AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8808957211Pubertythe physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak.0
8808957212primary sex characteristicsovaries, testes, and external genitalia1
8808957213secondary sex characteristicsnonreproductive sexual characteristics: breasts, hips, male voice quality, and body hair2
8808957214Menarche- The first menstrual period3
8808957215Personal fable:type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm.4
8808957216Imaginary audience- type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe that other people are just as concerned about the adolescent's thoughts and characteristics as they themselves are.5
8808957217Preconventional morality - self-interest, before 9, to avoid punishment, or gain rewards •Conventional Morality - caring for others, early adolescence, being able to take others perspectives, rules, law, standards in society Postconventional Morality - ethical principles, abstract reasoning : "people have right to live"Kohlberg's three levels of moral thinking: considering right and wrong: Story of Heinz: Moral Dilemma6
8808957218Andropause- gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of males.7
8808957219Activity theory - theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby. •Cellular clock theory - based on the idea that cells only have so many times that they can reproduce; once that limit is reached, damaged cells begin to accumulate. LO 10.10 Theories of why aging occurs and stages of death AP Physical & cognitive changes from aging Menu •Wear-and-tear theory - as time goes by, repeated use and abuse of the body's tissues cause it to be unable to repair all the damage. •Free radical theory - oxygen molecules with an unstable electron move around the cell, damaging cell structures as they go.Theories of aging8
88089572201.Denial 2.Anger 3.Bargaining 4.Depression 5.AcceptanceStages of Death and Dying According to Elizabeth Kübler-Ross9
8808957221Authoritarian- concerned with rules( parents stern, rigid, demanding perfection, controlling,uncompromising,physical punishment, ) •2. Permissive- very few demands are put on the children for behavior( neglectful- don't pay attention; indulgent- too involved with their children, let kids to behave in any ways they want to) •3.Authoritative: combining firm limits on behavior with love, warmth, affection, respect, and willingness to listen. •What are the consequences of each style?Parenting styles10
8808957222imprintingis any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.11

AP Literature Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
11481106054ParadoxStatement opposed to common sense0
11481106055AxiomsPrinciples of self-evident truth1
11481106056ParodyImitation of a work for comedic effect2
11481106057PaeanHymn of praise3
11481106058RibaldCrude; offensive4
11481106059superciliousHaughtiness5
11481106060LoquaciousExcessively verbal/ talky6
11481106061AltruismDevotion to the welfare of others7
11481106062DeferentialRegard for another's wishes8
11481106063AnamalousIrregular; unusual9
11481106064Petulantrude in speech or behavior10
11481106065Pejorativenegative connotation11
11481106066Sardonicderisively mocking12
11481106067obsequioussubservient13
11481106068Epistolarywritten in the form of letters14
11481106069DrillHaving a whimsical quality15
11481106070ApostropheAddresses absent person or thing16
11481106071MetonymyUse of something close to what is meant17

AP Psychology - THINKING & LANGUAGE Flashcards

Thinking Problem Solving Creativity and Language

Terms : Hide Images
11347856845cognitionall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.0
11347856846Concepta mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people1
11347856847Prototypea standard or typical example (Is that a computer screen that BENDS?!)2
11347856848algorithma precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem3
11347856849Heuristica commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problem4
11347856850InsightA cognitive form of learning involving the mental rearragnment or restructuring of the elements in a problem to achieve an understanding or the problem and arrive at a solution5
11347856851Creativitythe ability to produce novel and valuable ideas6
11347856852Confirmation biasa tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions7
11347856853fixationthe inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set8
11347856854Mental Seta tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past9
11347856855Functional fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving (Is a shoe just a shoe?)10
11347856856Representative heuristicjudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information11
11347856857Availability heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common12
11347856858Overconfidencetotal certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant13
11347856859Belief Perseveranceclinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited14
11347856860Intuitioninstinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)15
11347856861Framingthe way an issue is posed16
11347856862Languagespoken, written or signed words, and the ways we use them to communicate.17
11347856863Phoneme(linguistics) the smallest distinctive unit of sound18
11347856864Morphemesmallest meaningful language unit19
11347856865Grammara system of linguistic rules that enables communication20
11347856866Semanticsthe study of language meaning21
11347856867Syntaxthe rules for grammatical arrangement of words in sentences22
11347856868Babbling Stagebeginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household lanuage.23
11347856869One-word Stagethe stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words24
11347856870Two-word stagebeginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements25
11347856871Telegraphic speechearly speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words26
11347856872Linguistic determinismWhorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think27
11347856873Noam ChomskyAmerican linguist whose theory of generative grammar argued that language and grammar are innate, that we have a language acquisition device built in.28
11347856874B.F Skinnerpioneer of operant conditioning who believed that language development is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments29
11347856875Benjamin WhorfLinguist who theorized the concept of "liguistic determinism" or how language impacts thought30

AP Literature1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9857493325allegorystory or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning0
9857493326alliterationbeginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words1
9857493327allusionindirect of passing reference2
9857493328anaphorarepetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning3
9857493329antagonista hostile person who is opposed to another character4
9857493330apostrophefigure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character5
9857493331approximate rhymewords in rhyming pattern that sound alike6
9857493332asidewhen a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage7
9857493333assonancerepetition of vowel sounds8
9857493334blank versepoetry written in meter without an ending rhyme9
9857493335cacophonyblend of unharmonious sounds10
9857493336caesurapause in the middle of a line11
9857493337catharsisthe release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)12
9857493338flat characterstory character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic13
9857493339round charactercharacter who has complex personality: contradicted person14
9857493340dynamic characterchanges throughout the story, through major conflict15
9857493341static characterperson who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality16
9857493342characterizationprocess of revealing characters personality17
9857493343climaxpoint where conflict hits its highest point18
9857493344comedydrama that is amusing or funny19
9857493345conflictstruggle between opposing forces20
9857493346connotationsecondary meaning to a word21
9857493347consonancerepetition of same consonant in words close together22
9857493348couplettwo rhyming lines in a verse23
9857493349denotationthe literal meaning of a word24
9857493350denouementfinal outcome of the story25
9857493351deus ex machinaresolution of a plot by chance or coincidence26
9857493352didactic writingwriting with a primary purpose to teach or preach27
9857493353direct presentation of characterauthor telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story28
9857493354double rhymerhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)29
9857493355dramatic expositionprose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world30
9857493356end rhymerhymes occurring at the end of line31
9857493357end stopped lineline ending in regular punctuation32
9857493358English sonneta sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg33
9857493359epiphanywhen a character receives a spiritual insight into they life34
9857493360euphonysmooth choice and arrangement of sounds35
9857493361extended figureA figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.36
9857493362falling actionEvents after the climax, leading to the resolution37
9857493363feminine rhymelines rhymed by their final two syllables38
9857493364figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.39
9857493365figure of speecha way of saying something other than the ordinary way40
9857493366footbasic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables41
9857493367formexternal pattern or shape of a poem42
9857493368free versePoetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme43
9857493369hamartiatragic flaw which causes a character's downfall44
9857493370imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)45
9857493371indirect presentation of characterthe personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says46
9857493372internal rhymeA word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line47
9857493373ironyA contrast between expectation and reality48
9857493374verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant49
9857493375dramatic ironyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.50
9857493376irony of situationrefers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended51
9857493377italian sonnetA sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd52
9857493378masculine rhymeA rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable53
9857493379melodramaa play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally54
9857493380metaphorA comparison without using like or as55
9857493381meterA regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry56
9857493382metonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it57
9857493383motivationA need or desire that energizes and directs behavior58
9857493384narratorPerson telling the story59
9857493385octave8 line stanza60
9857493386onomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.61
9857493387hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor62
9857493388oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.63
9857493389paradoxA contradiction or dilemma64
9857493390paraphraseA restatement of a text or passage in your own words.65
9857493391personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes66
9857493392plotSequence of events in a story67
9857493393point of viewThe perspective from which a story is told68
9857493394omniscient point of viewThe point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.69
9857493395third person limited point of viewnarrator tells the story from only one character's pov70
9857493396first person point of viewa character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself71
9857493397objective point of viewa narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.72
9857493398protagonistMain character73
9857493399quatrainA four line stanza74
9857493400rhythmA regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.75
9857493401rhyme schemeA regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem76
9857493402rising actionEvents leading up to the climax77
9857493403sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt78
9857493404satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.79
9857493405scansionAnalysis of verse into metrical patterns80
9857493406sestet6 line stanza81
9857493407settingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.82
9857493408simileA comparison using "like" or "as"83
9857493409soliloquyA long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage84
9857493410sonnet14 line poem85
9857493411stanzaA group of lines in a poem86
9857493412stream of consciousnessprivate thoughts of a character without commentary87
9857493413syllabic verseVerse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.88
9857493414symbolA thing that represents or stands for something else89
9857493415synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa90
9857493416synesthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")91
9857493417tercet3 line stanza92
9857493418terza rimaa verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.93
9857493419themeCentral idea of a work of literature94
9857493420toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character95
9857493421tragedyA serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character96
9857493422truncationUtilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.97
9857493423understandmentthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis98
9857493424verseA single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme99
9857493425vilanellea nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.100

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!