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AP World History Timeline Flashcards

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84492607532380 BCEUrukagina, author of one of the first codes of laws, reigns in Lagash0
84492607541760 BCEHammurabi's code is published1
844926075517th century BCEZarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism, lives2
84492607561812 BCEAbraham, the father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, is born3
84492607571235 BCESundiata Kieta becomes the King of Mali4
84492607581200 BCEVyasa writes the Hindu Vedas5
8449260759900-800 BCEHomer writes the Iliad and the Odyssey6
8449260760594 BCESolon is entrusted with writing a new Athenian constitution7
8449260761563 BCESiddhartha (Buddha) is born8
8449260762554 BCEConfucius is born9
8449260763550 BCELao-Tze, founder of Taoism, is born10
8449260764550 BCECyrus overcomes the Medians in the Persians' first victory11
8449260765434 BCEPeloponnesian War begins with Pericles as a leading Athenian statesman12
8449260766360 BCEPlato publishes The Republic13
8449260767335 BCEAristotle builds his school of philosophy in Athens14
8449260768329 BCEAlexander the Great defeats the Achaemenid Persian Empire15
8449260769320 BCEChandragupta found the Maurya Empire16
8449260770273 BCEReign of Ashoka begins in India17
8449260771210 BCEShi Huangdi, 1st emperor of China, founds the Qin dynasty18
8449260772206 BCE-195 BCELiu Bang, the first emperor of the Han dynasty, reigns19
844926077363 BCECicero is elected Consul20
844926077449 BCEJulius Caesar becomes sole leader of Rome and dissolves the Roman Republic21
844926077527 BCEOctavian becomes the first Roman emperor22
84492607765 BCEJesus is born23
844926077736 ADPaul's conversion to Christianity24
8449260778272 ADConstantine, who would go on to be Roman emperor25
8449260779496 ADClovis, King of the Franks, converts to Christianity26
8449260780570 ADJustinian becomes the Byzantine Emperor27
8449260781604 ADPrince Shotoku publishes the Seventeen Article Constitution in Japan28
8449260782622 ADMuhammad leads the Hegira29
8449260783732 ADCharles Martel leads the Franks to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Tours30
8449260784800 ADCharlemagne is crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor31
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AP world history study set Flashcards

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10769529766Paleolithic hunter-gathererssmall band who were nomadic meaning they moved where their source of food moved throughout various seasons0
10769555239Early humans migrated from?Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas1
10769577294How many calories did the women bring home? How many calories did the men bring home?Women brought home 70% of the calories as men only brought home 30%.2
10769598844What sophisticated tools did the hunter- gatherers use?Hunter Gatherer's had multiple uses of fire and they also created some art.3
10769618609What does the term neolithic mean?farming4
10787159767Name effects of Neolithic revolution?more reliable food supply, population increase, effects on environment from cultivation of plants, selection of plants, slash and burn farming, domestication of animals, and construction of irrigation system5
10787222410Name some of the inventions that were made in Mesopotamia?invention of writing, wheel, and the plow6
10787251435What does the sedentary agriculture mean?settled farming7
10787264499What does the term pastoralism mean?The tending herds of animals8
10787294006Where did pastrolism develop?Developed in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia9
10788431410How did pastoralists affect the environment?Overgrazing controlled burning elimination of some plant species developed and spread new weapons and modes of transportation composite bows iron weapons chariots horseback riding10
10788516966What is a basic definition of patriarchal societies?Father ruling11
10788586859What does it mean to be in a patriarchal family structure?This means husbands have authority of their wife, kids, slaves, and land12
10788621366When heirs received property what of part of the women was controlled?Their sexuality13
10788644609What were some of the things women had to do in a patriarchal society?Arranged marriage and dowry veiling lack of education, religion, and econ roles double standard on adultry14
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ap world history maps Flashcards

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10610030166north america0
10610030167Latin america1
10610030168africa2
10610030169asia3
10610030170europe4
10610030171antartica5
10610030172atlantic ocean6
10610030173pacific ocean7
10610030174indian ocean8
10610030175mediterranean sea9
10610030176north sea10
10610030177black sea11
10610030178caspian sea12
10610030179arabian sea13
10610030180red sea14
10610030181baltic sea15
10610030183persian gulf16
10610030184bay of bengal17
10610030189alps moutains18
10610030190himalayas mountains19
10610030212hindu kush mountainsnorth of india and himalayas20
10610030191andes mountains21
10610030192mississippi river22
10610030194amazon river23
10610030196nile river24
10610030197indus river25
10610030198tigris river26
10610030199euphrates river27
10610030200yellow river28
10610030202danube river29
10610030203mesopotamia (tigris/euphrates rivers)30
10610030204egypt and nubia (nile river)31
10610030205shang (yellow river)32
10610030206chavin (andes mountains)33
10610030207phoenicia/israel/judah34
10610030208hittites35
10610030209babylonia36
10610030210mohenjo-daro and harappa (indus river)37
10610030214olmecscentral america west side38
10610030211assyrians39
10610030215minoans and mycaneansgrease east mediteranean sea40
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AP World History Chapter 10 Flashcards

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11808056149Jesus Sutrasproducts of Nestorian Christians in China. It articulates the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.0
11808056152Byzantine Empiresurviving Eastern Roman Empire (on the site of new capital: Constantinople).1
11808056153Constantinoplenew capital of eastern half of Roman Empire. It was highly defensible and economically important, and helped assured the cultural and strategic importance of the Byzantine Empire.2
11808056154JustinianByzantine Emperor (527 - 565 CE). He embarked on a short-lived conquest of much of the former Western Roman Empire.3
11808056155caesaropapismpolitical and religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire).4
11808056156Eastern Orthodox Christianitya branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.5
11808056157iconsholy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.6
11808056158Kievan Rusa state that emerged around the city of Kiev (9th century). It is a culturally diverse region with Vikings, Finnic, and Baltic peoples.7
11808056159Prince Vladmir of Kievthe Grand Prince of Kiev (978 - 1015 C.E.) He converted to Orthodox Christianity, which led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.8
11808056160Charlemagnethe ruler of the Carolingian Empire (768 - 814 CE).9
11808056161Holy Roman Empiredescribes the Germanic-based empire founded by Otto I in 962.10
11808056162Roman Catholic ChurchWestern European branch of Christianity (separate from the Eastern Orthodox).11
11808056163Western Christendomwest European branch of Christianity.12
11808056165Crusades"Ventures of the Cross" meaning the holy wars waged by the Western Christendom (1095 until the end of the Middle Ages). It was declared by the Pope.13
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AP World History Vocab ch. 9 Flashcards

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11876087743Silk RoadAn ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.0
11876091945ParthiansIranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E.1
11876091946stirrupdevice for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E.2
11876126419Sogdian MerchantsPeople of central Asia who maintained stability and access of the silk road around 300-600 CE.3
11876146115Indian Ocean Maritime SystemA network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia4
11876150921trans-Saharan caravan routesTrading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara.5
11876154943caravenseraia roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey6
11876165896Sahela strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas7
11876171796Sub-Saharan AfricaPortion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara.8
11876171797SteppesTreeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to Mongol military.9
11876175204SavannaAn area of grassland with scattered trees and bushes10
11876175205tropical rain foresthot, wet biome with year-round humidity; contains Earth's most diverse species of plants and animals11
11876179105Bantu/Bantu Migrationa group of people and a family of languages that originated towards Northern Africa and began to spread; moved into sub-Saharan Africa; brought agriculture and iron smelting throughout Africa12
11876186198NestoriansA Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions13
11876190922ArmeniaOne of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia (east of Turkey today) and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language. The Ottoman Empire is accused of systematic mass killings of Armenians in the early 20th century.14
11876190924EthiopiaA Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa15
11876201010Copts/Coptic Christiansan ethnoreligious group indigenous to Northeast Africa who primarily inhabit the area of modern Egypt, where they are the largest Christian denomination in the country16
11876209416AxumThe Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa.17
11876212321Polynesian Migrationsmariners with canoes who migrated to Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, New Zealand, Marquesas, and Easter Island18
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AP Language Terms (Summer Assignment) Flashcards

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7239533251Rhetoricthe art of designing ways of persuading an audience0
7239535528Aristotelian/Rhetorical Trianglea diagram illustrating the inter-relationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text1
7239537571Speakerthe person or group who creates a text2
7239540557Subjectthe topic of a text3
7239541586Audiencethe listener, viewer, or reader of a text4
7239544024Rhetorical Appealsrhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling5
7239546974three main rhetorical appealsethos; logos; pathos6
7239547979EthosGreek for "character"7
7239555168Why do speakers appeal to ethos?to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic8
7239561002Ethos is established by both ________ and _________.who you are; what you say9
7239562299PathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience"10
7239567110Why do speakers appeal to pathos?to emotionally motivate their audience11
7239569046LogosGreek for "embodied thought"12
7239570790How do speakers appeal to logos/reasonby offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up13
7239578312Rhetorical Situationthe circumstances under which the rhetor ( the person who is writing/speaking persuasively) writes or speaks14
7239815964Types of rhetorical situationssubject; occasion; audience; purpose; speaker15
7239818689Occasion (Rhetorical Situation)the exigence (need/pressure/catalyst) that impels the writer to enter the conversation; The general state of the world outside the more specific context of the issue at hand16
7239820852Audience (Rhetorical Situation)the nature and disposition of the audience17
7239827187Purpose (Rhetorical Situation)the writer's goal or purpose18
7239934511Speaker (Rhetorical Situation)the person speaking to the audience in the text19
7239944196inventio- invention (rhetorical canon)the process of developing and refining arguments; finding ways to persuade20
7239982873dispositio- arrangement (rhetorical canon)the process of arranging and organizing arguments for maximum impact; putting together the structure of a coherent argument21
7239990482elocutio- style (rhetorical canon)the process of determining how to present arguments using figures of speech and other rhetorical techniques22
7239995360memoria- memory (rhetorical canon)the process of learning and memorizing a speech to be able to deliver it without the use of notes23
7240006417actio- delivery (rhetorical canon)the process of practicing how to deliver a speech using gestures, pronunciation, and tone of voice24
72400455675 Rhetorical Canonsinventio; dispositio; elocutio; memoria; actio25
7240013930Argumenta process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion26
7240019935Claimstates the argument's main idea or position; must be arguable27
7240026315Other terms for claimassertion; proposition28
7240028032Claim of Policyproposes a change29
7240029350Claim of Valueargues that something is good or bad, right or wrong30
7240031479Counterargumentan opposing argument to the one the writer is bringing forward; strong writers address these through the process of concession and refutation31
7240035635Concessionan acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable; is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument in a strong argument32
7240047958The Classical Orationthe five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians33
7240054592Five parts of the classical orationintroduction; narration; confirmation; refutation; conclusion34
7240060467Introduction/exordium (classical oration)introduces the reader to the subject under discussion35
7240062630Narration (classical oration)provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing36
7240066663Confirmation/confirmatio (classical oration)usually the major part of the text; includes the proof needed to make the writer's case37
7240072444Refutation/refutatio (classical oration)addresses the counterargument; bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion; denies the validity of an opposing argument; often follows a concession that acknowledges an opposing argument may be true or reasonable38
7240093038Conclusion/peroratiobrings the essay to a satisfying close39
7240623619Closed Thesisa statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the author intends to make40
7240626258Open Thesisa thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay41
7296731610Rogerian Argumentarguments based on the assumption that fully understanding an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating42
7296782548Toulmin Modelan approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin in his book "The Uses of Argument"43
7296803310template for the Toulmin ModelBecause (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation)44
7296822596Qualifier (Toulmin Model)uses words like "usually", "probably", "maybe", "in most cases", and "most likely to temper the claim a bit, making it less absolute; usually precedes the Reservation45
7296832509Warrant (Toulmin Model)expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience46
7296839060Backing (Toulmin Model)consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority47
7296846830Reservation (Toulmin Model)explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier48
7296850949Syllogisman instance of a form reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion49
7296858593Enthymemea syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as true50
7296862856Deductiona logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general premise or universal truth and applying it to a specific case; usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism51
7296869539Inductionfrom the Latin "inducere" (to lead into); a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization52
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AP Language and Composition - Key Terms Flashcards

Trimester 1

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11791628166AlusionBrief and idirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political sugnifacance. Example: "Don't act like a Romeo in front of her." ... "Romeo" is a reference to Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet."0
11791628167Aristotelian AppealsEthos: convincing an audience based on credibility of the persuader. Pathos: convincing an audience by creating an emotional response from the reader. Logos: convincing an audience using facts, statistics, and figures.1
11791628168AmplificationRhetorical device used to make a simple sentence less abrupt, giving further meanings by describing and repeating a certain statement or idea. Example: "Mr. and Mrs. Veneering were bran-new people in a bran-new house in a bran-new quarter of London."2
11791628169AnalogyComparison between two different things in hopes of explaining something. Example: "Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer."3
11791628170AnaphoraDeliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence. Example: "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better."4
11792243455AntecedentAn earlier clause, phrase, or word to which a pronoun, noun, or another word refers. Example: "David plays football in the courtyard. All the children have gathered there."5
11792243456AppositiveA noun or word followed by another noun or phrase that renames or identifies it. Example: "John's friend, Michael, likes chocolate." ... John has other friends, but this refers to only Michael.6
11792243457AssonanceTakes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds. Example: "Men sell the wedding bells."7
11792243458AlliterationA stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series. Example: "A big bully beats a baby boy."8
11792243459CacophonyThe use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing, and unmelodious sounds - primarily those of consonants - to achieve desired results. Example: "The nasal whine of power whips a new universe."9
11792243460ChiasmusRhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures to produce an artistic effect. Example: "His time a moment, and a point his space."10
11792243461Colloquial DictionInformal language used in everyday speech. Example: "Hey dude, how's it hanging?"11
11792243462ConceitA figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors. Example: "My life is like a free online game, people seem to be playing with it."12
11792463218ConnotationA meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Example: "That women is so pushy!" ... Pushy refers to someone who is loud-mouthed, insisting, and irritating.13
11793201063ConsonanceRefers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. Example: "She ate seven sandwiches on a sunny Sunday last year."14
11793201064EuphemismPolite, indirection expressions that replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite. Example: "Kick the bucket." ... To "kick the bucket" means to die.15
11793201065EuphonyUse of words and phrases that are distinguish led as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create. Example: "Success is counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed."16
11793201066Figurative LanguageFigures of speech used to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful. Example: "He has learned gymnastics, and is as agile as a monkey." (Simile)17
11793201067JuxtapositionTwo or more ideas, places, characters, and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative, or poem, for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. Example: "O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night, like a rich jewel in an Ethiopia's ear."18
11793201068Loose SentenceAlso known as a cumulative sentence. A main idea/clause is written first, short and to the point, and then subordinate ideas/additional elements are added to the sentence. Example: "He laughed uncontrollably, along with other family members, after the young children told jokes and sang silly songs."19
11793201069MetonymyA figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else. Example: "England decides to keep check on immigration." ... England refers to the government.20
11793201070OctaveA verse form that contains eight lines, which usually appear in an iambic pentameter. It can be any stanza in a poem that contains eight lines and follows a rhyme or unrhymed meter.21
11793201071OnomatopoeiaA word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. Example: "The books fell on the table with a loud thump."22
11793201072OxymoronA figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. Example: "Paid volunteers were working."23
11793201073ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly, but which may include a latent truth. Example: "I can resist anything but temptation."24
11793201074ParallelismThe use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same, or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. Example: "Like father, like son."25
11793201075Periodic SentenceSentence that has the main clause or predicate at the end. Example: "Presenting, the winner of seven Academy Awards and two Tony Awards, I present the starts of tonight's play, Herbert Smith."26
11793201076PersonificationFigure of speech in which a thing is given human attributes. Example: "The sky weeps."27
11793201077ProseA form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of speech, and ordinary grammatical structure, rather than rhythmic structure, such as in the case of tradition poetry. Example: "Some of the exports of Brazil are soybeans, sugar, orange juice, and iron ore."28
11793201078PunA play on words that produces a humorous effect by using a word that suggests two or more meanings. Example: "A horse is very stable."29
11793201079Rhetorical QuestionA question asked just for effect, or to lay emphasis on some point being discussed, when no real answer is expected.30
11793201080RepetitionRepeats the same word or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable.31
11793201081ImageryTo use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Example: "It was dark and dim in the forest."32
11793201082IronySituational: something unexpected happens that both the characters, and audience, didn't expect. Dramatic: the reader knows something the characters do not. Verbal: what is said is different than what is meant.33
11793201083SymbolismThe use of objects, actions, events, or words that signify ideas and qualities.34
11793201084SynecdocheLiterary device in which part of something represents the whole, or it may use a while to represent a part. Example: The word "wheels" refers to a car.35
11793201085SyntaxA set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. Example: "What light from tinder window breaks?" ... Rather than, "What light breaks from yonder window."36
11793201086UnderstatementA figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is.37
11793201087VoiceThe form through which narrators tell their stories.38
11793201088ThemeA main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work, which may be stated directly or indirectly.39
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AP Language Sets A-E Flashcards

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11733346181ALLITERATIONrepetition of the same sound within nearby words; most often, repeated initial consonants0
11733346182APOSTROPHEaddresses an abstraction, an inanimate object, or to the someone not present1
11733346183HYPERBOLEexaggeration for effect2
11733346184MEIOSISunderstatement for effect3
11733346185LITOTESmaking an affirmative point by denying its opposite4
11733346186PERSONIFICATIONgiving human characteristics to non-human things5
11733346187IRONY (verbal and situational)reversal of expectations or speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says6
11733346188SARCASMa mocking or derogatory statement, usually ironic, directed and intended to hurt another person7
11733346189SATIREliterary genre that uses irony, wit and sometimes sarcasm to expose humanity's vices and foibles, giving impetus to change or reform through ridicule8
11733346190SIMILEcomparing two distinct things by using connective words such as like or as9
11733346191METAPHORidentify one object or idea with another in one or more aspects via representation or substitution10
11733346192METONYMYsubstituting the word in mind with an object closely related to it (White House for President)11
11733346193SYNECDOCHEa part of something is used to represent the whole of something (all hands on deck)12
11733346194ANAPHORArepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences13
11733346195ANTIMETABOLErepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order (similar to chiasmus)14
11733346196ANTITHESISbalancing contrasting terms against each other for emphasis15
11733346197ZEUGMAone word is used to mean two different things simultaneously16
11733346198ANASTROPHEreversal of word order to make a point17
11733346199ANTECEDENTthe original noun, noun phrase or clause referred to later in the text by other means (pronouns, metaphors, etc.)18
11733346200APPOSITIVEa noun or noun phrase that further describes a nearby noun or pronoun19
11733346201PHRASEgroup of words without a verb (always dependent on other words to make a complete sentence)20
11733346202CLAUSEgroup of words with a verb (independent clauses are complete sentences; dependent clause require an independent clause to make a complete sentence)21
11733346203SIMPLE SENTENCEsentence containing one independent clause22
11733346204COMPOUND SENTENCEsentence containing multiple independent clauses23
11733346205COMPLEX SENTENCEsentence containing at least one independent and at least one dependent clause24
11733346206FRAGMENTincomplete sentence (can be effective depending on the purpose)25
11733346207SUBORDINATIONthe use of a conjunction to make the meaning of one clause dependent on another clause26
11733346208PASSIVE VOICEwhen the object of the verb is the subject of the sentence. (The homework is read by Sam.)27
11733346209ACTIVE VOICEwhen the subject is doing the action. (Sam reads the homework.)28
11733346222STATUS QUOthe existing condition or state of affairs29
11733346223ACERBICbitter, sharp in taste or temper30
11733346224CRITICALfinding fault31
11733346225CAUSTIC(adj.) able to burn or eat away by chemical action; biting, sarcastic32
11733346226GUISEoutward appearance; false appearance33
11733346227SEMBLANCEa likeness; an outward appearance34
11733346228DISPARAGEregard or represent as being of little worth35
11733346229PROSCRIBEto forbid36
11733346230APHORISMa concise statement of a truth or principle37
11733346231SINE QUA NONan essential or indispensable element or condition38
11733346232AFFLUENTrich; prosperous; wealthy39
11733346233ILLUSORYdeceptive; false; misleading40
11733346234DISPARATEfundamentally different; entirely unlike41
11733346235VINDICATEclear from hint or charge of wrongdoing; to justify42
11733346236APLOMBconfidence without arrogance43
11733346237AUSPICIOUSfavorable; promising44
11733346238HARANGUElong, passionate, ranting speech (diatribe)45
11733346239DISSENTdifference of opinion (implies refusal to assent and/or withholding consent)46
11733346240UBIQUITOUSpresent, appearing, or found everywhere47
11733346241PARADIGMmodel or pattern; worldview, set of shared assumptions, values, etc.48
11733346242TRAVESTYa grotesque or grossly inferior imitation (often unintentional)49
11733346243CREDULOUStoo trusting; gullible50
11733346244UNTENABLEimpossible to defend or justify51
11733346245OPULENTluxurious; grandiose52
11733346246TACITunderstood or implied without being stated53
11733346247COMPUNCTIONa feeling of anxiety caused by regret for doing something wrong or causing pain54
11733346248EXACERBATEto increase the severity; aggravate55
11733346249AMELIORATEto make or become better or improve56
11733346250PLACATEto appease or pacify with concessions57
11733346251ASSUAGEto make milder; relieve; soothe, calm fears or anger58
11733346252VIABLE1. capable of living; 2. useful or effective59
11733346253DENIGRATEto attack the reputation of; to speak ill of60
11733346254VEHEMENTstrongly emotional; intense or passionate61
11733346255DELINEATEto portray in words; describe with precision62
11733346256INUREDmade tough by habitual exposure63
11733346257SALIENTprominent; of notable significance64
11733346258EXTOLto praise, to glorify65
11733346259ENERVATEto weaken; to reduce in vitality66
11733346260LACONICbrief and to the point67
11733346261VERBOSEwordy, long winded68
11733346262CACHETa mark of distinction; prestige69
11733346263ELICITto draw forth, bring out from some source70
11733346264OBSCUREunclear; not well known; partially hidden; hard to understand71
11733346265VISCERALInstinctive rather than rational72
11733346266QUINTESSENTIALthe most typical; ideal73
11733346267ELUCIDATEto clarify, explain74
11733346268FIATan official order, a decree75
11733346269SACROSCANTholy; too sacred to attack (often used ironically)76
11733346270WINDFALLunexpected good fortune77
11733346271ASCETICISMself-restraint; doctrine that claims renunciation of worldly pleasures allows one to achieve a higher spiritual state of being78
11733346210POSTHUMOUSoccurring after a person's death79
11733346211ONUSa difficult obligation, task, burden, responsibility80
11733346212PEJORATIVEhaving a disparaging or belittling effect81
11733346213IMMUTABLEunchangeable82
11733346214RECAPITULATEsummarize briefly83
11733346215CAPITULATEto surrender; to give up resistance84
11733346216PREEMINENTsuperior; surpassing; above or before others85
11733346217SARDONICmocking; cynical; sneering86
11733346272INNATEexisting from birth, inborn87
11733346273DISILLUSIONto disappoint someone by breaking his or her belief in a false ideal88
11733346274GUILEtreacherous cunning, deceit89
11733346275OSTRACIZEexclude from a group, banish, send away90
11733346276IMPUGNto attack as false or questionable91
11733346277IMPUNITYexemption from punishment92
11733346278MITIGATEto make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity93
11733346279INCESSANTcontinuing without pause or interruption (seemingly nonstop)94
11733346280VIS A VISin relation to or compared with95
11733346281INSIDIOUSintended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherous96
11733346282TUMULTUOUSdisturbance and uproar; raising a great clatter and commotion97
11733346283SUBSTANTIATEto support with proof or evidence98
11733346284POLEMICALcontroversial; argumentative99
11733346285EGREGIOUSoutstandingly bad100
11733346286LAMBASTEattack verbally101
11733346287VACUOUSlacking ideas or intelligence; empty102
11733346288VACILLATEwaver; sway indecisively103
11733346218OBSTINATEfirmly and unreasonably adhering to one's purpose, opinion104
11733346219OBDURATEunmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; unyielding.105
11733346220INGRATIATEgain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts106
11733346221ESOTERICunderstandable by only an enlightened inner circle107
11733346289REPLETEfull; abundant; filled to the brim108
11733346290RIFEprevalent; widespread; common (often negative)109
11733346291REPREHENSIBLEshameful; very bad110
11733346292ENSCONCEto settle securely or snugly; comfortably111
11733346293ENSHROUDto cover; conceal; to enclose with a dark cover112
11733346294TEDIUMdullness; monotony; boredom113
11733346295RESCINDto take back, repeal114
11733346296REFUTEto prove incorrect115
11733346297LAMPOONto ridicule with satire116
11733346298HEDONISMbelief that attainment of pleasure is life's chief aim117
11733346299EPHEMERALshort-lived; fleeting118
11733346300BOMBASTICpompous or pretentious talk or writing119
11733346301OBFUSCATEto confuse; to bewilder120
11733346302DECORUMproper behavior, good taste; orderliness121
11733346303DOGGEDpersistent, stubbornly determined, refusing to give up122
11733346304CURTAILto cut short; end sooner than expected123
11733346305DEGRADEreduce someone's worth or value; step down to a lower position, rank, social status (suggest humiliation)124
11733346306PRESUMPTUOUStoo forward or bold; overstepping proper bounds125
11733346307PROPENSITYa natural inclination or tendency126
11733346308PENCHANTa strong inclination or liking127
11733346309INEPTunskilled; clumsy; incompetent128
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