AP World History Strayer Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
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| 10624529913 | Norte Chico/Caral | *Definition:* Civilization in North Central Peru that was the largest of 25 urban centers. *Significance:* Cities were smaller than Mesopotamia. Less evidence of economic specialization based on fishing. Shows why they weren't as advanced as Mesopotamia and Egypt. Qualities of South America. |  | 0 |
| 10624529914 | Indus Valley Civilization | *Definition:* Civilization that flourished in the Indus River Valley. Had elaborately planned cities. *Significance:* It embraced a far larger area than Egypt and Mesopotamia with elaborately planned out cities. Irrigated agriculture provided an economic base and a written language. |  | 1 |
| 10624529915 | Olmec Civilization | *Definition:* Civilization that took shape in South Mexico. *Significance:* Based on agriculture and known as the mother of civilization of mesoamerica. Their cultural patterns spread later to Maya and teotihuacan civilizations. |  | 2 |
| 10624529916 | Uruk | *Definition:* Ancient Mesopotamia's largest city. *Significance:* Largest city in Mesopotamia. Population around 50,000. City's center had a ziggurat. |  | 3 |
| 10624529917 | Mohenjo Daro/Harappa | *Definition:* City that flourished on the banks of the Indus River with population of about 40,000. *Significance:* Had housed built of 2-3 stories high. Innovative indoor plumbing. They had a complex sewer system under the city. |  | 4 |
| 10624529918 | Epic of Gilgamesh | *Definition:* Epic poem that described Mesopotamia's lack of belief in an afterlife and their pessimistic view of the gods. *Significance:* Provided us with a look into how people in Mesopotamia viewed humankind and their lived and gods. |  | 5 |
| 10624529919 | Code of Hammurabi | *Definition*: 282 laws enforced under Hammurabi's rule in Babylon. *Significance:* One of the first example of written law in ancient civilizations. It was "equal" but punishments were based on social class. |  | 6 |
| 10624529920 | Patriarchy | *Definition:* Social organization in which a male is the head. *Significance:* Developed the idea that men were superior to women through history. Allowed men to be more likely leaders. Women had to start with lower/lesser jobs and status. |  | 7 |
| 10624529921 | Rise of the State | *Definition:* Organized around cities or larger territories headed by Kings, advised by officials/priests. *Significance:* The state replaced the kinship as the basic organization of society and gave far more authority to the leaders. Allowed different types of ruling and stricter rule/laws. | 8 | |
| 10624529922 | Egypt "the gift of the Nile" | *Definition:* In the spring, water ran off the Mountains causing the Nile to flood. *Significance:* The Nile flooded predictably and annually allowing Egyptians to flourish and have a successful harvest from the soil. |  | 9 |
| 10624529923 | Paneb | *Definition:* Egyptian criminal who eventually disappeared after someone reported his crimes (Uncle). *Significance:* Shows that Egyptians did have corruption and criminals that did many things without being "caught" because of social status. |  | 10 |
| 10624529924 | Nubia | *Definition:* South of Egypt, controlled by Egyptians. *Significance:* The 2 civilizations often traded. Helped spread each others culture around that area. |  | 11 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Psych Famous Psychologists Flashcards
Famous psychologists (and their most known accomplishments) that you should know for the AP Psychology Exam.
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| 6558535786 | Mary Ainsworth | Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment |  | 0 |
| 6558535787 | Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. |  | 1 |
| 6558535788 | Albert Bandura | Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective |  | 2 |
| 6558535789 | Alfred Binet | Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children |  | 3 |
| 6558535790 | Thomas Bouchard | Studied identical twins separated at birth |  | 4 |
| 6558535791 | Noam Chomsky | Created concept of "universal grammar" |  | 5 |
| 6558535792 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory |  | 6 |
| 6558535793 | Erik Erikson | Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development |  | 7 |
| 6558535794 | Sigmund Freud | Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry" |  | 8 |
| 6558535795 | John Garcia | studied taste aversion in rats; led to knowledge that sickness and taste preferences can be conditioned |  | 9 |
| 6558535796 | Carol Gilligan | Presented feminist critique of Kolhberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships |  | 10 |
| 6558535797 | Harry Harlow | Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers |  | 11 |
| 6558535798 | William James | created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher |  | 12 |
| 6558535799 | Jerome Kagan | Conducted longitudinal studies on temperament (infancy to adolescence) |  | 13 |
| 6558535800 | Ancel Keys | Conducted semi-starvation experiments to measure psych effects of hunger |  | 14 |
| 6558535801 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment |  | 15 |
| 6558535802 | Elizabeth Loftus | Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony |  | 16 |
| 6558535803 | Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |  | 17 |
| 6558535804 | Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience |  | 18 |
| 6558535805 | Ivan Pavlov | Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs |  | 19 |
| 6558535806 | Jean Piaget | Known for his theory of cognitive development in children |  | 20 |
| 6558535807 | Carl Rogers | Developed "client-centered" therapy |  | 21 |
| 6558535808 | Stanley Schachter | Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect |  | 22 |
| 6558535809 | B.F. Skinner | Described process of operant conditioning |  | 23 |
| 6558535810 | Edward Thorndike | Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes" |  | 24 |
| 6558535811 | John Watson | Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning |  | 25 |
| 6558535812 | Benjamin Lee Whorf | Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism" |  | 26 |
| 6558535813 | William Wundt | Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory |  | 27 |
| 6558535814 | Philip Zimbardo | Conducted Stanford Prison experiment |  | 28 |
| 6558535815 | Hans Selye | (Accidentally) described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |  | 29 |
| 6558535816 | Karen Horney | Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory |  | 30 |
| 6558535817 | Martin Seligman | Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness" |  | 31 |
| 6558535818 | Fritz Perls | Creator of Gestalt Therapy |  | 32 |
| 6558535819 | Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order |  | 33 |
| 6558535820 | Albert Ellis | Developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT) |  | 34 |
| 6558535821 | Aaron Beck | Developed cognitive-behavior therapy |  | 35 |
| 6558535822 | Gordon Allport | Founder of Trait Theory |  | 36 |
| 6558535823 | Phineas Gage | his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...) |  | 37 |
| 6558535824 | Walter Mischel | offered famous critique of trait theory and its claims |  | 38 |
| 6558535825 | David McClelland | studied achievement motivation; found those with high levels are driven to master challenging tasks |  | 39 |
| 6558535826 | Mary Whiton Calkins | first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her) |  | 40 |
| 6558535827 | Charles Darwin | his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective |  | 41 |
| 6558535828 | Dorothea Dix | American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct & fund asylums for the mentally ill |  | 42 |
| 6558535829 | G. Stanley Hall | first american to work for Wundt; • Founded the American Psychological Association (now largest organization of psychologists in the USA) and became first president |  | 43 |
| 6558535830 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd female president of the APA (1921) |  | 44 |
| 6558535831 | Paul Broca | the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it |  | 45 |
| 6558535832 | Carl Wernicke | an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it |  | 46 |
| 6558535833 | Michael Gazzaniga | Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients |  | 47 |
| 6558535834 | Roger Sperry | like Gazzaniga, studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions |  | 48 |
| 6558535835 | Gustav Fechner | early German psychologist credited with founding psychophysics |  | 49 |
| 6558535836 | David Hubel & Torsten Weisel | two Nobel prize winning neuroscientists who demonstrated the importance of "feature detector" neurons in visual perception |  | 50 |
| 6558535837 | Ernst Weber | best known for "Weber's Law", the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude |  | 51 |
| 6558535838 | Ernest Hilgard | famous for his hypnosis research & the theory that a "hidden observer" theory |  | 52 |
| 6558535839 | Robert Rescorla | researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element) |  | 53 |
| 6558535840 | Edward Tolman | researched rats' use of "cognitive maps" |  | 54 |
| 6558535841 | Wolfgang Kohler | considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology |  | 55 |
| 6558535842 | George A. Miller | made famous the phrase: "the magical number 7, plus or minus 2" when describing human memory |  | 56 |
| 6558535843 | Alfred Kinsey | his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings) |  | 57 |
| 6558535844 | Diana Baumrind | her theory of parenting styles had three main types (permissive, authoratative, & authoritarian) |  | 58 |
| 6558535845 | Lev Vygotsky | founder of "Social Development Theory" (note: not "social learning theory" OR "psychosocial" development...); emphasizes importace of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development |  | 59 |
| 6558535846 | Konrad Lorenz | won Nobel prize for research on imprinting |  | 60 |
| 6558535847 | Carl Jung | neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation |  | 61 |
| 6558535848 | Paul Costa & Robert McCrae | creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits |  | 62 |
| 6558535849 | Francis Galton | interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement |  | 63 |
| 6558535850 | Howard Gardner | best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences" |  | 64 |
| 6558535851 | Charles Spearman | creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept |  | 65 |
| 6558535852 | Robert Sternberg | creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types) |  | 66 |
| 6558535853 | Lewis Terman | advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI |  | 67 |
| 6558535854 | David Weschler | Developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests |  | 68 |
| 6558535855 | Mary Cover Jones | "Mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits |  | 69 |
| 6558535856 | Joseph Wolpe | Described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias |  | 70 |
| 6558535857 | Leon Festinger | Described concept of cognitive dissonance |  | 71 |
| 6558535858 | Paul Ekman | Interested in the universality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of microexpressions to detect lying. |  | 72 |
| 6558535859 | William Masters & Virginia Johnson | Used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages) |  | 73 |
| 6558535860 | Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky | Investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability, anchoring, and representativeness heuristics |  | 74 |
| 6558535861 | Raymond Cattell | Intelligence: fluid & crystal intelligence; personality testing: 16 Personality Factors (16PF personality test) |  | 75 |
| 6558535862 | Edward Bradford Titchener | Student of Wundt and founder of structuralism. Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements. |  | 76 |
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 10199379607 | Shang China developed (a) the concept of an aristocracy (b) the earliest known divination techniques (c) the first known bureaucracy (d) bronze metallurgy | B | 0 | |
| 10199379608 | Shang China developed (a) the concept of an aristocracy (b) the earliest known divination techniques (c) the first known bureaucracy (d) bronze metallurgy | D | 1 | |
| 10199379609 | Early Zhou monarchs justified their rule by (a) claiming a direct lineage to Shang rulers (b) enforcing rigid military rule over the people (c) citing Confucian texts on governing (d) claiming that they held the Mandate of Heaven | D | 2 | |
| 10199379610 | Decentralization was a weakness in the Zhou state because (a) ambitious local rulers tended to operate on their own and become a threat to Zhou rule (b) trade was fragmented under this system (c)The Zhou kings couldn't manage their own land | A | 3 | |
| 10199379611 | The idea that human beings are essentially evil and will behave in an orderly fashion only if compelled to by harsh laws and harsh punishments is most closely associated with the ideas of (a) Taoism (b) Legalism (c) Confucianism (d) Animalism | B | 4 | |
| 10199379612 | The idea that there is a hierarchy in life that includes family and society is a part of (a) Confucian teachings (b) Shang culture (c) customs of the Zhou people (d) the teachings of Laozi | A | 5 | |
| 10199379613 | Which of the following is an example of five centuries of Egyptian domination of Nubia? (a) Nubian towns built on the Egyptian model (b) stone temples erected for Egyptian gods in Nubia (c) Nubian archers serving in Egyptian army (d) all of the above | D | 6 | |
| 10199379614 | After the collapse of Nubia, Meroe became the center of power in southern Egypt because (a) its armies defeated Nubia (b) the meroitic leaders allied with Egypt against Nubia (c) it was the conflux of several major trade routes (d) it controlled Nubia's gold fields | C | 7 | |
| 10199379615 | Which of the following explains why the people of the Eurasian steppes share many cultural, political, and social attributes? (a) their urbanization (b) their religious unity (c) their shared language (d) their mobility | D | 8 | |
| 10199379616 | Which of the following is a reason why the ancient Persians had such difficulty conquering the Scythians? (a) Scythians outnumbered Persian forces (b) Scythians didn't have permanent settlements to attack (c) Scythian weapons were more advanced (d) Scythian military units were very well trained and disciplined | B | 9 | |
| 10199379617 | Terms such as Celtic or Indo-European categorize people according to what commonality? (a) Language (b) Race (c) religion (d) government | A | 10 | |
| 10199379618 | The classical Greeks and Romans generally viewed the Celtic people in northern Europe as (a) civilized (b) fearsome (c) organized (d) peaceful | C | 11 |
AP World History: World Regions Flashcards
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| 10780415246 | Mesoamerica | A geographic region in the western hemisphere that was home of the Mayan and Aztec civilizations. Includes Central America and Mexico. | 0 | |
| 10780427091 | West Indies | Caribbean Islands | 1 | |
| 10780435836 | Latin America | Includes Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean Islands. | 2 | |
| 10780457440 | North Africa | Top 1/4 of Africa, excluding Egypt (Middle East). | 3 | |
| 10780468864 | West Africa | Coast of Africa that became center of European slave trade. | 4 | |
| 10780477813 | East Africa | East coast of Africa, including Madagascar. | 5 | |
| 10780500277 | Equatorial Africa (Central Africa) | Rain forest region of Africa, surrounds the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | 6 | |
| 10780517178 | Southern Africa | Lower 1/4 of Africa | 7 | |
| 10780543461 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. | 8 | |
| 10780556630 | Saharan | The big desert, mostly in North Africa. | 9 | |
| 10780561870 | Asia Minor (Anatolia) | The Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey | 10 | |
| 10780570661 | Middle East | Includes Egypt to Turkey, plus Iraq and Iran, but not Afghanistan or Pakistan. | 11 | |
| 10780586961 | Indian Subcontinent | India, and to the south of the Himalayas. | 12 | |
| 10780596559 | South Asia | Mainly India, but also Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, plus Afghanistan. | 13 | |
| 10780621311 | East Asia | Includes China, Korea, and Japan (Taiwan). | 14 | |
| 10780652092 | Southeast Asia | Countries below China, including the Philippines and Indonesia. | 15 | |
| 10780666289 | Central Asia | A region that includes the republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | 16 | |
| 10780687856 | Oceania | A large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago). Includes Hawaii and Easter Island. | 17 | |
| 10780697143 | East Indies | Indonesia | 18 | |
| 10780701917 | Steppe | A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia. From Russia and Ukraine to Mongolia. | 19 | |
| 10780716852 | Fertile Crescent | A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates. From Mesopotamia to Syria, and then down to Israel. | 20 | |
| 10780735645 | Siberia | Cold forest covered area of Russia that makes up 77% of the land area, other side to the Urals. | 21 | |
| 10780742233 | Eurasia | The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia | 22 | |
| 10780747952 | Afroeurasia | A large geographical region spanning Africa, Europe, and Asia | 23 |
Chapter 5-- AP World History Flashcards
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| 10688118988 | Yellow River | China's Sorrow Water source at the high plateau of Tibet | 0 | |
| 10688118989 | Loess | soil that was carried by the river giving it a hint of yellow | 1 | |
| 10688118990 | Yangshao | neolithic society at Banpo village with fine pottery and bone tools | 2 | |
| 10688118991 | Xia | Legendary King Yu and the struggle with cotrolling the river | 3 | |
| 10688118992 | Erltou | possible capital of Xia dynasty | 4 | |
| 10688118993 | Shang | dynasty with bronze metallurgy monopoly moved capital 6 times | 5 | |
| 10688118994 | Zhou | Mandate of heaven Decentralized administration Iron metallurgy Fall was Warring state | 6 | |
| 10688118995 | Oracle Bone | dragon bones to answer questions and tell future | 7 | |
| 10688118996 | Yangzi valley | dependable river, assimilated into Chinese agricultural society pushed to hills and mountains and then migrated south | 8 | |
| 10688118997 | State of Chu | challlenged the Zhou for supremacy adopted Chinese political and social traditions | 9 | |
| 10688118998 | Filial Pity | honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism | 10 |
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