| 11408520095 | What are some of the economic effects of trade? | - commerce altered consumption and daily life
- encouraged working people to produce a specific product in distant markets instead of only in their communities | | 0 |
| 11408520096 | What are some of the social effects of trade? | - merchants were disliked because of their wealth without producing any goods themselves
- some were able to move up in society through trade
- elite groups were able to gain fancy goods through long distance trade (silk, jade, feathers) | | 1 |
| 11408520097 | What are some of the political effects of trade? | - taxing and controlling trade motivated the creation of states
- some had trade in private hands, while some had trade controlled by the state | | 2 |
| 11408520098 | What are some of the things transported through trade? | - religion
- technology
- disease
- plants and animals | | 3 |
| 11408520099 | What was the Silk Road? | - the world's most extensive networks of exchange
- land based trade routes that linked pastoral and agricultural people | | 4 |
| 11408520100 | What is the environment like of outer Eurasia? | - relatively warm, well watered areas
- great agriculture
- consisted of China, India, the middle east, and the Mediterranean | | 5 |
| 11408520101 | What is the environment of inner Eurasia like? | - harsher and drier climate
- not great agriculture
- consisted of Russia and Central Asia | | 6 |
| 11408520102 | What were the steppes? | - products of the forest and semi-arid northern grasslands
- such as hides, furs, livestock, wools, and amber | | 7 |
| 11408520103 | When did trade most florish? | - when large and powerful states provided security for merchants | | 8 |
| 11408520104 | What advanced transportation? | - yokes, stirrups, and saddles | | 9 |
| 11408520105 | How were women linked with silk? | - helped with both supply and demand
- Chinese women did all silk protection | | 10 |
| 11408520106 | Where did the knowledge of silk spread to? | - Korea, Japan, India, and Persia | | 11 |
| 11408520107 | How did Buddhism spread across the Silk Road? | - appealed to merchants in Indiana
- brought this to the trade routes
- took hold in the oasis cities of Central Asia
- later introduced to China | | 12 |
| 11408520108 | Who were the Sogdians? | - Central Asian people who's merchants established an exchange with China
- translating Sanskrit Buddhist text to Chinese | | 13 |
| 11408520109 | How did Buddhism change as it spread across the Silk Road? | - original = shunned the material world; Silk Road = involved in secular affairs
- begging bowls of the monks became a symbol rather than a daily life | | 14 |
| 11408520110 | Which form of Buddhism most flourished on the Silk Road? | - Mahayana (Buddha is a god, bodhisattvas)
- gods from other religions along the silk road were incorporated into Buddhism | | 15 |
| 11408520111 | What were some diseases that came from the Silk Road? | - smallpox, measles, bubonic plague | | 16 |
| 11408520112 | What happened in the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople? | - lost thousands of people per day for 40 days in 534CE | | 17 |
| 11408520113 | What was the Black Death? | - huge disease that spread from China to Europe
- half of Europe's population perished | | 18 |
| 11408520114 | What were the advantages of disease for Europeans? | - when interacting with the Western Hemisphere, thy had some immunity because of exposure | | 19 |
| 11408520115 | What was the world's largest sea-based trade system before 1500? | - The Indian Ocean, stretching from China to Africa | | 20 |
| 11408520116 | Why were transportation costs lower on the Sea Roads than the Silk rRads? | - ships could accommodate larger and heavier cargoes than camels | | 21 |
| 11408520117 | What made Indian Ocean commerce possible? | - monsoon (alternating wind currents that blew different directions during different seasons) | | 22 |
| 11408520118 | What technology innovations facilitated Indian Ocean trade? | - sail improvements, new ships called junks (stability), new location calculations, and invention of the compass | | 23 |
| 11408520119 | Who was Strabo? | - a Greek geographer who reported that ships were sent from the Roman empire to India, then to Egypt then to other places | | 24 |
| 11408520120 | What was one transformation in Indian Ocean commerce? | - rise of Islam (7th century CE)
- spread across Afro-Eurasian world
- Islam was friendly to commercial and trading life | | 25 |
| 11408520121 | What was the case of Srivijaya? | - illustrates the connections between commerce and state building
- a Malay kingdom that dominated the coast of Sumatra's Indian Ocean trade
- had a plentiful supply of gold and spices | | 26 |
| 11408520122 | How did Indian culture spread through commercial connections of South East Asia? | - alphabets where used to write in South East Asian languages
- Indian art forms provided models for South East Asian sculpture | | 27 |
| 11408647890 | How did Indian politics spread through South East Asia? | - leaders were god-kings of reincarnation of the Buddha/Hindu deity
- idea of karma
- major centers of Buddhist teachings | | 28 |
| 11408647891 | What were some of the places that Indian culture type hold in South East Asia? | - Srivijaya, Sailendra | | 29 |
| 11408647892 | What was Borobudur? | - from Sailendra
- an enormous mountain shaped structure with 10 levels, a 3 mile walk way, and elaborate carving illustrations
- largest buddhist monument | | 30 |
| 11408647893 | What was Angkor Wat? | - large religious structure built for Hindu gods
- stunning architecture | | 31 |
| 11408810249 | What was Swahili? | - an East African civilization that took shape as a set of commercial city-states stretching along the coast | | 32 |
| 11409221476 | What were the early ancestors of Swahili like? | - lived in small farming and fishing communities
- spoke Bantu languages
- traded on the coast | | 33 |
| 11409249569 | What were some goods that found a ready market in Arabia, Persia, and India that were from East Africa's coast? | - gold, ivory, quartz, leopard skins, and some slaves
- iron and timber
- allowed for a new civilization in the making | | 34 |
| 11409324939 | How did Swahili flourish? | - urban, centered in large cities
- each Swahili city was politically independent with its own king
- states were competitive, but traded | | 35 |
| 11409346651 | What was Swahili's religion like? | - became Islamic after introduced by Arab traders | | 36 |
| 11417228009 | Who was Ibn Battuta? | - a widely traveled Arab scholar, merchant, and public official
- visited the Swahili coast and found Muslim socities that welcomed him | | 37 |
| 11417234493 | What was Great Zimbabwe? | - a powerful state which was connected to the growing trade in gold
- constructed huge stone structures without mortar | | 38 |
| 11417240255 | What were some of the goods North Africa generated? | - cloth, glassware, weapons, books, etc. | | 39 |
| 11417243003 | What did the Sahara desert hold? | - copper, salt, and dates | | 40 |
| 11417246474 | What were the two ecological zones of sub-Saharan Africa? | - the savanna grasslands, south of the Sahara; produced grain crops
- the forest areas, even farther south; produced root and tree crops
- incentive for trading | | 41 |
| 11417255573 | Who were the Sudan? | - agricultural people who had the earliest long-distance trade around 1000 BCE
- used boats and donkeys | | 42 |
| 11417266252 | What was Jenne-jeno? | - an independent urban cluster which was located on the Niger River | | 43 |
| 11417272122 | Where was gold in West Africa found? | - border areas of the grasslands and forests
- transported by donkey and camel | | 44 |
| 11424029086 | What did the people of central Sudan do? | - constructed a series of states and empires along the coast
- included Ghana, and Songhay | | 45 |
| 11424063242 | What was slavery like in West Africa? | - male slaves were put to work as state officials, craftsmen, miners, and agricultural laborers
- came from non-Islamic societies | | 46 |
| 11424149423 | What are some things that didn't expand out of America until much later? | - llamas and potatoes from the Andes
- writing system from the Mayans | | 47 |
| 11424195858 | What geographical differences added more obstacles to America's interactions? | - narrow bottleneck of Panama held back contact between North and South America
- agriculture was slowed by climate zones | | 48 |
| 11424252839 | What were the most active and dense networks of communication in the Americas? | - in the regions that housed Mesoamerica and the Andes
- the Mayan cities and the Mexican city, Teotihuacan
- through both land and sea trade | | 49 |
| 11424304044 | What were used to ensure the upholding of the positions and privileges of royal families? | - cotton clothing, precious jewels, an fancy bird feathers | | 50 |
| 11424314238 | What were Pochteca? | - professional merchants that undertook large-scale trading expeditions withi and outside the Aztec Empire
- most were private traders | | 51 |
| 11425701875 | How was the Andean Inca Empire's trade system different from the Aztec's? | - was a state run operation
- no group like pochteca | | 52 |
| 11425724241 | How did the Andean Inca Empire keep their goods? | - great storehouses
- recorded on quipus (knotted cords used to record numerical data)
- transported as needed | | 53 |
| 11425750795 | What did the collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 CE lead to? | - signaled the rise of powerful aristocratic families
- invasion of northern nomads who acted Chinese
- Confucianism became less popular, while Daoism and Buddhism became more
- Chinese migration south | | 54 |
| 11425796592 | What happened when all of these Chinese people migrated south? | - set in motion a vast environmental transformation
- foresets were destroyed and elephants retreated | | 55 |
| 11425812793 | Who was Liu Zongyaun? | - a Chinese official and writer that wrote about the migrating people | | 56 |
| 11425849716 | What did the Sui's empereors do? | - solidified China's unity by expanding the country's canal system | | 57 |
| 11425937966 | Why was the Sui overthrown in 618 CE? | - military campaign to conquer Korea failed and they lost their resources | | 58 |
| 11425949500 | Which dynasties followed the collapse of the Han? | - Tang and Song
- together established patterns of Chinese life that lasted on | | 59 |
| 11425962383 | What was the era of the Tang and Song dynasties called? | - the Golden Age of arts and literature
- Neo-Confucianism came about during this time | | 60 |
| 11425975771 | What was the Censorate? | - an agency that excercised surveillance over the rest of the government
- prevented cheating on civil service exams | | 61 |
| 11425992175 | How did China's population change during the Tang dynasty? | - from 55 million to 120 million
- because of the adoption of a fast-riipening strain of rice from Vietnam | | 62 |
| 11426008181 | What supplied these densely populated cities with food? | - a huge network of internal waterways | | 63 |
| 11426017618 | How did industrial production increase? | - large-scale enterprises employed hundreds of workers
- iron industry's output increased
- energy for homes and cooking was fueled by coal | | 64 |
| 11426034691 | What did the use of coal in China cause? | - air pollution | | 65 |
| 11426041776 | What types of technology flourished? | - printing books
- navigation and shipbuilding
- gunpowder | | 66 |
| 11426049760 | Why did China have the world's leading economy? | - cheap transportation
- taxes were paid in cash
- paper money and financial instruments | | 67 |
| 11426066195 | How did the Golden Age of the Song affect women? | - reviving Confucianism and economic growth caused patriarchy to be stricter
- restored Han idea of women and submission
- when men took over textiles, women were able to do more | | 68 |
| 11426079344 | Who was Sima Guang? | - Song dynasty historian and scholar who wrote about men vs. women | | 69 |
| 11426089295 | What was foot binding? | - something Chinese women did to show female beauty and delicacy
- tightly wrapping and damaging feet | | 70 |
| 11426126955 | Why were nomads (like from the steppes) drawn to China? | - needed grain and other agriculural products
- nomadic leaders wanted their luxury goods | | 71 |
| 11426141413 | Why did the Chinese need the nomads? | - lands were the sources of horses (for military), skins, furs, hides, and amber | | 72 |
| 11426163782 | What was the tribute system? | - a practical system for managing China's relationship with barbarians and nomads
- a set of practices that required outside authorities to acknowledge Chinese superiority
- Korea, Vietnam, and Japan participated | | 73 |
| 11426179191 | What was the kowtow? | - a series of ritual bowings required in the tribute system | | 74 |
| 11426200501 | What happened when China was confronting large and powerful nomadic empires? | - ex: Xiongnu during the Han
- negotiated a deal to recognize eachother as equal | | 75 |
| 11426217267 | What happened when nomadic peoples actually ruled parts of China? | - some adopted Chinese ways
- created a Chinese side and a nomad side of China | | 76 |
| 11426246403 | What was the Silla kingdom? | - a Korean state in the 7th century CE
- allied with the Tang to bring political unity to Korea | | 77 |
| 11426265273 | What did tribute missions to China provide for Korea? | - a capital, Kumsong, modeled after Chang'an
- enabled trade of luxury goods
- Korea began to have more Chinese based culture | | 78 |
| 11426280756 | How did Korea stay seperated from China? | - culture had little impact (except Buddhism)
- no exam system
- developed own alphabet called hangul | | 79 |
| 11426302190 | How were Korea's and Vietnam's interactions with China similar? | - both borrowed heavily from Chins
- both achieved political independence while participatong in China's tribute system | | 80 |
| 11426320383 | How did Vietnam stay seperated from China? | - had their own language
had a greater role for women in their society | | 81 |
| 11426334224 | What was chu nom (southern script)? | - a variation of Chinese writing that was Vietnamese | | 82 |
| 11426348594 | How was China's introduction into Japan different from its introduction into Korea and Vietnam? | - Japan was physically sepearted from China by ocean
- volunatry interaction rather than under conditions of military threat | | 83 |
| 11426362106 | Who was Shotoku Taishi? | - the initial leader of the effort to transfrom Japan into a centralized state
- a prominant aristocrat whp launched a series of large-scale missions to China | | 84 |
| 11426382247 | What was the Seventeen Article Constitution? | - a script that Shotoku issued
- proclaimed the Japasnese ruler as a Chinese style emperor and encourage Buddhism and Daoism | | 85 |
| 11426400786 | What was bushido? | - a Japanese value of death over surrender | | 86 |
| 11426404612 | What was the Tale of Genji? | - a Japanese novel written by the woman author, Murasaki Shikibu
- provides an intimate picture of the romances of court life
- example of literature | | 87 |
| 11426430505 | Who was Izumi Shikibu? | - a Japanese poet during the Heian period | | 88 |
| 11426441240 | What were some examples of technological innovatipond from China to Eurasia? | - salt production methods
- paper making
- printing
- gunpowder | | 89 |
| 11426454089 | What were some mass-produced Chinese products made for export? | - silk, porclein, lacquerware, spices | | 90 |
| 11426464610 | What were some things China borrowed from elsewhere? | - cultivation and processing of cotton and sugar from India
- fast-ripening strains of rice from Vietnam
- windmills from Persia
- printing from Buddhism/India | | 91 |
| 11426485211 | How was Buddhism changed in China? | - terms were used differently
- more patriarchy
- developed the idea of Pure Land Buddhism (repeating a name to ensure rebirth) | | 92 |
