culturally) of parts of Africa, India, Asia |  | 0 |
| 13582865765 | Decolonization | Europeans were tired from war (WWI, WWII, Vietnam War, etc.) and didn't want to fight to keep control of India, Asia and Africa |  | 1 |
| 13582865766 | independence movements in Sub-Saharan Africa | Britain and France had trained small numbers of Africans for self-government; this elite (educated) group led independence movements |  | 2 |
| 13582865767 | Bangladesh | Pakistan was originally West and East Pakistan; East Pakistan broke away to form the country of Bangladesh |  | 3 |
| 13582865768 | tribalism | European countries had formed their colonies without regard to local tribes; new African nations had wars between tribes, or attempts by some tribes to create separate countries |  | 4 |
| 13582865769 | Civil Disobedience | A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws. |  | 5 |
| 13582865770 | Salt March | Passive resistance where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt. |  | 6 |
| 13582865771 | cottage industry | Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory: Ghandi encouraged Indians to boycott british goods and buy Indian homespun |  | 7 |
| 13582865772 | Gandhi | Indian nationalist leader who called for Indians to refuse to buy British goods like cotton textiles. |  | 8 |
| 13582865773 | Partition of India | India was divided in to India and Pakistan along religious lines when the British granted their independence. |  | 9 |
| 13582865774 | Pan-Africanism | A movement that believed all Africans should work together "Africa for Africans" |  | 10 |
| 13582865775 | Kwame Nkrumah | Nationalist/independence leader of Ghana. |  | 11 |
| 13582865776 | Jomo Kenyatta | Nationalist/independence leader of Kenya . |  | 12 |
| 13582865777 | Apartheid | Institutionalized racism in South Africa. The government passed several pieces of legislation that bound blacks to certain areas, limited their voting rights, and guaranteed the overwhelming majority of the land went to the small minority of whites. Came to an end in the 1990s and was immediately followed by the election of protest leader Nelson Mandela. |  | 13 |
| 13582865778 | African National Congress | A group formed in protest of the policy of Apartheid in South Africa. It was eventually outlawed due to their violent tactics, and Nelson Mandela, one of its leaders, was imprisoned for over thirty years. |  | 14 |
| 13582865779 | Nelson Mandela | Leader of the African National Congress who went to jail for 27 years because of his involvement in violent protests. He was later freed and became the first black president of South Africa. |  | 15 |
| 13582865780 | Desmond Tutu | Bishop who helped to fight against apartheid in South Africa. |  | 16 |
| 13582865781 | F.W. de Klerk | White president of South Africa who freed Mandela from prison and set about repealing apartheid laws. |  | 17 |
| 13582865782 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese nationalist who turned to Communists to help take back Vietnam from France. |  | 18 |
| 13582865783 | Pol Pot | Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia that forced his people to become peasants and move to rural areas. This resulted in a genocide of his own people. |  | 19 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
Anatomy & Physoilogy Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10215779808 | Physiology | the study of body function/body system | 0 | |
| 10215781733 | Musculoskeletal system | the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the bod and permit movement | 1 | |
| 10215783660 | ligament | tissue that connects bone to bone | 2 | |
| 10215785326 | tendon | tissue that connects muscle to bone | 3 | |
| 10215787080 | topography | refers to the external landmarks of body structures | 4 | |
| 10215789048 | cranium | top, back, and sides of the skull | 5 | |
| 10215789049 | mandible | lower jaw bone. It is the only movable part of the skull | 6 | |
| 10215791740 | nasal bones | nose bones | 7 | |
| 10215791741 | orbits | the bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets | 8 | |
| 10215793391 | occiput | the back of the skull | 9 | |
| 10215796138 | zygomatic arches | bones that form the structure of the cheeks | 10 | |
| 10215796139 | verterbrae | the thirty-three bones of the spinal column | 11 | |
| 10215798834 | Cervial | the top 7 bones of the spinal column | 12 | |
| 10215802922 | thoracic | the mid 12 bones of the spinal column | 13 | |
| 10215804903 | lumbar | the bottom 5 bones of the spinal column | 14 | |
| 10215805797 | thorax | the chest | 15 | |
| 10215805798 | sternum | the breastbone | 16 | |
| 10215805799 | manubrium | the superior portion of the sternum | 17 | |
| 10215806914 | xiphoid | the inferior portion of the sternum | 18 | |
| 10215808072 | pelvis | the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities | 19 | |
| 10215810081 | ilium | the superior and widest portion of the pelvis | 20 | |
| 10215811000 | ischium | the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis | 21 | |
| 10215811864 | acetabulum | the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint | 22 | |
| 10215813627 | femur | the large bone of the thigh | 23 | |
| 10215816317 | patella | the kneecap | 24 | |
| 10215816318 | tibia | the medial and large bone of the lower leg | 25 | |
| 10215818332 | fibula | the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg | 26 | |
| 10215823523 | malleolus | protrusion on the side of the ankle. the lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle. | 27 | |
| 10215827946 | tarsals | the ankle bones | 28 | |
| 10215828827 | metatarsals | the foot bones | 29 | |
| 10215828828 | calcaneus | the heel bone | 30 | |
| 10215831039 | phalanges | the toe bones and finger bones | 31 | |
| 10215831040 | clavicle | the collarbone | 32 | |
| 10215832243 | scapula | the shoulder blade | 33 | |
| 10215832244 | acromion process | the highest portion of the shoulder | 34 | |
| 10215834529 | acromiocalvicular | the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet | 35 | |
| 10215836979 | humerus | the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow | 36 | |
| 10215838614 | radius | the lateral bone of the forearm | 37 | |
| 10215841715 | ulna | the medial bone of the forearm | 38 | |
| 10215841716 | carpals | the wrist bones | 39 | |
| 10215843698 | metacarpals | the hand bones | 40 | |
| 10215843699 | joint | the point where two bones come together | 41 | |
| 10215845431 | voluntary muscle | muscle that can be consciously controlled | 42 | |
| 10215846860 | involuntary muscle | muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled | 43 | |
| 10215849909 | cardiac muscle | specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart | 44 | |
| 10215851264 | automaticity | the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own | 45 | |
| 10215852500 | respiratory system | the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system | 46 | |
| 10215856526 | oropharynx | the area directly posterior to the mouth | 47 | |
| 10215858666 | nasopharynx | the area posterior to the nose | 48 | |
| 10215859966 | pharynx | the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. it is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx | 49 | |
| 10215863509 | epiglottis | a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea | 50 | |
| 10215865946 | larynx | the voice box | 51 | |
| 10215865947 | cricoid cartillage | the ring-shaped strucutre that forms the lower potion of the larynx | 52 | |
| 10215868792 | trachea | the "windpipe"; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs | 53 | |
| 10215870810 | lungs | the organs where exchange of the atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place | 54 | |
| 10215872590 | bronchi | the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. (sin. bronchus) | 55 | |
| 10215875989 | alveoli | the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place | 56 | |
| 10215877869 | diaphragm | the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. a major muscle of respiration | 57 | |
| 10215881173 | inhalation | an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs. | 58 | |
| 10215887006 | exhalation | a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs. | 59 | |
| 10215893904 | ventilation | the movement of air in and out of the lungs | 60 | |
| 10215897475 | respiration (cellular) | the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells | 61 | |
| 10215899497 | cardiovascular system | the system made up of the heart and blood vessels; the circulatory system | 62 | |
| 10215902183 | atria | the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (to receive unoxygenated blood from the body) and a left atrium (to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs) | 63 | |
| 10215907655 | ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (to send unoxygenated blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygenated blood to the body). | 64 | |
| 10215912537 | venae cavae | the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava a major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium. AKA the right atrium | 65 | |
| 10215917388 | Right ventricle | pumps blood the the upper chamber the right atrium. | 66 | |
| 10215923341 | Left atrium | receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle | 67 | |
| 10215925235 | left ventricle | receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body. It is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart. | 68 | |
| 10215929215 | cardiac conduction system | a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat. | 69 | |
| 10215937178 | valve | a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction | 70 | |
| 10215938946 | artery | any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart | 71 | |
| 10215939881 | coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium) | 72 | |
| 10215943290 | aorta | the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systematic circulation | 73 | |
| 10215945718 | pulmonary arterires | the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs | 74 | |
| 10215949213 | carotid arteries | the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head. | 75 | |
| 10215956821 | femoral artery | the major artery supplying the leg | 76 | |
| 10215957812 | brachial artery | artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR | 77 | |
| 10215959900 | radial artery | artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist | 78 | |
| 10215962852 | posterior tibial artery | artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle | 79 | |
| 10215969584 | dorsalis pedis artery | artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe (!) | 80 | |
| 10215977930 | arteriole | the smallest kind of artery (what arteries branch into) | 81 | |
| 10215979842 | capillary | a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells take place | 82 | |
| 10215983963 | venule | the smallest kind of vein | 83 | |
| 10215985250 | vein | any blood vessel returning blood to the heart | 84 | |
| 10215988437 | pulmonary veins | the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart | 85 | |
| 10215989903 | plamsa | the fluid portion of the blood (more than half of blood is this) | 86 | |
| 10215991732 | red blood cells | components of blood that carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells | 87 | |
| 10215995719 | white blood cells | components of blood that produce substances that help fight infections | 88 | |
| 10215998811 | platelets | components of blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells | 89 | |
| 10216000987 | pulse | the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries | 90 | |
| 10216003156 | peripheral pulses | the radial, brachial, posterios tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses which can be felt at peripheral points of the body. | 91 | |
| 10216005984 | central pulses | the carotid and femoral pulses; felt at the central part of the body | 92 | |
| 10216008370 | blood pressure | pressure caused by blood moving through the blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is measured. There are two parts; systolic and diastolic pressure. | 93 | |
| 10216013254 | systolic pressure | the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation | 94 | |
| 10216017250 | diastolic pressure | pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling | 95 | |
| 10216032803 | perfusion | the supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells as well as the removal of waste from cells. This is a result of capillaries refilling with blood. | 96 | |
| 10216038150 | hypoperfusion | below normal perfusion, AKA shock. | 97 | |
| 10216043393 | lymphatic system | the system that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and immune system | 98 | |
| 10216046911 | nervous system | the system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought | 99 | |
| 10216049052 | peripheral nervous system | the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs w/o passing through the spinal cord (ie sensory and motor). | 100 | |
| 10216062067 | automatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions | 101 | |
| 10216064950 | digestive system | system where food is broken down and digested | 102 | |
| 10216067110 | stomach | muscular sac where digestion of the food begins | 103 | |
| 10216068720 | small intestine | the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. This organ receives food and continues to break it down. | 104 | |
| 10216075445 | large intestine | AKA the colon. removes water from the waste products. | 105 | |
| 10216078672 | liver | assists in the breakdown of fats; detoxifying harmful substances; storing sugar; and assisting the production of blood products. | 106 | |
| 10216083075 | esophagus | allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach | 107 | |
| 10216085307 | gallbladder | storage system for bile | 108 | |
| 10216090658 | pancreas | better known for production of insulin; assists in digestion of food | 109 | |
| 10216093554 | spleen | acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for blood | 110 | |
| 10216095387 | appendix | function not well understood; its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain | 111 | |
| 10216120531 | skin | the layer of tissue b/w the body and external environment | 112 | |
| 10216122230 | epidermis | outer layer of skin | 113 | |
| 10216122231 | dermis | the inner layer of skin (beneath the epidermis) | 114 | |
| 10216124254 | subcutaneous | the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis | 115 | |
| 10216125518 | endocrine system | system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions | 116 | |
| 10216127050 | insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetic | 117 | |
| 10216129007 | epinepherine | a hormone produced by the body. as a medication, it dilates the respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions | 118 | |
| 10216133905 | renal system | the body system that regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood | 119 | |
| 10216135627 | kidneys | organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels | 120 |
Flashcards
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
