Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards
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| 9780671117 | decolonization | process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation. | 0 | |
| 9780671118 | Indian National Congress | Organization established in 1885 by Western-educated elite Indians in an effort to win a voice in the governance of India; became a major popular movement that won India's independence from Britain. |  | 1 |
| 9780671119 | Mahatma Gandhi | a political leader and the undoubted spiritual leader of the Indian drive for independence from Great Britain |  | 2 |
| 9780671120 | Muslim League | a response to the Indian National Congress in India's struggle for independence from Britain; the League's leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan. | 3 | |
| 9780671121 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | leader of India's All-India Muslim League and first president of the breakaway state of Pakistan (1876-1948). |  | 4 |
| 9780671122 | Abdul Ghaffar Khan | a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the British Raj. |  | 5 |
| 9780671123 | African National Congress | South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994. | 6 | |
| 9780671124 | Nelson Mandela | South African nationalist (b. 1919) and leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned for twenty-seven years on charges of treason, sabotage, and conspiracy to overthrow the apartheid government of South Africa; he was elected president of South Africa in 1994, four years after he was finally released from prison. |  | 7 |
| 9780671125 | Black Consciousness | South African movement that sought to foster pride, unity, and political awareness among the country's African majority and often resorted to violent protest against white minority rule. | 8 | |
| 9780671126 | military government | the government established by a military commander in conquered territory to administer the military law declared by him under military authority applicable to all persons in the conquered territory and superseding any incompatible local law | 9 | |
| 9780671127 | Mozambique's civil war | Policies of the newly introduced government irritated people; opposition arose and began a 15 year civil war starting in 1977. There are still conflicts occurring as of 2013 based around this war. | 10 | |
| 9780671128 | globalization of democracy | Democratic globalization is a social movement towards an institutional system of global democracy that would give world citizens a say in world organizations. | 11 | |
| 9780671129 | import substitution industrialization | a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. | 12 | |
| 9780671130 | export-led industrialization | a trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a country by exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage. | 13 | |
| 9780671131 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881—1938); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state. |  | 14 |
| 9780671132 | Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | Important Shia ayattolah (advanced scholar of Islamic law and religion) who became the leader of Iran's Islamic revolution and ruled Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. |  | 15 |
| 9780671133 | satyagraha | "truth force"; Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy, which advocated confrontational but nonviolent political action. | 16 | |
| 9780671134 | soweto | Impoverished black neighborhood outside Johannesburg, South Africa, and the site of a violent uprising in 1976 in which hundreds were killed; that rebellion began a series of violent protests and strikes that helped end apartheid. | 17 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History vocab Chapter 6 & 7 Flashcards
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| 11454812790 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula, culture based on camel and goat nomadism, early converts to Islam. a nomadic Arab who lives in the Arabian, Syrian, or North African deserts polytheistic, a sheikh rules with consent of a tribal council. They worshiped Allah. Each tribe had a sacred stone, but the most revered stone is large black stone at the city of Mecca | 0 | |
| 11454812791 | shaykhs | Leaders of the tribes and clans of Arab Bedouin groups. an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village. bedouin society leaders usually male with many wives/children/large herds | 1 | |
| 11454812792 | Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka 'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam. |  | 2 |
| 11454812793 | Umayyad | a member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from AD 660 (or 661) to 750 and Moorish Spain from 756 to 1031. The dynasty claimed descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muhammad. members of the Sunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661 to 750 | 3 | |
| 11454812794 | Umayyad Caliphate | First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. (661-750 CE) The Islamic caliphate that established a capital at Damascus, conquered North Africa, the Iberian Pennisula, Southwest Asia, and Persia, and had a bureaucracy with only Arab Muslims able to be a part of it. Who: Governor of Syria, Muawiya, and his successors, Shi'ites, Sunnis, Kharijites, Uthman. What: Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China and deep into Asia, claiming Afghanistan for a Muslim base. Fell apart due to tension in the kingdom between the Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kharijites, the malawis (Muslim converts) and born Muslims, and the religion and state. When: 661-750 Where: Middle East, Damascus Why: Beginning of great strife in the Muslim community |  | 4 |
| 11454812795 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among Bedouin tribes; later incorproated as important shrine in Islam. 1st Islamic shrine that Muslims believe was built by Abraham the building which Muslims face to pray five times a day |  | 5 |
| 11454812796 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. Also known as Yathrib; town located northwest of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to Bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca |  | 6 |
| 11454812797 | Qu'ran | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. The holy book of Islam. the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina |  | 7 |
| 11454812798 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) Prophet of Islam; born 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by fathers family; received revelations from Allah in 610 CE and thereafter; died in 632 |  | 8 |
| 11454812799 | Khadijah | (555-619) First wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader. | 9 | |
| 11454812800 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 10 | |
| 11454812801 | umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity. The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. the community of believers in Islam, which transcends ethnic and political boundaries. | 11 | |
| 11454812802 | zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 12 | |
| 11454812803 | five pillars | The basic tenets of Islam: Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet; pray to Allah five times a day facing Mecca; fast during the month of Ramadan; pay alms/zakat for the relief of the weak and the poor; take a hajj to Mecca obligatory religious duties of all Muslims: confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj. |  | 13 |
| 11454812804 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 14 | |
| 11454812805 | hajj | The pilgrimage to Mecca required to take by Muslims A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 15 | |
| 11454812806 | caliph | The Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims | 16 | |
| 11454812807 | jihad | The Muslim word for "struggle" especially when trying to follow the will of Allah. Often used for wars in defense of faith. A contoversial term in Islam that literally means "striving in the way of Allah" | 17 | |
| 11454812808 | Nestorians | A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions. | 18 | |
| 11454812809 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. Believers in 4 original caliphs ;founded Umayyad dynasty; made up about 90% of Muslims | 19 | |
| 11454812810 | Shi'a | Branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Mainly found in Iran and a small part of Iraq. It is the state religion of Iran. A member of this group is called a Shi'ite. | 20 | |
| 11454812811 | Karbala | Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate. | 21 | |
| 11454812812 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 22 | |
| 11454812813 | jizya | The tax on people in the Umayyad Caliphate who did not convert to Islam. Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within the Muslim empire Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 23 | |
| 11454812814 | dhimmi | member of the "People of the Book" protected when living under Muslim rule Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians is Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 24 | |
| 11454812815 | Hadiths | A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law. Traditions of the prophet Muhammad Traditional records of the deeds of Muhammad, and his quotations | 25 | |
| 11454812816 | Abbasids | third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The rulers who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs. In started in 750 CE. It flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks. In the 13th century the Mongols displaced them dynasty that ruled in Bagdad from 750-1258 | 26 | |
| 11454812817 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon. |  | 27 |
| 11454812818 | dhow | ships invented by Arabs with triangular sails used to sail to Africa strongly influenced European ship design | 28 | |
| 11454812819 | sakk | Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world. refers to an Islamic financial certificate representing partial ownership in a debt (sukuk al murabaha), property (sukuk al ijarah), project (sukuk al istisna'a), business (sukuk al musharaka), or investment | 29 | |
| 11454812820 | Hijra | Muhammad's move to Medina. Start of the Islamic calendar (632 CE) The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam | 30 | |
| 11454812821 | mosque | A Muslim place of worship | 31 | |
| 11454812822 | Berbers | have occupied North Africa, specifically the Maghreb, since the beginning of recorded history and until the Islamic conquests of the 8th century CE constituted the dominant ethnic group in the Saharan region. A Neolithic society, marked by domestication and subsistence agriculture, developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean region (the Maghreb) of northern Africa between 6000 and 2000 BC. This type of life, richly depicted in the Tassili n'Ajjer cave paintings of southeastern Algeria, predominated in the Maghreb until the classical period. | 32 | |
| 11454812823 | Sogdian merchants | They are known as Iranian people Buddhism, Islam, and Indian and East Asian cultures influenced the Sogdian culture and shaped it to be cosmopolitan. This took place through the Silk Road bringing these cultures together in Sogdiana who then became heavily involved in trade. the syllabic script of the Sogdians was adopted by the Uighurs and worked into Turkic writing as their culture spread through trading in the Silk Road. a major part in the transfer of goods along the Silk Road. They were the principal merchants. Not only did the they transfer goods they also assisted in cross-cultural exchanges, especially with the Chinese and the Turks. Therefore they held two roles along the Silk Road, typical merchants and facilitators of cultural exchanges. | 33 | |
| 11454812824 | Harun al-Rashid | became the fifth caliph (religious and political leader of an Islamic state) of the Abbasid dynasty (ruling family) in September 786 at the age of twenty. During his reign the power and prosperity of the dynasty was at its height, though it has also been argued that its decline began at that time. | 34 | |
| 11454812825 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid 11th century the first people to invade Anatolia completely. With the establishment of the Anatolian Seljuk State as part of the Great Seljuk Empire began the Islamic period in Turkey. They played a major role in the Middle Ages in defending the Islamic world against the Crusaders, and conquering large parts of the Byzantine Empire. They also did a service to Europe by providing a barrier between them and the raiding Mongols. Finally their importance lay in the fact that they paved the way for the Ottoman Turks. | 35 | |
| 11454812826 | Crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Western European Christians to reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. holy wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims | 36 | |
| 11454812827 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. (1332-1406) A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations--strong, weak, dissolute. | 37 | |
| 11454812828 | ulama | the theologians and legal experts of Islam. Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-islamic ideas and scientific thinking. | 38 | |
| 11454812829 | Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah. responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia and other regions | 39 | |
| 11454812830 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph. A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 40 | |
| 11454812831 | Mongol Empire | an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe. |  | 41 |
| 11454812832 | Chinggis Khan | The title of Temujin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227). It means the 'universal' leader. He was the founder of the Mongol Empire. Elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China; territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world. (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms. (Ghengis Khan) |  | 42 |
| 11454812833 | Hulegu | 1217-1265 Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis (Ghengis) Khan; was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. Son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia, a precursor to the eventual Safavid dynasty, and then the modern state of Iran. Under Hulagu's leadership, the siege of Baghdad (1258) destroyed the greatest center of Islamic power and also weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo. | 43 | |
| 11454812834 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 44 | |
| 11454812835 | Mahmud of Ghazni/Ghaznavids | (971-1030) Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of the wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. Islamic leader who ruled parts of Iran and India between the years 997-1030. Islamic presence in India was quite new at the time. Unaccustomed to ruling a non-Muslim population, he destroyed various Hindu and Buddhist temples. His raids into India are often portrayed as being motivated by money. | 45 | |
| 11454812836 | Muhammad of Ghur | (1173-1206) Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control. | 46 | |
| 11454812837 | Ghurids | a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent (presumably Tajik, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain),[6] from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan. The dynasty converted to Sunni Islam from Buddhism,[5] after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid emperor Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. Abu Ali ibn Muhammad (reigned 1011-1035) was the first Muslim king of the Ghurid dynasty to construct mosques and Islamic schools in Ghor. | 47 | |
| 11454812838 | Delhi/Delhi Sultanate | Capital of the Mugal empire in Northern India (1206-1526 CE) The successors of Mahmud of Ghazni mounted more campaigns, but directed their goals to creating this empire. Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders. refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. Several Turkic and Pashtun dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451-1526). Effectively, the Sultanate was replaced by the Moghul Empire in 1526 although there was a brief revival under the Suri Sultans. | 48 | |
| 11454812839 | Malacca (Melaka) | fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands. Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. Malacca became wealthy by building a navy and imposing fees on ships that passed through the Strait of Melaka, a narrow inlet that many ship captains used to travel between ports in India and ports in China. Melaka's prosperity was based on trade rather than agriculture or mining or manufacturing. | 49 | |
| 11454812840 | Al-Andalus/Muslim Iberia | Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأنْدَلُس, trans. al-ʼAndalus; Spanish: al-Ándalus; Portuguese: al-Ândalus; Catalan: al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. Arabic name given to a nation in the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims significance: Demonstrated the expansive realm of Islam referred to the territory occupied by the Muslim empire in Southern Spain, which refer to the cities of Almeria, Malaga, Cadiz, Huelva, Seville, Cordoba, Jaen and Granada. This civilization spanned the 8th to the 15th century. In 711, Arabs crossed the Straight of Gibraltar (derived from 'Gabal Al-Tariq': 'Mountain of Tariq') and established control over much of the Iberian Peninsula. Of the Arab conquest, Muslims called the area of the Iberian Peninsula they occupied, "Al-Andalus." This land called Al-Andalus, hence often called "Andalusia" | 50 | |
| 11454812841 | Islamic agricultural revolution | Agricultural revolution during the Islamic Golden Age, in Spain was a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands, a period known as the Islamic Golden Age Some historians have called the diffusion of new crops and agricultural methods to the West through Muslim Spain an agricultural revolution because they had a major impact not only on agricultural production but also on incomes, population levels, urban growth, distribution of labor, industrial output, clothing, cooking, and diet. | 51 | |
| 11454812842 | bhaktic cults/bhakti movement | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddesses who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshiped gods were Shiva and Vishnu Spurred by the spread of Islam (founded by the prophet Muhammed) to the Southeast, bhaktic cults were a more active form of devotion to the gods and goddesses. ... The gurus and bhaktic mystics stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds to individual gods and goddesses, the objects of intense devotion. | 52 | |
| 11454812843 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall oped up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion. |  | 53 |
AP World History Flashcards
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| 6812584786 | to 600 B.C.E | Technological and environmental transformations (SPREADING OUT AND SETTLING DOWN) | 0 | |
| 6812606138 | 600 B.C.E TO 600 C.E | Organization and Re-organization of human societies (FORMALIZATION, PERMANENCE, AND CYCLES) | 1 | |
| 6812640123 | 600 C.E TO 1450 | Regional anf transregional interactions (SCHISM AND SYNTHESIS) | 2 | |
| 6812660971 | 1450-1750 | global interactions (EXPLORE, EXCHANGE, EXPLOIT, EXPLODE) | 3 | |
| 6812694947 | 1750 TO 1900 | Industrialization and globalization (REVOLUTION, ROMANTICISM, URBANIZATION, WESTERNIZATION, IMPERIALISM, INDUSTRIALIZATION, NATIONALISM) | 4 | |
| 6812714108 | 1900S TO PRESENT | Accelerating and global change realignmnet (conflict and change) | 5 | |
| 6812674094 | PERIODIAZATION | (turning points) | 6 | |
| 6812689535 | continuity over time | (change over time) | 7 |
Amsco Chapter 7 Ap World History Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10728404219 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 0 | |
| 10728404220 | theocracy | A government ruled by or subject to religious authority. | 1 | |
| 10728404221 | patriarch | the male head of a family or tribe | 2 | |
| 10728404222 | monasteries | Religious community where Christians called monks gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to serving God. | 3 | |
| 10728404223 | Cyril | relating to the Slavic alphabet derived from the Greek and traditionally attributed to St. Cyril; in modified form still used in modern Slavic languages | 4 | |
| 10728404224 | schism | (n.) a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions | 5 | |
| 10728404225 | Eastern Orthodox Church | Christian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia | 6 | |
| 10728404226 | theme system | System of administration and defense perfected by Byzantine king Leo III that organized the empire into provinces, each under the command of a military governor | 7 | |
| 10728404227 | Cyrillic alphabet | an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages | 8 | |
| 10728404228 | illuminated manuscripts | a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals | 9 | |
| 10728404229 | Bulgars | Asiatic people who migrated Balkans and conquered large parts of Eastern empire along the Danube setting up a Bulgarian Kingdom | 10 | |
| 10728404230 | University of Constantinople | - established in AD 85 | 11 | |
| 10728404231 | Hippodrome | Built by Justinian; A huge stadium; Held athletic events and games, especially chariot races. Seated 60,000 people located in Constantinople. Site of Nika Revolt. | 12 | |
| 10728404232 | Oleg | First Viking to settle in Kiev and the founder of the Russian state Kievan Rus | 13 | |
| 10728404233 | Dnieper River | river between the Black and Baltic Seas that was part of a Byzantine trade route | 14 | |
| 10728404234 | Kievan Rus | A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine | 15 | |
| 10728404235 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 16 | |
| 10728404236 | Prince Vladimir | the prince of Kiev who made the entire city convert to Christianity in 988 AD | 17 | |
| 10728404237 | Yaroslav the Wise | He ruled Kiev (1019-1054), forged trading alliances with western Europe, and created a legal code | 18 | |
| 10728404238 | Russkaya Pravda | It was the "Russian Truth (justice or law)". It was their own law code. It showed signs of an advanced society, more so than Europe. There were crimes against property as well as interest rates implemented which was very sophisticated. It, like everything, was based off of Byzantium law. But was much more mild. | 19 | |
| 10728404239 | Byzantium | the civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. | 20 | |
| 10728404240 | Corpus Juris Civilis | New code of the Roman Law decided by Justinian I in 529 CE that made Orthodox Christianity the law of the land. It means the "body of civil law". | 21 | |
| 10728404241 | Heraclius | Emperor who defeated the Persians and the Slavs and created the position of "theme" | 22 | |
| 10728404242 | Basil ii | Macedonian emperor who campaigned against the Bulgars and annexed Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, and Syria, expanding the empire to the Euphrates | 23 | |
| 10728404243 | Battle of Kleidion | Bulgars vs. Byzantium. Byzantium wins. | 24 | |
| 10728404244 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century until its downfall to the Ottomans in 1453. Famous for being a center of Orthodox Christianity and Greek-based culture. | 25 | |
| 10728404245 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 26 | |
| 10728404246 | Battle of Manzikert | Battle between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks; Byzantines destroyed and way paved for the Seljuk Turk invasion into present day Turkey | 27 | |
| 10728404247 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 28 | |
| 10728404248 | Fourth Crusade | Crusade called for by Pope Innocent III in 1204 in which crusaders went rogue and sacked Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire was eventually restored in 1261 | 29 | |
| 10728404249 | Normans | A member of a Viking people who raided and then settled in the French province later known as Normandy, and who invaded England in 1066 | 30 | |
| 10728404250 | Slavs | The ancestors of the Czechs, Slovaks, Croatians, Serbians, Bulgarians, Poles, and Russians | 31 | |
| 10728404251 | Vikings | Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia | 32 | |
| 10728404252 | Rus | This kingdom expanded its territory thousands of miles Eastward during the 19th century and also sought to take advantage of a weakened Ottoman Empire. | 33 |
Flashcards
AP World History Period 3 MKD Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8892096519 | 622 | Founding of Islam | 0 | |
| 8892099401 | c. 730 | Printing invented in China | 1 | |
| 8892102078 | 732 | Battle of Tours (ends Muslim expansion into France) | 2 | |
| 8892105825 | c. 900 | Decline of classical Maya | 3 | |
| 8892111161 | 1054 | Great Schism in Christian Church (Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox) | 4 | |
| 8892122231 | 1066 | Norman conquest of England | 5 | |
| 8892127011 | 1071 | Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks take over Byzantine Empire) | 6 | |
| 8892134240 | 1095 | 1st Crusade | 7 | |
| 8892136800 | 1206 | Genghis Khan begins Mongol conquests | 8 | |
| 8892140257 | 1258 | Mongols sack Baghdad, end of Abbasid Caliphate | 9 | |
| 8892145009 | 1271-1295 | Marco Polo's travels | 10 | |
| 8892148394 | 1279-1368 | Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty in China | 11 | |
| 8892152809 | 1324 | Mansa Musa's pilgrimage/hajj | 12 | |
| 8892156283 | 1325-1349 | Travels of Ibn Battuta | 13 | |
| 8892162770 | 1347-1348 | Bubonic Plague in Europe | 14 | |
| 8892166249 | 1368-1644 | Ming Dynasty | 15 | |
| 8892166251 | 1405-1433 | Zheng He's 7 voyages | 16 | |
| 8892170169 | 1438 | Rise of Inca Empire | 17 |
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