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JCS G11 AP Literature Symbolism Review Flashcards

9670927602	East	Land of birth or rebirth; renewal, youth, feasting, song and love (The sun rises in the east.)	0
9670927603	West	Land of evening, old age, and descending passage of the sun (The sun sets in the west.)	1
9670927604	South	Hand of fire, representing warmth and comfort	2
9670927605	North	Coldness, alienation, hostility, and death	3
9670927606	Spring	Birth or rebirth	4
9670927607	Summer	Youth or "eternal youth" as acknowledged in Shakespeare's sonnet #18	5
9670927608	Fall	Adulthood and maturation	6
9670927609	Winter	Old age, death, the end of life. Exception: The seasonal celebration of Christmas and the New Year represent rebirth and positive change	7
9670927610	Snow	Can be a symbol of winter, freezing, death; can also be a symbol of purity, whiteness, or innocence	8
9670927611	Fog	Prevents clear vision and thinking; represents isolation	9
9670927612	Rain	Sadness, despair, or new life (rebirth)	10
9670927613	Wind and Storms	Violent human emotions, destruction, chaos	11
9670927614	Lightning	Can be either life-giving or death-dealing, so it is a sign of power and strength (Harry Potter)	12
9670927615	Rainbows	Divine promise, peace between heaven and earth	13
9670927616	Thunder	The voice of God or the gods	14
9670927617	Red	Immortality, blood, passion, romance, deep emotion, danger, daring, or sin	15
9670927618	Black	Death, ignorance, or evil	16
9670927619	Blue	Relaxation, peacefulness, calmness or depression, sadness	17
9670927620	White	Innocence, life, light, purity, or enlightenment	18
9670927621	Silver	Subtle strength, awareness	19
9670927622	Green	Inexperience, hope, new life, immaturity, greed	20
9670927623	Yellow	Rotting, heat, decay, violence, cowardice, old age (approaching death)	21
9670927624	Pink	Innocence, femininity	22
9670927625	Purple	Royalty, creativity, bruising or pain	23
9670927626	Brown	Humility and poverty	24
9670927627	Orange	Divine love or extreme lust	25
9670927628	Violet	Temperance and clarity of mind	26
9671072635	Cross	Christianity, Jesus Christ, Sacrifice	27
9671076652	Water	Rebirth, Renewal, Cleansing, Baptism, Purification	28
9671082922	Apple	Temptation, Knowledge, "The Fall," Original Sin	29
9671098661	Bread	Fecundity, Miracles, Sustenance, Communion	30
9671131397	Cave	Darkness, Heart, The Inner Self, Ignorance or lack of awareness (unaware of outside world), The Womb	31
9671148392	Blindness	Not Seeing the Truth, Metaphorical Blindness	32
9671159500	Fire	Passion, Light, Warmth, Hell, The Egyptian Myth of the Phoenix	33
9671159501	Flood	Noah's Arc, God's Punishment, Rebirth	34
9671161387	Dove	Noah's Arc, Peace, Rebirth	35
9671191152	Crow, Raven	Blackness, Night, Death, Bad Omen	36
9671195162	Snake	Temptation, Evil, Satan, The Story of Adam and Eve	37
9671199685	Milk	Innocence, Purity, Infancy, Motherhood	38
9671267314	Sun	Warmth, Life-Giving, Light, Truth	39
9671269170	Moon	Change	40
9671270628	North Star	Allusion to Jesus' Birth, Guidance, Destiny	41
9673342492	Chains	Slavery, Prison, Bondage	42
9673353465	Shadow	The Invisible or Metaphorical Self, The Evil or Darkness Within Us, The Alter-Ego (psychology)	43
9673809405	Blood	Life, Passion	44
9673818236	Wine	Blood, Communion, Drunkenness	45
9673839415	Owl	Wisdom, Night	46
9673880763	The Forest or Woods	Mystery, Danger, Adventure, Darkness	47

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AP Language and Composition - Modes Flashcards

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9777127302	Process	Explains how something works, how do something, or how something was done.	0
9777127304	Compare & Contrast	Juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences.	1
9777127305	Division/Analysis	Sorting materials into categories, making connections between things that might otherwise seem unrelated.	2
9777127306	Cause & Effect	May move from causes to effect or work from the effect to the causes.	3
9777133115	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	4
9777140866	Classification	The process of grouping things based on their similarities	5
9777144121	Definition	A statement that gives the meaning of a term.	6

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AP Language Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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11056473741	ad hominem	An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack. Latin for "To the man".	0
11056473742	ad populum	Latin for "to the crowd." A fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true. Bandwagon appeal.	1
11056473743	appeal to false authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	2
11056473744	argument	A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion.	3
11056473745	assumption	A fact or statement that is taken for granted rather than tested or proved.	4
11056473746	backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument.	5
11056473747	begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	6
11056473748	circular reasoning	A fallacy that occurs when someone tries to prove a point by restating it.	7
11056473749	claim	A statement essentially arguable but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument.	8
11056473750	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true.	9
11056473751	claim of policy	proposes a change.	10
11056473752	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.	11
11056473753	the classical oration	A five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. The five parts are introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion.	12
11056473754	introduction (exordium)	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion.	13
11056473755	narration (narratio)	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	14
11056473756	confirmation (confirmatio)	Usually the major part of the text, includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	15
11056473757	refutation (refutatio)	Addresses the counterargument. It is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion.	16
11056473758	conclusion (peroratio)	Brings the essay to a satisfying close.	17
11056473759	closed thesis	Statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	18
11056473760	deduction	A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise) ; usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism.	19
11056473761	either/or (false dilemma)	A fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.	20
11056473762	faulty analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.	21
11056473763	first-hand evidence	Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.	22
11056473764	hasty generalization	A fallacy that presents a generalization that is either not supported with evidence or is supported with only weak evidence.	23
11056473765	induction	A method of reasoning by which a rhetor collects a number of instances and forms a generalization that is meant to apply to all instances.	24
11056473766	logical fallacy	Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	25
11056473767	open thesis	does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	26
11056473768	post hoc ergo propter hoc	This fallacy is Latin for "after which therefore because of which," meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation.	27
11056473769	qualifier	Words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely that are used to temper claims a bit, making them less absolute.	28
11056473770	quantitative evidence	Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers--for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, and census information.	29
11056473771	rebuttal	refutation; opposing response to an argument	30
11056473772	reservation	An unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly.	31
11056473773	Rogerian arguments	Developed by psychiatrist Carl Rogers, these are based on the assumption that fully understanding an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating.	32
11056473774	second-hand evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data.	33
11056473775	straw man	A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea.	34
11056473776	syllogism	A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them; the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	35
11056473777	Toulmin model	An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosphopher Stephen T in his book the Uses of Argument; "Because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of its waterproof material, unless, of course, there is a hole in it."	36
11056473778	warrant	expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience.	37

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Ap language vocab 7 Flashcards

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8700820714	ambulatory	able to walk	0
8700820715	circumvent	outwit	1
8700820716	Cuckhold	Man whose wife has been unfaithful to him	2
8700820717	Didatic	That instructs us	3
8700820718	effrontery	Impudence	4
8700820719	ethereal	delicate; light and airy	5
8700820720	exigencies	pressing needs, urgency	6
8700820721	gargoyle	grotesquely carved figure	7
8700820722	Hirsute	Hairy	8
8700820723	incantation	formula of magic words	9
8700820724	malfeasance	wrongdoing or bad conduct by a public official	10
8700820725	pontificate	speak pompously or dogmatically	11
8700820726	pyromaniac	person with a compulsion to start fires	12
8700820727	Sapient	Wise	13
8700820728	technique	method	14
8701183461	atrophy (v)*	waste away; gradual degenertion caused by underuse	15
8701183462	Bastion (noun)*	A stronghold or fortification; similar to a stronghold; holds up strong principles	16
8701183463	concord (n)*	a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant	17
8701183464	disarray (noun)*	state of disorder; confusion	18
8701183465	consummate (v)*	to bring to a state of completion or perfection; complete	19
8701183466	Flotsam (noun)*	floating debris; homeless, impoverished people	20
8701183467	frenetic (adj)*	frenzied, highly agitated	21
8701183468	glean (v)*	to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by the reapers	22
8701183469	grouse (v) (n)*	to complain or grumble; a bird	23

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AP Language & Composition Pain Flashcards

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9813144189	Periodic Sentence	Makes sense fully only when the end of the sentence is reached. (point made at end)	0
9813144190	Cumulative Sentence	Makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending. The sentence could end before the modifying phrases without losing its coherence.	1
9813209524	Compound Sentence	Contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.	2
9813212097	Complex Sentence	Contains and independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses	3
9813215451	Compound- Complex Sentence	contains two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.	4
9813220989	Simple Sentence	Contains one independent clause	5
9813229331	Interrogative	A sentence that asks a question	6
9813226381	Imperative	A sentence that gives a command.	7
9813234148	Declarative	A sentence that makes a statement.	8
9813236422	Exclamatory	A sentence that provides emphasis or expresses strong emotion.	9
9813251144	Asyndeton	A construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions	10
9813246622	Inversion	Constructing a sentence o the predicate comes before the subject. This is a device in which typical sentence patterns are reversed to create an emphatic or rhythmic affect.	11
9813254079	Chiasmus	A sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in a second clause is a reversal of the first.	12
9813257084	Polysyndeton	using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')	13
9813264464	Zeugma	use of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one	14
9823667228	syntax	In grammar, the arrangement of words as elements i a sentence to show their relationship.	15
9823685536	ad hominem fallacy	a fallacy of logic in which a person's character or motive is attacked instead of the person's argument.	16
9823715907	ad populum fallacy	a fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true or right.	17
9827970049	eulogistic	involving formal praise in speech or writing, usually for the dead	18
9827972766	pious	displaying a reverence for God	19
9827975201	venerative	regarding with reverence	20
9827979989	laudatory	containing and expressing praise	21
9828015114	anticlimax	a sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, often for humorous affect.	22
9828037885	damning with faint praise	intentional use of a positive statement that has negative implications.	23
9828109241	deduction	A form of reasoning that begins with a generalization,the applies the generalization to a specific case or case. opposite induction.	24
9828125168	induction	a form of reasoning which works from a body of fact to the formulation of a generalization. opposite deduction	25
9828141670	euphemism	the use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but that is also less distasteful or less offensive than another.	26
9828150891	digression	a temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing	27
9828156684	inverted syntax	reversing the normal word order in a sentence. (Yoda talk)	28
9828160553	litotes	a figure in which an affirmative is expressed by a negation of the contrary.	29
9828168135	non sequitur	sentence that doesn't follow logically from the sentence preceding it.	30
9828182319	syllogism	in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them.	31

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AP Language Vocab Section 12 Flashcards

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9343561475	avaricious	Definition: greedy, covetous; having or showing an extreme greed for wealth or material gain; seeking to hoard riches POS: adj Synonyms: gluttonous, hoarding, pleonectic, predatory, rapacious, selfish, acquisitive, mercenary, greedy, covetous, materialistic Antonyms: generous, altruistic, bountiful, magnanimous, munificent, philanthropic	0
9343561476	beguile	Definition: to influence by trickery, flattery, etc.; to take away from by cheating or deceiving; to help pass time pleasantly, to lead by deception, to engage the interest of POS: V Synonyms: deceive, mislead, entice, seduce, delude, exploit, manipulate, allure, captivate; hoodwink, manipulate, exploit; charm, enchant, entrance, bewitch, mesmerize; entertain, amuse, occupy	1
9343561477	conduit	Definition: a pipe, tube, etc. for conveying water or other fluid; protective pipe or tube; pipe or tube for protecting, natural or artificial channel through which fluid is conveyed; a tube for protecting electrical wiring POS: N Synonyms: channel, pipe, duct, leader, line, penstock, trough, tube, fountain, channel, aqueduct, siphon, canal,	2
9343561478	coterie	Definition: a small group of people who associate closely; people with unifying common interests, usually exclusive (like a mini cult); exclusive group of people with mutual interests POS: N Synonyms: body, circle, clan, clique, community, gang, coven, crowd, klatsch, inner-circle, CABAL, cult Antonyms: loner, individualist	3
9343561479	descried	Definition: to see something unclear or distant by looking carefully; to catch sight of, to find out by seeing something POS: V Synonyms: discern, espy, perceive, detect, ascertain, discover, to behold Antonyms: miss, to overlook, disregard, IGNORE neglect, overpass, to be blind to	4
9343561480	equanimity	Definition: mental or emotional stability or composure, especially under tension or strain POS: N Synonyms: calmness, equilibrium, aplomb, composure, countenance, imperturbability, placidity, repose, tranquility, balance, confidence, sangfroid (cold blooded) Antonyms: agitation, discomposure, perturbation, anxiety, alarm	5
9343561481	gamin	Definition: a neglected boy left to run about the streets; street urchin POS: N Synonyms: ragamuffin, WAIF, stray, guttersnipe, imp, scamp, rapscallion, beggar, homeless person	6
9343561482	maraud	Definition: to roam or go around in a quest of plunder; make a raid for booty POS: V Synonyms: despoil, loot, ransack, pillage, plunder, sack, foray, harass, harry, raid Antonyms: guard, protect, support	7
9343561483	marauding	Definition: engaged in raiding for plunder, especially roaming about and ravaging an area; going about in search of things to steal POS: adj Synonyms: predatory, rapacious, ravaging, depredation Antonyms: defensive, protective	8
9343561484	parsimonious	Definition: giving or sharing as little as possible; unwilling to spend money or use resource, exhibiting remarked by frugality to the point of stinginess POS: adj Synonyms: cheap, chintzy, miserly, stingy, PENURIOUS, pinching, sparing, uncharitable, frugal Antonyms: bounteous, charitable, generous, liberal, munificent, unsparing, PRODIGAL, giving, philanthropic	9
9343561485	pecuniary	Definition: of or relating to money POS: adj Synonyms: monetary, financial, fiscal	10
9343561486	proclivity	Definition: natural or habitual inclination or tendency; a strong inclination towards something; a strong liking for something and tendency to do it often POS: N Synonyms: propensity, predisposition, affection, affinity, aptitude, disposition, partiality, predilection, inclination, BENT, leaning, impulse, tendency, Antonyms: aversion, disfavor, disinclination, dislike, distaste, detachment, neutrality, indifference	11
9343561487	recondite	Definition: dealing with very profound, difficult, or abstruse subject matter; beyond ordinary knowledge or understanding; not understood by many people; hidden from site POS: adj Synonyms: esoteric, obscure, arcane, hermetic, kabbalistic, concealed, obtuse Antonyms: shallow, superficial, facile, simple, comprehensible, fathomable, lucid, perspicuous, easy	12
9343561488	sebaceous	Definition: pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling tallow or fat; secreting fatty material; relating to oil or fat POS: adj Synonyms: fatty, greasy, oleaginous, oily, adipose (fat) Antonyms: nonfat, LEAN	13
9343561489	sublime	Definition: 1) of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe, tending to inspire awe due to elevated quality or transcedent excellence 2) to change directly into vapor when heated to pass from solid to vapor, to elevate, to exalt, dignify, distinguish, glorify POS: 1) adjective 2) verb Synonyms: 1) magnificent, grandeur, astonishing, prodigeous, staggering, utter, splendid, august, supreme Antonyms: 1) inferior, lower	14
9343561490	vitiate	Definition: spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of; destroy the legal force of something; debase; injure, twist, warp, defile, soil, sully, contaminate, taint; make faulty or defective; debase status POS: V Synonyms: annihilate, negate, squash, abate, abrogate, debase, impair, soil, sully, abolish, debauch, injure, make faulty or defective Antonyms: purify, elevate, improve, sublime	15

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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

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8068212379	Dialect	A particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.	0
8068212380	Extinct Language	An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.	1
8068212382	Isogloss	A geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.	2
8068212384	Language Branch	A Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.	3
8068212385	Language	The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.	4
8068212386	Language Group	A Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.	5
8068212387	Language Family	A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history	6
8068212388	Indo European language family	Largest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.	7
8068212389	Sino-Tibetan Language Family	2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese	8
8068212390	Lingua Franca	A Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages	9
8068212395	Official Language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.	10
8068212396	Pidgin Language	A Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.	11
8068212397	Standard Language	The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.	12
8068212398	Trade Language	A language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.	13
8068212400	Creole	a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage	14
8068212406	Developing Language	Language used daily for face-to-face communication, includes a standard written expression,	15
8068212410	Theory regarding the origins of indo-European language is	Kurgan hearth in southern Russia	16
8068366856	What is the spatial distribution of the Romance language branch of indo-European	Southwest Europe	17
8068366857	Most commonly used sino-tibentan language	Mandrin	18
8068366858	linguistic fragmentation	Many languages spoken by a small group of people.	19
8068366859	Conquest theory	Kurgan warriors brought their language w them as they conquered other areas	20
8068366860	#1 language family	Indo-European	21
8068366861	#2 language family	Sino-Tibetan	22
8068366862	language divergence	Spatial interactions between speakers breakdown causing new words to develop	23
8068366863	language convergence	Two languages become one because of spatial interaction's	24
8068366864	Differences in language	Grammar, writing direction, alphabet, allowable sounds	25