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AP US History #1 Flashcards

10169583198	Iroquois	A league of Iroquois tribes including originally the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca; after 1722 they were joined by the Tuscarora.	0
10169583199	Colombian Exchange	Trade of natural resources,technology, and disease between the NEW WORLD + OLD WORLD	1
10169591069	Reformation	A 16th century religious movement marked ultimately by rejection or modification of some Roman Catholic doctrine and practice and establishment of the Protestant churches.	2
10169591070	Columbus	Christopher Columbus was an Italian-born explorer who set sail in August 1492.	3
10169594463	Tenochtitlan	The capital city of the Aztec Empire from the middle of the 1300s to the early 1500s.	4
10169595374	Mestizos	A person of mixed racial or ethnic ancestry, especially, in Latin America, of mixed	5
10169595375	Small Pox	a pox virus that is transmitted from person to person. Smallpox is the only disease that has been completely wiped out throughout the world.	6
10169597759	Pizarro	Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).	7
10169597760	Maize	technical or chiefly British term for corn.	8
10169599581	Encomienda System	A labor system instituted by the Spanish crown in the American colonies. In this system.	9
10169601586	Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)	10

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AP US History Presidents Flashcards

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6767393487	George Washington (1789-1797)	No political party Judiciary Act of 1789 Bill of Rights 1789 Hamilton's Financial Plan (U.S. Bank) Beginning of political parties Whisky Rebellion of 1794 Two-term tradition Washington's Farewell Address French Revolution Proclamation of Neutrality Jay's Treaty Pinckney's Treaty	0
6767404175	John Adams (1797-1801)	Federalist John Marshall appointed Chief Justice "Midnight appointees" Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Second Great Awakening XYZ Affair	1
6767418141	Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)	Democratic-Republican Revolution of 1800 Marbury v. Madison 12th Amendment Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark expeditions Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton Slave imports outlawed Napoleonic Wars Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Embargo Act 1809 Non-intercourse Act Barbary pirates/Tripolitan War	2
6767425477	James Madison (1809-1817)	Protective Tariff of 1816 Hartford Convention War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent	3
6767429664	James Monroe (1817-1825)	Democratic Republican "Era of Good Feeling" Transportation revolution Marshall Court Rise of factory system Depression of 1819 Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine Adams-Onis Treaty	4
6767449734	John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)	Democratic Republican Corrupt bargain/election of 1824 Erie canal completed Tariff of Abominations The American System	5
6767454205	Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)	Democrat "King Andrew" "King Veto" Spoils system Kitchen cabinet Bank war Indian Removal Act Refusal of Worcester v. Georgia Nullification crisis Second nullification crisis Force Bill Compromise Tariff of 1833 Panic of 1837 Texas Independence Battle of the Alamo	6
6767474499	Martin van Buren (1837-1841)	Democrat Panic of 1837 Trail of Tears Decline of internal improvements	7
6767476607	William H Harrison (1841)	Whig Died in office after 1 month	8
6767482119	John Tyler (1841-1845)	Whig Texas annexation Rejects national bank recharter Kicked out of Whig party	9
6767550907	James K Polk (1845-1849)	Democrat "Fifty-four forty or fight" Oregon Treaty Wilmot Proviso rejected California Gold Rush Seneca Falls Convention Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	10
6767555509	Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)	Whig Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Threatens southern leaders	11
6767559370	Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)	Whig Compromise of 1850	12
6767563099	Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)	Democrat Gadsden Purchase Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Ostend Manifesto Treaty with Japan	13
6767571661	James Buchanan (1857-1861)	Democrat Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid Crittenden Compromise	14
6767575451	Abraham Lincoln (1865-1869)	Republican Fort Sumter Civil War Suspension of Habeas corpus Emancipation proclamation NYC Draft Riots Morrill tariff 13th amendment 10% plan Lincoln's assassination Freedman's Bureau Wade-Davis bill vetoed	15
6767578927	Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)	Democrat Civil Rights Act of 1866 14th amendment Reconstruction act Tenure Office Act Johnson's impeachment Black Codes 15th amendment	16
6767642063	Ulysses S Grant (1869-1877)	Republican "Waving the bloody shirt" Whisky Ring Credit Mobilier scandal Force Act Civil Rights Act	17
6767649576	Rutherford B Hayes (1877-1881)	Republican Compromise of 1877 Railroad Strike of 1877 Gilded Age Munn v. Illinois Beginnings of civil service exam	18
6767654087	James A Garfield (1881)	Republican Assassinated Divided party (Stalwarts, Half-breeds, Mugwumps)	19
6767656882	Chester A Arthur (1881-1885)	Republican Honest administration; fought corruption Pendleton Act Anti-High tariff Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882	20
6767664607	Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)	Democrat Civil service reform Growth of robber barons American Federation of Labor formed Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Haymarket Square Riot of 1886 Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois 1886	21
6767668801	Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)	Republican Farmer's Alliance Sherman Antitrust Act 1890 McKinley Tariff Act 1890 Homestead Strike 1892 Battle of Wounded Knee Pan-American conference	22
6767672055	Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)	Democrat Rise of Populist party Depression of 1893 Pullman Strike of 1894 Coxey's Army 1894 Republic of Hawaii United States v. E.C. Knight Company	23
6767676306	William McKinley (1897-1901)	Republican Election vs. William Jennings Bryan (cross of gold speech) Gold Standard Act Hawaii annexed Spanish-American War Teller Amendment Open door policy Foraker Act Platt Amendment	24
6767678118	Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)	Republican Square Deal Progressive Era begins (1901-1921) Conservation Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act United Mine Workers Strike Department of Commerce and Labor created Elkins Act Roosevelt Corollary-- "speak softly and carry a big stick" Treaty of Portsmouth Lochner v. New York Hepburn Act	25
6767683022	William Howard Taft (1909-1913)	Republican Dollar Diplomacy Payne-Aldrich Tariff 16th Amendment 17th amendment Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy Mann-Elkins Act Trustbuster	26
6767704903	Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)	Democrat New Freedom Underwood tariff Federal Reserve Act Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Trust commission Keating Owen Child Labor Act Espionage and Sedition Acts 1918 Schenck v. United States Red Scare Palmer raids End of Progressivism Mexican Revolution World War I 14 Points League of Nations Treaty of Versailles	27
6767707468	Warren G Harding (1921-1923)	Republican Teapot Dome scandal Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Return to isolation	28
6767714029	Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)	Republican Stock market speculation Immigration Act of 1924 Roaring twenties Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928	29
6767732997	Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)	Republican Stock market crash Advocates voluntarism; opposed direct relief Reconstruction Finance Corporation Hawley-Smoot Tariff 1930 Hoovervilles	30
6767736042	Franklin D Roosevelt (1933-1945)	Democrat Brain trust Fireside chats New Deal--relief, recovery, reform Bank holiday Hundred Days First New Deal Second New Deal Court-packing plan Korematsu v. United States Good Neighbor Policy Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937 Quarantine Speech Cash and Carry policy Lend-Lease act Atlantic Charter Pearl Harbor Yalta conference Manhattan Project	31
6767740190	Harry S Truman (1945-1953)	Democrat Fair Deal To Secure These Rights 1947 National Security Act--Department of Defense Taft-Hartley Labor-Management Act Mccarthyism Potsdam Conference United Nations Cold War Containment policy Churchill's Iron Curtain speech Marshall Plan 1947 Truman Doctrine 1947 NATO Berlin Blockade Korean War (1950-1953)	32
6767743652	Dwight D Eisenhower (1953-1961)	Republican Won several "solid south" states in election Earl Warren Court Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Montgomery Bus Boycott Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1960 NASA USSR launch of Sputnik Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Beginning of Vietnam intervention Vietnam War (1955-1975) Cuban Revolution 1959--Fidel Castro	33
6767746054	John F Kennedy (1961-1963)	Democrat New Frontier Freedom riders March on Washington 1963 Bay of Pigs 1961 Berlin Wall 1961 Alliance for Progress Peace corps Assassination 1963	34
6767753395	Lyndon B Johnson (1963-1969)	Democrat Great Society Civil Rights Act of 1964 Immigration Act of 1965 Cesar Chavez founds United Farm Workers American Indian Movement New Left Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Counterculture Black power movement Martin Luther King's assassination 1968 National Organization for Women (NOW) Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique Equal Rights Amendment fails	35
6767754795	Richard Nixon (1969-1974)	Republican New Federalism Burger Court Voting Rights Act Kent State 1970 Pentagon Papers 1971 War Powers Act 1973 My Lai Massacre Watergate Vietnamization U.S. troops invade Cambodia SALT--Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with USSR Divided party (Stalwarts, Half-breeds, Mugwumps) Arab oil embargo against US through OPEC--Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries	36
6767759909	Gerald Ford (1974-1977)	Republican Pardons Nixon Stagflation	37
6767762717	Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)	Democrat Social Security Act (1977) Panama Canal treaties Recognition of communist China SALT II Iranian hostage crisis Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Camp David Summit	38
6767765904	Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)	Republican Anti-big government Tax cuts Reaganomics Supply-side economics Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) Iran-Contra Affair Calls Soviet Union the evil empire	39
6767771249	George H W Bush (1989-1993)	Republican Abandons Reaganomics Exxon Valdez Accident Americans with Disabilities Act Tiananmen Square Collapse of communism Persian Gulf Crisis End of Cold War and Soviet Union Operation Desert Storm	40
6767773160	Bill Clinton (1993-2001)	Democrat Don't ask don't tell policy failed health care reform Family and Medical Leave Act Whitewater Scandal Impeachment NAFTA World Trade Organization (WTO) Welfare Reform Bill 1996	41
6767788934	George W Bush (2001-2009)	Republican No Child Left Behind Bill	42

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AP US History Semester 1 Flashcards

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8535016902	Fort Sumter	Northern base located in Southern land; Where first shots were fired	0
8535016903	Border States	Slave states loyal to Union; Half of Southern manufacturing located here	1
8535016904	Southern Advantages of War	Defensive war; Excellent soldiers; Talented officers	2
8535016905	Southern Disadvantages of War	Poor transportation system; Few factories; Inflation	3
8535016906	Northern Advantages of War	3/4 of nation's wealth; 3/4 of nation's RR; manpower; stable government; control of seas	4
8535016907	Northern Disadvantages of War	Offensive war; Lack of leaders	5
8535016908	European Aid	Europeans relied more on US wheat and corn than cotton	6
8535016909	Bull Run	Near Northern capital (DC); First major plan; Union retreated in a panic	7
8535016910	New Union Plan	Southern blockade; Liberate slaves; Seize Mississippi River; Fracture the confederacy; Capture Richmond; Engage the enemies main strength	8
8535016911	Antietam Creek	Bloody "Union" victory(more like draw); Victory keeps France and Britain out of war; Enables Lincoln to launch Emancipation Proclamation	9
8535016912	Emancipation Proclamation	Freed slaves in areas of rebellion; Strengthened moral cause in North	10
8535016913	Gettysburg	First battle in North; First eastern side North win	11
8535016914	Vicksburg (seals deal)	Another Union victory after Gettysburg; Reopened the Mississippi River; Killed South's hope for foreign intervention	12
8535016915	Sherman's March	Sherman destroyed everything in path to sea; Shortened war and weakened morale	13
8535016916	Andrew Johnson Presidency	Tennessee War Democrat; Freedmen's Bureau; Reconstruction plans; Black Codes; 13-15 amendments; Tries to veto everything; Almost impeached	14
8535016917	Freedmen's Bureau	Provides resources for freedmen and women; Johnson tried to veto but failed; Taught 200,000 blacks how to read	15
8535016918	13th Amendment	Ends slavery	16
8535016919	14th Amendment	Citizenship to freed slaves	17
8535016920	Civil Rights Bill	All persons born in US are citizens and cannot be deprived of that; Representation of states taken away if fail to follow; Confederates cannot hold federal office	18
8535016921	Johnson's "swing around the circle"	Johnson went from state to state for democratic support; More republicans then sent to Congress	19
8535016922	15th Amendment	Black males can vote	20
8535016923	Reconstruction Act of 1867	Created 5 military districts; Southern states must ratify 14th amendment; Black males can vote	21
8535016924	Impeachment of Johnson	Tenure of Office Act made to set up Johnson; House votes to impeach but falls 1 vote short	22
8535016925	Radical Reconstruction Success	Public school system, reformed tax system, property rights to women, more black political participation	23
8535016926	Radical Reconstruction falls short	North tired of "Southern Problems"; Republican governments set up in South, but 3 only actually happen	24
8535016927	Seward's Polly	Purchase of Alaska from Russia	25
8535016928	Manifest Destiny	The movement that citizens of the United States were destined to move west	26
8535016929	Cotton	Depleted Soil; Half value of all American exports; One crop economy	27
8535016930	Mountain Whites	Racist people that were anti-slavery	28
8535016931	Nat Turner Rebellion	60 whites and over 200 blacks were killed; Turner and 19 others were hung	29
8535016932	Southern Response to Abolitionists	Tighter slave codes; Use Bible to support slavery; House says no debate on slavery; Burned propaganda	30
8535016933	William Harrison Presidency	Whig; Died 4 weeks into term	31
8535016934	John Tyler Presidency	Democrat in Whig Clothing (hated Jackson); Ends Independent Treasury, Vetoes Bank Bill; Approved Moderate Tariff; Maine disputed; Acquires Texas	32
8535016935	Webster-Ashburton Treaty	Disputes land evenly between Unites and British of Maine and Minnesota	33
8535016936	James Polk Presidency	Democrat; Wins on Manifest Destiny Platform; Mexican War	34
8535016937	Polk's 4 Goals	Lower Tariff, Restore Independent Treasury, Settle Oregon Dispute, California	35
8535016938	Mexican War	Polk proposed $25 million for California and eastern land, but Mexico refused; Bitter relations with Mexico; Slavery revisited	36
8535016939	Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo	US payed $18 million to Mexico for California, Texas, and all last east	37
8535016940	Free Soil Party (Van Buren)	Abolitionists and Northern Democrats that supported Wilmot Proviso	38
8535016941	Wilmot Proviso	No slavery in new territory	39
8535016942	Zachary Taylor Presidency	Whig; Compromise of 1850; California Debate (dies during debate)	40
8535016943	Compromise of 1850	California is a free state; Mexican Cession left to popular sovereignty; No slave trade in DC; More strict slave laws; Disputed Texas territory given to New Mexico	41
8535016944	Franklin Pierce Presidency	Democrat; Ostend Manifesto; Gadsden Purchase; Kansas-Nebraska Act	42
8535016945	Ostend Manifesto	To get another slave state; America offers Spain $120 million for Cuba	43
8535016946	Gadsden Purchase	Purchase of bottom part of Arizona and New Mexico for better railroading	44
8535016947	Kansas-Nebraska Act	Stephen Douglas; Sliced Nebraska territory into 2; Slavery decided by popular sovereignty; Shattered Democratic Party; Formed Republican Party; Fugitive Slave Laws ignored in North	45
8535016948	Lecompton Constitution	Kansas citizens would vote for or without slavery, but slavery was protected either way	46
8535016949	Dred Scott Case	Dred Scott taken into non-slave state but then brought back into slavery	47
8535016950	Election of 1824	Jackson gets most electoral votes but not the needed majority; House voted Adams as president over Jackson	48
8535016951	Corrupt Bargain	Clay gives support to Adams for Secretary of State job	49
8535016952	John Quincy Adams Presidency	Gets nothing done because plagued by Corrupt Bargain and fragmented Democratic Republican party	50
8535016953	Election of 1828	Jackson defeats Adams in rematch	51
8535016954	Andrew Jackson Presidency	Spoils System, Tariff of Abomination, Trail of Tears, Ended US Bank, Equality, No property qualifications for voting	52
8535016955	Spoils System	Rewarding political supporters with government jobs	53
8535016956	Tariff of Abomination	Tariff increase supported by south to hurt north	54
8535016957	South Carolina Exposition	Written saying tariff was unconstitutional and states could nullify; South Carolina threatened to leave Union after compromise	55
8535016958	Trail of Tears	The removal of Indians to the west; Jackson went against Supreme Court decision and forced removal	56
8535016959	Bank War	Jackson vetoed recharter for US Bank because he thought it was harmful; Increased power of presidency	57
8535016960	Election of 1836	Introduction of Whig Party; Van Buren defeats Harrison	58
8535016961	Texas	Americans settlers clashed with Mexico on slavery; Texas declared independence	59
8535016962	Election of 1840	Harrison defeats Van Buren	60
8535016963	Nativist Movement	Know-nothing party wanted to restrict immigration	61
8535016964	Factory System	Samuel Slater	62
8535016965	Cotton Gin	Eli Whitney	63
8535016966	Sewing Machine	Howe and Singer	64
8535016967	Telegraph	Samuel Morse	65
8535016968	Reaper	Cyrus McCormick	66
8535016969	Steel Plow	John Deere	67
8535016970	Cult of Domesticity	Glorified women's role in the home	68
8535016971	Steamboat	Robert Fulton	69
8535016972	Canals in New York	Dewitt Clinton	70
8535016973	South Economy	Exports cotton to New England and England	71
8535016974	West Economy	Exports grain and livestock to East and Europe	72
8535016975	East Economy	Produces machines and textiles to South and West	73
8535016976	Second Great Awakening	A religious revival movement that initiated social reforms	74
8535016977	Burned Over District	Region that was so hot religiously and it burned everything; All were converted	75
8535016978	Denounced slavery and alcohol	Charles Finney	76
8535016979	Mormonism; West	Brigham Young	77
8535016980	Education reformer; Supported longer terms and expanded curriculum	Horace Mann	78
8535016981	Wrote first dictionary	Noah Webster	79
8535016982	Mentally Ill	Dorothea Dix	80
8535016983	Prohibition of booze	Neal Dow	81
8535016984	Women's Rights	Stanton and Anthony	82
8535016985	Seneca Falls Convention	Women organizing and discussing rights	83
8535016986	Declaration of Sentiments	Modeled after Declaration of Independence for women's rights	84
8535016987	Oneida Community	Utopian society; Silverware; Free love; Eugenics	85
8535016988	Founder of the Oneida Community	John Humphrey Noyes	86
8535016989	Shakers	Prohibited marriage and sexual relations; Furniture	87
8535016990	One of first American Authors; Rip Van Winkle	Washington Irving	88
8535016991	First American Novelist; Last of the Mohicans	James Fenimore Cooper	89
8535016992	Transcendentalism	All knowledge comes to the mind through our senses; Against the government; Nature	90
8535016993	Lecturer; Critic of Slavery	Ralph Waldo Emerson	91
8535016994	Civil Disobedience; Condemned slavery and didn't play taxes	Henry David Thoreau	92
8535016995	Poet; Leaves of Grass	Walt Whitman	93
8535016996	Tariff	Tax	94
8535016997	Excise Tax	Domestic/Sales Tax	95
8535016998	Bill of Rights	Protects individual rights from federal government	96
8535016999	Hamilton's Economic Policy	New government assumed state and national debt; Tariffs and Excise Tax; Bank of United States	97
8535017000	Bank of United States	1/5 owned by federal government; Strict vs Loose	98
8535017001	Federalists	Pro British; Tariff; Powerful Central Gov; Loose; North; Hamilton, Adams, Jay	99
8535017002	Democratic Republicans	Pro French, Support Free Speech; States Rights; Support the Democracy; Strict; South; Jefferson, Madison, Monroe	100
8535017003	Whiskey Rebellion	Farmers, who relied on selling their distilled grain, rose in defiance of the excise tax. Militia scattered the "rebels". The incident confirmed the power of the national government.	101
8535017004	Washington's Neutrality Proclamation	To stay Neutral with France	102
8535017005	Jay's Treaty	British would evacuate forts and pay damage to US ships. No mention of Impressment (purpose of going, failed)	103
8535017006	Washington's Farewell Address	Washington retiring as president. He was concerned that the parties would end up splitting up the nation. Political parties are divisive and to stay neutral in alliances.	104
8535017007	XYZ Affair	US go to French and "X,Y,Z" demanded $250,000 bribe to speak to Talleyrand.	105
8535017008	Convention of 1800	Peace agreement that ends hostility with French and ends French alliance	106
8535017009	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	Written by Jefferson and Madison in response to Alien and Sedition Acts; Federal regime had exceeded its constitutional powers; Nullification was rightful remedy	107
8535017010	Alien Acts	Deportation of Dangerous Allies	108
8535017011	Sedition Acts	Restriction of free speech and speaking against the president	109
8535017012	Revolution of 1800	Peaceful transfer of power	110
8535017013	Election of 1800	Tie between Jefferson and Burr. House (Federalists) vote on party winner	111
8535017014	Jefferson's Change in Policies	Pardoned Sedition Act violators; Eliminated excise tax	112
8535017015	Louisiana Purchase	Currently controlled by French and aren't being used by them. President buys land $15 million, 3 cents per acre	113
8535017016	Marbury vs Madison	Federalists losing power of Congress and Presidency; Marbury sued Madison; Federalists add more judges to federal court; Established Judicial Review	114
8535017017	Judicial Review	Power of Supreme Court to judge whether act violates Constitution	115
8535017018	Embargo Act	President said we are not trading with anyone; Hurt the northern states	116
8535017019	Non-Intercourse Act	No trade with Britain and France; Spurred New England Industry	117
8535017020	Macon's Bill No. 2	Whoever follows restrictions can trade with US; France agreed	118
8535017021	War Hawks	Someone who wants war	119
8535017022	War of 1812	War with British; British invading	120
8535017023	Hartford Convention	Financial assistance for lost trade; Congress must have 2/3 vote for embargo or to declare war; Contributed to death of federalist party	121
8535017024	Treaty of Ghent	Armistice (to stop fighting) and return all territory	122
8535017025	Battle of New Orleans	Andrew Jackson makes fame	123
8535017026	American System	Strong bank; Protective Tariff; Network of roads and canals	124
8535017027	Panic of 1819	"Banks are evil and are taking money"	125
8535017028	Missouri Compromise	Missouri slaves, Maine free; No slavery above Missouri	126
8535017029	Monroe Doctrine	An attempt to forestall European intervention into Western Hemisphere; No additional colonization; Nonintervention of European powers; Self Defense Doctrine	127
8535017030	McCulloch vs Maryland	Maryland wanted to tax US Bank branch in Maryland; Marshall confirmed existence of bank; Gives power to federalists and taxes away from DR	128
8535017031	Virginia	Unemployment, not able to farm led to founding; Settlers not used to fending for themselves; Plenty of unused food; Tobacco major cash source; House of Burgesses; South	129
8535017032	Maryland	Lord Baltimore wanted financial profits and a refuge for Catholics; Tobacco; South	130
8535017033	New York	Established for quick profit on trade; Many immigrants; Most diverse; Autocratic Dutch colony; No religious tolerance; Fertile; Middle	131
8535017034	Pennsylvania:	William Penn and Quakers founded to make profit and experiment with government; Liberal land policy and encouraged immigrants; Fair with Natives; Representative Assembly; Anti-war/slavery; No tax supported church; Middle	132
8535017035	New England:	Puritans wanted to purify Catholic church, extreme Christians; Rocky soil; Little religious toleration; Family Stability; Crude government and regulations formed by Mayflower Compact	133
8535017036	Colonial Similarities	English customs/language; Protestant (besides Maryland); Some ethnic and religious tolerance (Puritans least); Social mobility; Self government; Self taxation; Education System	134
8535017037	Seven Years War (French and Indian War)	A war fought between England, Prussia vs France, Spain, Austria, Russia. It led to enormous land gains for Great Britain.	135
8535017038	Albany Conference	A conference to keep the Iroquois loyal to Britain and one of the first attempts at colonial unity.	136
8535017039	Treaty of Paris 1763	French left Canada and Ohio River Valley. Colonial esteem bolstered and military experience gained. Spain received Trans-Mississippi Louisiana from French. Losers = Indians. French are kicked out. All due to French/Indian War	137
8535017040	Proclamation of 1763	Stop colonization until Indian issue stopped. Formed by British	138
8535017041	Mercantilism	Money = Power	139
8535017042	Benefits of Mercantilism	Price Supports, Tobacco Monopoly, British Navy Protection	140
8535017043	Disadvantages of Mercantilism	British Middlemen, Stifled Economy, Money Shortages/No Banks	141
8535017044	Sugar Act	Not trading sugar with French. Restrictions on foreign buying	142
8535017045	Quartering Act	Feed and house British soldiers	143
8535017046	Stamp Act	Every action required a stamp (eventually removed)	144
8535017047	Stamp Act Congress	27 delegates from 9 colonies. Non-importation agreement. Plan to BOYCOTT	145
8535017048	Declaratory Acts	Declared they could do whatever they want to US	146
8535017049	Townshend Act	Tax on Paper, Tea, Lead, Glass. Led to Boston Massacre	147
8535017050	Committees of Correspondence	Spread Spirit of Resistance through letters	148
8535017051	Sam Adams	Political Agitator and Organizer of Rebellion	149
8535017052	Boston Tea Party	Protesters threw tea into harbor in rebelliance against Townshend Act	150
8535017053	Intolerable Acts	Closed Boston Port and Restricted Town Meetings	151
8535017054	Quebec Act	French retained government and customs in Canada. Colonists upset because French is extended to Ohio River Valley	152
8535017055	First Continental Congress and the Association	Philadelphia; 12 colonies sent 55 men. Created the Association (complete boycott). No call for independence. Wrote Declaration of Rights	153
8535017056	British Disadvantages of War	Second-rate generals, poor system of transportation, needed to conquer America, distance from home	154
8535017057	British Advantages of War	Wealth and Naval Power, More people	155
8535017058	American Disadvantages of War	Badly Organized, Money Problems, Lack of Military Supplies and Manufactured Goods	156
8535017059	American Advantages of War	Outstanding leadership, Self-Sustaining Economy, Foreign Aid (France), Fighting a defensive war	157
8535017060	Second Continental Congress	Full 13 colonies. To raise money for defense. Hope mercy called. Selected George Washington to head Army. Strong conservative and no sentiment for independence.	158
8535017061	Olive Branch Petition	Professed loyalty to crown and begged for further hostilities. King said no. Led to war officially starting	159
8535017062	Thomas Paine and Common Sense	Called for Independence and Created Democratic Republic	160
8535017063	Declaration of Independence	To cut British tie. Included need for human rights, no misdeeds. Jefferson wrote and words inspired by John Locke.	161
8535017064	Battle of Saratoga	Colonists won and led to French Support	162
8535017065	Treaty of Alliance with France	Colonial War becomes World War. French joins USA in fight.	163
8535017066	Treaty of Paris 1783	British eager for amends, British recognized Independence, Western Boundary Mississippi River	164
8535017067	Articles of Confederation	No executive. Weak congress / can't collect money. Judicial concerns left to states. Each state has one vote. Amendment has to be unanimous. Together but states mainly control themselves.	165
8535017068	Shay's Rebellion	Back country farmers revolting against foreclosures and taxes. Demanded lighter taxes and cheaper money. Led to stronger national government	166
8535017069	Mobocracy	Large groups wanting change	167
8535017070	Constitution	Great Compromise. Bicameral Legislature. Senate. House. 3/5 Slave Compromise (Gives South more representation and power). Slave trade ends	168
8535017071	Starving Time	Settlers were not used to fending for themselves; Plenty of unused food and wasted time looking for gold	169
8535017072	Acts of Toleration	Passed in 1694 local assembly guaranteeing safety and allowance of Christians; Gives religious tolerance to Protestants and Catholics	170
8535017073	House of Burgesses	Miniature Parliament; First Government; Representative Democracy	171
8535017074	Predestination	a belief that the moment of creation if one is going to heaven or hell	172
8535017075	Conversion	a sign that you are/are not saved	173
8535017076	Mayflower Compact	A document that agreed to form a crude government and set of regulations in Massachusetts Bay Colony; It led to Constitutions	174
8535017077	Fundamental Orders	Democratic Constitution	175
8535017078	New England Confederation	The banding of 4 colonies to defend against foes and deal with intercolonial problems; Exclusive Puritan club	176
8535017079	Navigation Laws	Laws that were unpopular used to suppress smuggling; To try to force colonies to trade within empire	177
8535017080	Bacon's Rebellion	Bacon attacked Indians, chased governor from Jamestown, and set town to fire; Indentured Servants given poor land to farm; Led to other slaves	178
8535017081	Middle Passage	Slave passage from Africa to West Indies	179
8535017082	Molasses Act	Says colonies can't trade molasses with West Indies	180
8535017083	Great Awakening	Religious Revival; People started again believing that good works led to salvation; Back to conservative and religion	181
8535017084	Southwest	Complexed Trading; Corn, Beans, Squash; Irrigation; Gatherers; Vegetables; Dependent on dry agriculture, rainfall; Pueblos; Lived close to one another; Stone; Brick, Dried Clay; Canals; Pottery; Dogs; Anasazi, Hohokam	182
8535017085	Mississippi Valley	Very trade based; Maize, bean cultivation for high population; Hunters, Gatherers, Farmers; Didn't need irrigation; Thatch Covered Houses; Mounds, Daub Houses; Near water and streams; Muskogean Language; Large Walls and watch towers; Disappeared; Lots of temples and mounds; Cahokia	183
8535017086	Pacific Coast	Hunted sea mammals; Berries; NOT farmers; Wide variety of food; Dams, Reservoirs; Coastal villages; Long houses- wood, bark; boat builders; tools; baskets; totem poles; higher archery	184
8535017087	Eastern Woodland	Horticulture, Hunter, Gatherer; Corn, Beans, Squash; Lots of resources; long houses; 5 or more tribes combined; gender roles; Iroquois Confederacy	185
8535017088	Plains	Heavily hunted large animals (bison); Not farmers; Extensive crop trade; Nomadic; Tee Pees; Sioux	186
8535017089	Aztec	Trade; Farming; Bartery; Adobe, sun dried clay; Surpluss Food; Human Sacrifices; Big Groups; Sewer Systems; Huge temples; 15 million	187
8535017090	Encomienda System	A system used by the Spanish Government to regulate Native Americans and reward Spanish colonists. It legalized forced slave labor and asked the colonist to convert natives to Christianity.	188
8535017091	Aztec Collapse	Too many enemies; Not as advanced weapons; Smallpox; Supplies cut off	189
8535017092	Black Legend	False concept that Spanish tortured and butchered Native Americans, stole their gold, purposely gave them Smallpox; Believed by De Aza	190
8535017093	Mestizo	Mexican people of mixed descent; Formed unique culture	191
8535017094	Capitalism	For mother country to make a lot of $	192
8535017095	Mercantilism (wealth equals power)	In a system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries, exporting more than it imports and increasing stores of gold and precious metal; Buying more than selling	193
8535017096	Iroquois Confederacy	Force against Europeans in NY	194

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 20 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 20 Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917

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8849516250	William Seward	Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price. (p. 409)	0
8849516251	Monroe Doctrine	This doctrine stated that European powers could not interfere in the Western Hemisphere. In 1895 and 1896, the U.S. applied this doctrine to push Great Britain to arbitrate a boundary dispute between Venezuela and British colony of Guiana. (p. 412)	1
8849516252	French in Mexico	In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S. military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410)	2
8849516253	Alaska Purchase	In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410)	3
8849516254	Pan-American Conference (1889)	In 1889, this conference was called by Secretary of State James G. Blaine. It created an organization of cooperation between the United States and Latin American countries. (p. 412)	4
8849516255	James Blaine	In 1889, as secretary of state he arranged the first Pan-American Conference in Washington D.C. Various nations in the Western Hemisphere met to discuss trade and other issues. (p. 412)	5
8849516256	Venezuela boundary dispute	An issue between Venezuela and the neighbouring territory, the British colony of Guiana. The United States convince Great Britain to arbitrate the dispute. (p. 412)	6
8849516257	Cleveland and Olney	In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412)	7
8849516258	Pearl Harbor		8
8849516259	Hawaii	In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415)	9
8849516260	Queen Liliuokalani	The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests. (p. 414)	10
8849516261	Cleveland blocks annexation	In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414)	11
8849516262	international Darwinism	Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore, expansionist wanted the U.S. to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas. (p. 410)	12
8849516263	business and imperialists competitors	The United States was not alone in pursuing imperialism, which meant acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic life of other countries. Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan tried to influence or possess weaker countries around the world. (p. 410)	13
8849516264	spreading religion and science	Some Protestant Americans believed that the United States had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and our superior science technology. (p. 411)	14
8849516265	Josiah Strong	This reverend believed that Protestant American had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and the benefits of their superior civilization . (p. 411)	15
8849516266	expansionist politicians	Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411)	16
8849516267	steel and steam navy	By 1900, The United States had the third largest navy in the world. (p. 411)	17
8849516268	Alfred Thayer Mahan	He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411)	18
8849516269	nationalist media	Newspapers and magazines published printed stories about ]distant and exotic places. This increased public interest and stimulated demands for a larger U.S. role in world affairs. (p. 411)	19
8849516270	Cuban revolt	In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where many died. (p. 413)	20
8849516271	Valeriano Weyler	A general sent by Spain to stop the Cuban revolt. He forced civilians into armed camps, where tens of thousands died of starvation and disease. (p. 413)	21
8849516272	jingoism	An intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy. (p. 412)	22
8849516273	yellow journalism	Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. (p. 413)	23
8849516274	De Lome Letter	Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413)	24
8849516275	sinking of the Maine	On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine battleship exploded in Havana Harbor. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship even though experts later concluded that the explosion was probably an accident. (p. 413)	25
8849516276	Teller Amendment	A resolution authorizing war, but it promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war. (p. 414)	26
8849516277	a splendid little war	The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt, with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414)	27
8849516278	invade the Philippines	Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines where he defeated Spain. (p. 414)	28
8849516279	George Dewey	A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414)	29
8849516280	Rough Riders	Volunteer regiment of U.S. Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War. (p. 414)	30
8849516281	Theodore Roosevelt	He became that 26th President in 1901. He as an expansionist who increased the size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". He added the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. His motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". He received the Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. (p. 417)	31
8849516282	Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico	This treaty was signed on December 10, 1898 with Spain. It provided for: 1) Cuban independence, 2) Purchase of Puerto Rico and Guam, 3) Purchase of the Philippines. (p. 415)	32
8849516283	Guam and Philippines	On December 10, 1898, the Spanish-American War treaty was signed in Paris. Under the treaty the U.S. acquired Guam and also the Philippines. (p. 415)	33
8849516284	annexation dispute		34
8849516285	Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415)	35
8849516286	Anti-Imperialist League	Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415)	36
8849516287	Insular cases	A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416)	37
8849516288	Platt Amendment	A 1901 amendment to an army appropriations bill that said Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence, permit the U.S. to maintain law and order in Cuba, and allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba. (p 416)	38
8849516289	spheres of influence	The term when countries came to dominate trade and investment within a particular region and shut out competitors. In the 1890s, Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany were all establishing close ties with China that disturbed the United States. (p. 417)	39
8849516290	John Hay	In 1899, as William McKinley's secretary of state, he sent a note to all the major countries involved in trade with China. He asked them to accept the concept of an Open Door, by which all nations would have equal trading privileges in China. The replies that he got were evasive, so he declared that all nations had accepted the Open Door policy. (p. 416)	40
8849516291	Open Door Policy	A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. (p. 416)	41
8849516292	Boxer Rebellion	A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and crushed the rebellion. (p. 417)	42
8849516293	U.S. joined international force	To protect American lives and property, U.S. troops participated in an international force that marched into Peking (Beijing) and quickly crushed the rebellion of the Boxers. (p. 417)	43
8849516294	Second Hay Note	In 1900, the U.S. was fearful that the international force sent to Beijing might try to occupy China. A second note was written to all the major imperialist countries, stating that China's territory must be preserved and that equal and impartial trade with all parts of China must be maintained. (p. 417)	44
8849516295	big-stick policy	Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417)	45
8849516296	TR supports Panama revolt	In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt orchestrated a revolt for Panama's independence from Columbia. The revolt succeeded quickly and with little bloodshed. (p. 418)	46
8849516297	Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)	In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418)	47
8849516298	building the Panama Canal	This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American commerce and military capability. (p. 418)	48
8849516299	George Goethals	United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418)	49
8849516300	William Gorgas	Army physician who helped eradicate yellow fever and malaria from Panama, so work on the Panama Canal could proceed. (p. 418)	50
8849516301	Roosevelt Corollary	Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States would intervene in the Americas, on the behalf of European interests. (p. 418)	51
8849516302	Santo Domingo	The capital of the Dominican Republic. In 1904, European powers were ready to use military power here in order to force debt payments. (p. 418)	52
8849516303	Russo-Japanese War	In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war over imperial possessions in the region. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt arranged a successful treaty conference for the two foes at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. (p. 419)	53
8849516304	Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)	In 1905, the United States mediated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation. (p. 419)	54
8849516305	Nobel Peace Prize	For his work in settling the Russo-Japanese War, President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. (p. 420)	55
8849516306	segregation in San Francisco schools	In the early 20th century San Francisco schools required that Japanese American students attend segregated schools. In 1908, President Roosevelt worked out a "gentleman's agreement" with Japan, Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools and Japan would restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States. (p. 420)	56
8849516307	gentlemen's agreement	In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the U.S. (p. 420)	57
8849516308	Great White Fleet	Sixteen United States battleships, painted white, were sent around the world to display American naval power. (p. 419 )	58
8849516309	Algeciras Conference	In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. (p. 420)	59
8849516310	Hague Conference	In 1907, the Second International Peace Conference at the Hague discussed rules for limiting warfare. (p. 420)	60
8849516311	Root-Takahira Agreement	In 1908, this executive agreement between the United States and Japan pledged mutual respect for each nation's possessions in the Pacific region and support for the Open Door policy in China. (p. 419)	61
8849516312	William Howard Taft	The 27th President of the United States, from 1909 to 1913. He adopted a foreign policy that was mildly expansionist but depended more on investors' dollars than on the military. His policy of promoting U.S. trade by supporting American business abroad was known as dollar diplomacy. (p. 420)	62
8849516313	role of American money	President Taft believed that private U.S. investment in China and Central America would lead to greater stability there. His policy, was thwarted by growing anti-imperliasm both in the U.S. and overseas. (p. 420)	63
8849516314	railroads in China	In 1911, President Taft succeeded in securing American participation in agreement to invest in railroads in China along with Germany and France. (p. 420)	64
8849516315	Manchurian problem	In 1911, the U.S. was excluded from investing in railroads in Manchuria because of a joint agreement between Russia and Japan, which was in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. (p. 420)	65
8849516316	intervention in Nicaragua	In 1912, President Taft sent military troops here when a civil war broke out. (p. 420)	66
8849516317	Henry Cabot Lodge	A Republican senator, he was in favor building U.S. power through global expansion. He introduced the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (p. 411)	67
8849516318	Lodge Corollary	In 1912, the Senate passed this resolution as an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that non-European powers (such as Japan) would be excluded from owning territory in Western Hemisphere. (p. 420)	68
8849516319	Woodrow Wilson	The 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. This Democrats is known for his leadership during World War I, creating the Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification). He won the Nobel Peace Prize. (p. 421)	69
8849516320	anti-imperialism	President Woodrow Wilson differed from his Republican presidential predecessors. He believed that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas. (p. 421)	70
8849516321	William Jennings Bryan	In 1913, he was Woodrow Wilson's secretary of state. He tried to demonstrate that the U.S. respected other nations' rights and would support the spread of democracy. (p. 421)	71
8849516322	Jones Act	In 1916, this act granted the Philippines full territorial status, guaranteed a bill of rights and universal male suffrage to Filipinos, and promised independence for the Philippines as soon as a stable government was established. (p. 422)	72
8849516323	Puerto Rico citizenship	In 1917, an act of Congress granted U.S. citizenship and limited self government for this island. (p. 422)	73
8849516324	Conciliation treaties	Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. Bryan negotiated treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before taking military action. Thirty of these treaties were negotiated. (p. 422)	74
8849516325	military intervention	President Woodrow Wilson used military action to influence Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. (p. 423)	75
8849516326	Mexican civil war	President Wilson's moral approach to foreign affairs was severely tested by a revolution and civil war in Mexico. He refused to recognize the military dictatorship of General Victoriano Huerta, who had seized power in Mexico in 1913 by arranging to assassinate the democratically elected president. (p. 423)	76
8849516327	General Huerta	In 1913, this Mexican revolutionary seized power in Mexico by killing the democratically elected president. (p. 423)	77
8849516328	Tampico incident	In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended. (p. 423)	78
8849516329	ABC powers	The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. (p. 423)	79
8849516330	Pancho Villa	This Mexican leader led raids across the U.S.-Mexican border and murdered several people in Texas and New Mexico. (p. 423)	80
8849516331	expeditionary force	The name given to the group sent to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico. (p. 423)	81
8849516332	John J. Pershing	The U.S. general who chased Pancho Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him. (p. 423)	82

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AP US History Terms (1051 - 1100) Flashcards

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5852931190	1051. Daniel DeLeon, IWW, Wobblies, "Big Bull" Haywood	DeLeon denounced populists because they believed in free enterprise. Haywood was the leader of the Wobblies. The International Workers of the World (Wobblies) were a militant, radical union. They favored socialism and opposed free enterprise. They were disliked by big business and less radical unions.	0
5852931192	1052. Pujo Committee	A committee formed to decide the fate of the Philippine Islands after the Spanish-American War.	1
5852931194	1053. Federal Reserve Act	Regulated banking to help small banks stay in business. A move away from laissez-faire policies, it was passed by Wilson.	2
5852931196	1054. Underwood-Simmons Tariff	October 13, 1913 - Lowered tariffs on hundreds of items that could be produced more cheaply in the U.S. than abroad.	3
5852931198	1055. Income tax	The first step toward building government revenues and redistributing wealth, a tax that was levied on annual income over a specific amount and with certain legally permitted deductions.	4
5852931200	1056. Federal Trade Commission, Cease and Desist Orders	A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.	5
5852931202	1057. Clayton Antitrust Act, labor's Magna Carta	1914 - Extended the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 to give it more power against trusts and big business. It outlawed practices that had a dangerous likelihood of creating a monopoly, even if no unlawful agreement was involved.	6
5852931204	1058. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925)	Served as Secretary of State under Wilson from 1913-1915, he resigned in protest of U.S. involvement in WW I.	7
5852931206	1059. Arbitration Treaties	Negotiated by U.S. using arbitration, the mediation of a dispute, Taft promoted these agreements as an alternative to war in Latin America and Asia.	8
5852931208	1060. Panama tolls dispute	Dispute over canal toll charge between the U.S. and Panama.	9
5852931210	1061. Colonel House	He was openly pro-British and was sent to Europe by Wilson to mediate. He would tolerate no interference in matters of foreign policy.	10
5852931212	1062. Louis Brandeis (1856-1941), "Brandeis Brief"	A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.	11
5852931214	1063. LaFollette Seaman's Act	LaFollette was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin. He protested the cruel treatment that sailors received and led the fight for this act.	12
5852931216	1064. Federal Highways Act, 1916	Passed by Wilson, it provided federal money to build roads. It helped to provide competition to the railroads' monopoly on public transportation.	13
5852931218	1065. Adamson Act, 1916	Wilson pushed passage of this act which mandated an eight hour workday and time and a half for overtime.	14
5852931220	1066. Smith-Lever Act, Smith-Hughes Act	1917-Established the U.S.'s first Food Administration with the authority to fix food prices, license distributors, coordinate purchases, oversee exports, act against hoarding and profiteering, and encourage farmers to grow more crops.	15
5852931222	1067. Virgin Islands Purchased	1917 - U.S. bought them from Denmark and built a naval base to protect the Panama Canal and to prevent Germany's seizure of islands during WWI.	16
5852931224	1068. Jones Act, 1916 (Philippine)	Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years.	17
5852931226	1069. Jones Act, 1917 (Puerto Rico)	1917 - Puerto Ricans won U.S. citizenship and the right to elect their own upper house.	18
5852931228	1070. Mexican Revolution, Diaz, Huerta, Carranza	Diaz was ruler of Mexico for 34 years, and caused much terror and bloodshed. Many people fled to the U.S. to plan a revolution. Huerta, in 1913, overthrew Diaz as dictator and had him murdered. Carranza was the leader of the forces against Huerta. The Mexican Revolution was an unstable situation that led to distrust between the U.S. and Mexico.	19
5852931230	1071. Mexican Migration to the U.S.	In the 1800's, Mexicans began moving north to work in agriculture. In the 1920's, they moved into the cities. Men outnumbered women. They faced racial discrimination from Whites.	20
5852931232	1072. "Watchful Waiting"	Often said by President Monroe during the U.S.'s isolationism period, when the U.S. was trying to stay out of the affairs of other countries in order to avoid war.	21
5852931234	1073. ABC Powers	1899 - Name given to Argentina, Brazil and Chile. They tried to maintain peace in South and Central America.	22
5852931236	1074. Pancho Villa, General Pershing	1916 - Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and Pershing was directed to follow him into Mexico. Pershing (was) met with resistance and eventually left without finding Pancho Villa.	23
5852931238	1075. Archangel Expedition	1917 - U.S. sent troops to the Soviet cities of Murmansk and Archangel to reinforce White Russians (non-Communists). The U.S. troops did not fight Communists, but instead defended the ports.	24
5852931240	1076. "Sick Man of Europe," Ottoman Empire, Balkan Wars	Because the Ottoman Empire's internal authority had broken down, it was not able to keep order in Macedonia and Albania, and the Balkans were on the verge of war. After the second Balkan war, Bulgaria was forced to surrender much of the territory it won in the first Balkan war.	25
5852931242	1077. Triple Entente; Allies	Britain, France and Russia all had economic and territorial ambitions and they all disliked Germany, so they formed an alliance for protection.	26
5852931244	1078. Triple Alliance; Central Powers	Germany, Austria and Hungary formed an alliance for protection from the Triple Entente.	27
5852931246	1079. Loans to the Allies	During WWII, loans were offered under the Lend-Lease Act, which became law March 11, 1914 (should be 1941, idk why this term is here). The U.S. spent $54 billion.	28
5852931248	1080. British blockade	Declared a loose, ineffectual and hence illegal blockade, it defined a broad list of contraband which was not to be shipped to Germany by neutral countries.	29
5852931250	1081. Lusitania, Arabic Pledge, Sussex Pledge	May 7, 1915 - British passenger ships were regularly sunk by German subs, but the Lusitania had Americans aboard and brought the U.S. into the war. Germany promised to stop submarine warfare.	30
5852931252	1082. Election of 1916: Hughes, Wilson, issues	The Democrats emphasized a program of domestic reform. Charles Evans Hughes left the Supreme Court to challenge Wilson, a democrat.	31
5852931254	1083. Unrestricted submarine warfare	This was the German practice of attacking any and all shipping to countries it was at war with. It annoyed neutral countries.	32
5852931256	1084. Zimmerman note	1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilize against Germany, which had proven it was hostile.	33
5852931258	1085. Russian Revolutions, 1917, March and Bolshevik	After years of oppression, the peasants rebelled against the czars. The first government was democratic and weak, so another revolution overthrew that government and instituted a Communist government led by the Bolshevik party under Lenin. Lenin pulled Russia out of WWI (The Germans may have aided his rise to power so they would not have to fight on two fronts).	34
5852931260	1086. War declared, April 1917	U.S. declared war on Germany due to the Zimmerman telegram and the attack on the Lusitania.	35
5852931262	1087. "Make the world safe for democracy"	Wilson gave this as a reason for U.S. involvement in WWI.	36
5852931264	1088. Creel Committee	Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty.	37
5852931266	1089. Bond drives	Campaigns to get people to buy government war bonds to finance the war, people traveled around America selling them and it was extremely successful in raising funds.	38
5852931268	1090. War Industries Board	The most powerful agency of the war, it had to satisfy the allied needs for goods and direct American industries in what to produce.	39
5852931270	1091. Bernard Baruch	Millionaire, he headed the War Industries Board after 1918.	40
5852931272	1092. Herbert Hoover, Food Administration	He led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution.	41
5852931274	1093. Espionage Act, 1917; Sedition Act, 1918	Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy.	42
5852931276	1094. Eugene V. Debs imprisoned	Debs repeatedly ran for president as a socialist, he was imprisoned after he gave a speech protesting WWI in violation of the Sedition Act.	43
5852931278	1095. AEF	American Expeditionary Force was the first American ground troops to reach the European front. Commanded by Pershing, they began arriving in France in the summer of 1917.	44
5852931280	1096. Selective service	1917 - Stated that all men between the ages of 20 and 45 had to be registered for possible military service. Used in case draft became necessary.	45
5852931281	1097. Black migration to northern cities	During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism.	46
5852931283	1098. Aims of Allies and U.S. at Peace Conference	Allies wanted Germany to pay reparation for costs of war. Wilson brought 14 points, but only one was accomplished. The harsh punishment sent Germany into a depression and aided the rise of Hitler.	47
5852931285	1099. Wartime manpower losses	WWI involved violent, modern weapons and old fighting styles. With so many men at war, nations needed other people to work in the factories and other wartime industries.	48
5852931287	1100. Fourteen Points	Wilson's idea that he wanted included in the WWI peace treaty, including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations.	49

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AP US History Decisions of the Marshall Court Flashcards

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7611462885	Marbury v. Madison	1803 Marbury sued James Madison for failing to deliver to midnight appointment. (Judiciary Act of 1789) It reestablished the principles of the Judiciary review. Madison wins. Judiciary act declared unconstitutional.	0
7611462886	Fletcher v. Peck	1810 Georgia passes land grant giving territory to 4 companies. Fletcher said Peck had no legal right to sell land. Peck win. The estate had been legally passes, Georgia legislature couldn't take away land; contract had control.	1
7611462887	McCulloch v. Maryland	1819; in 1816 congress chartered the second bank of the U.S.. In 1818 Maryland passes legislature to impose tax on bank. McCulloch winner, Maryland couldn't tax instruments of national government. (The power to tax is the power to destroy)	2
7611462888	Dartmouth College v. Woodward	1818 New Hampshire tried to make private Dartmouth public; legislature changed school's corporate charter. College wins. Corporate charter qualified as a contract between private parties; and legislature can't interfere with that. (Loose interpretation of contract clause)	3
7611462889	Cohens v. Virginia	1821 and act of congress authorized a lottery in D.C.; Cohens sold tickets in Virginia, violating state law. Virginia won. Supreme court had jurisdiction to review State Criminal procedings.	4
7611462890	Johnson v. McIntosh	1823 NW territory (1763 proclamation by the king of England) Johnson left his land to his heirs. McIntosh purchased from congress 11,000 acres of land originally purchased by Johnson. He sued McIntosh. McIntosh wins. M's claims superior to J's affirming the district court. Federal gov. had the right of negotiation with the Native American Nations.	5
7611462891	Gibbsons v. Ogden	Gibbsons, a steamboat owner who did business between NY and NJ. Under federal coastal license-challenged the monopoly licensee granted	6
7611462892	Cherokee Nation v. Georgia	1828 Cherokee cited treaties granting them land and independence. Failed negotiation with President Jackson and congress. Lacked Jurisdication to hear the case. and couldn't resolve it. Dismissed the case. the ruling ignore.	7
7611462893	Worcester v. Georgia	1832 Worcester and other non-native Americans were indicted in supreme court for the county of Giwinett in Georgia for "residing within the limits of the cherokee Nation with out a license" Worcester was prosecuted, violated the constitution, treaties and laws of the U.S. The Georgia act interfered with the federal government's authority and was unconstitutional	8
7611462894	Barron v. Baltimore	1833 Barron was co-owner of a profitable wharf in the harbor of Baltimore. Large amount of sand accumulated in the harbor depriving Barron of deep waters. He sued the City to recover a portion of his financial losses. The course announced its decision without even hearing the arguments of the city of Baltimore. Limitations of gov. articulated in the 15th amendment were specifically intended to limit the powers of the national gov. Developed the Bill of Rights.	9

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US AP History Period 1 Flashcards

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5603399688	How did early Americans reach North and South America?	They crossed a land bridge from Asia	0
5603399689	When was the land bridge formed? What was it made of?	During the ice age, ice/land	1
5603399690	What were the Indians doing when they crossed the land bridge?	Following food or herds	2
5603399691	What were the most complex Indian communities?	Mayan, Inca and Aztecs	3
5603399692	What did the cultivation of maize do?	Transform nomadic hunter-gather societies into settled farming communities	4
5603399693	What kinds of items did Europeans desire from Persia and China?	Silk, Spices, Oils/Perfumes	5
5603399694	What were the Spanish 3 motives for exploration?	1. God 2. Gold 3. Glory	6
5603399695	Which direction did Portugal head to reach Asia and India?	South along the West coast of Africa.	7
5603399696	Who married to make Spain whole?	Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille	8
5603399697	Where did Columbus land?	Hispainola	9
5603399698	Columbus died thinking what?	That he had found a trade route to Asia and that he had landed on the outskirts of India	10
5603399699	When Spain and Portugal went to the pope to see how to divide the world, the pope made what?	The Treaty of Tordesillas	11
5603399700	What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?	Divided the trade routes to Asia: Spain gets the route across the Atlantic and Portugal gets the route around Africa. Also, Spain got a lot of land in the New World and Portugal got present-day Brazil.	12
5603399701	Who came to the New World once it was discovered?	Spanish conquistadors	13
5603399702	Who conquered the Aztecs? Who conquered the Incas?	Cortes-Aztecs Pizzaro- Incas	14
5603399703	What are the 2 things the Spanish give the Indians in exchange for their work (in the Encomienda System)	1. Provide food, shelter, and good treatment to the Indians 2. Convert them to Christians	15
5603399704	What was the Encomienda System basically?	Slavery	16
5603399705	Who worked for Indian's rights?	Bartolome de las Casas	17
5603399706	What happened when the Spanish ran out of Indians to do work?	They went and got Africans	18
5603399707	Who was the explorer sent by England to the New World? Where did he explore?	John Cabot- coastline of North America	19
5603399708	Who was an explorer sent by Spain to the New World? (not Columbus) Where did he explore?	Vasco Nunez de Balboa- Pacific Ocean	20
5603399709	What is Ferdinand Magellan credited with?	The 1st circumnavigation of the earth	21
5603399710	When the Spanish moved north, what did they establish? Where?	A fort (outpost) in St. Augustine, Fl	22
5603399711	What is the Biological (Columbian) Exchange?	Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Old World and New World after the time of Columbus.	23
5603399712	What 3 crops from the Americas ended up being staple crops in Europe?	1. Corn 2. Beans 3. Potatoes	24
5603399713	What was the "big" animal brought to the Americas that changed Indian life?	Horses	25
5603399714	What diseases were from the Old World and went to the New World?	Smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, influenza	26
5603399715	What disease did the Indians give Europeans?	Syphillis	27
5603399716	Columbian Exchange	An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.	28
5603399717	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it	29
5603399718	Atlantic slave trade	Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. 98% of Africans were sent to the Caribbean, South and Central America.	30
5603399719	Bartolome de las Casas	First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor; however his suggestion to replace Natives with Africans was won he would regret.	31
5603399720	Maize	An early form of corn grown by Native Americans	32
5603399721	Anasazi	A Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings	33
5603399722	Iroquois	A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests	34
5603399723	Cherokee	Are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family. In the 19th century, historians and ethnographers recorded their oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples were located.	35
5603399724	Inuit	A member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)	36
5603399725	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.	37
5603399726	Aztec	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.	38
5603399727	Inca	Their empire stretched from what is today Ecuador to central Chili in the Andes Mountain region of South America. Called the Children of the Sun.	39
5603399728	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.	40
5603399729	Aztec calendar	365 days, divided into 18 months each with 20 days.	41
5603399730	Terrace farming	The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming. Terrace farms appears as steps cut into a mountainside. This adaptation allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations.	42
5603399731	Nomad	Early, simplistic man that migrated across the land bridge.	43
5603399732	Causes for European interest in exploration?	The Holy Crusades, Renaissance and The Protestant Reformation.	44
5603399733	Martin Luther	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his 95 problems with the Catholic Church.	45
5603399734	King Henry VIII	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his disagreement with his inability to get divorced; which eventually led to civil unrest in his country.	46
5603399735	New France	Established in Canada and along the Mississippi River, focused on fur trade.	47

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AP US History 'Isms' Flashcards

All the 'isms' of AP US History that our teacher wanted us to know.
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9978093134	Anarchism	a political theory favoring the abolition of governments ex.	0
9978093135	Communism	a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. ex. Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto,	1
9978093136	Capitalism	an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations ex. used by all the rich people (Rockefeller, Vanderbilt etc.)	2
9978093137	Socialism	an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. ex. Eugene V. Debs, American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor	3
9978093138	Nationalism	the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other or a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country ex.	4
9978093140	Nativism	a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones ex. 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.	5
9978093141	Sectionalism	a devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole ex. political struggle over slavery, The Missouri Compromise of 1820	6
9978093144	Federalism	A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments ex. the 50 states have their own governments etc. but there is also a national power	7
9978093146	Protestantism	The theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation ex.	8
9978093147	Rationalism	the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth ex.	9
9978093148	Social Darwinism	The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. ex. particularly used in economics, Herbert Spencer/William Sumner applied idea	10
9978093149	Mercantilism	an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by exporting more than importing ex. US and Great Britain	11
9978093151	Populism	Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892. ex. James Weaver, Thomas Watson, wanted 8 hour work days, regulation of railroads, increased coinage of silver	12
9978093152	Progressivism	The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution. ex. supported by urban mid. class, doctors, lawyers, white collar office workers, ministers, storekeepers	13
9978093154	Consumerism	the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial ex.	14
9978093157	Liberalism	A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes. ex.	15
9978093158	Conservatism	This was the political idea in which the people regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions and the proper state and society remained those before the French Revolution which rested on a judicious blend on monarchy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, and respectful commoners ex.	16
9978093159	Congregationalism	form of Protestant church government in which the local congregation is independent and self-governing ex. Puritans	17
9978093160	New Imperialism	Period of colonial expansion undertaken by European nations, and subsequently by Japan and the US, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century ex. US and the Philippines, Europe's Scramble for Africa, US and Cuba and the Cuban revolt, Suez Canal	18
9978093162	International Darwinism	Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest applied to competition among nations. In the international arena, the US had to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas. ex. Again,US and Philippines and US and Cuba, think Pan-Americanism	19
9978093163	Racism	the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races ex. against Chinese, immigrants	20
9978093165	Militarism	the policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war ex. Spanish-American War	21

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 3 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 3 Colonial Society in the 18th Century

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7292008838	English cultural domination	In the 18th century, cultural life in the colonies was dominated by English culture. Architecture, painting, and literature were strongly influenced by the English. (p. 50)	0
7292008839	Benjamin West	Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)	1
7292008840	John Copley	Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)	2
7292008841	Benjamin Franklin	He was the most popular and successful American writer of the 18th century. (p. 51)	3
7292008842	Poor Richard's Almanack	Written by Benjamin Franklin, this book written in 1732 and annually revised, contained aphorisms and advice. (p. 51)	4
7292008843	Phillis Wheatley	Her poetry is noteworthy for her triumph over slavery and the quality of her verse. (p. 51)	5
7292008844	John Bartram	Self-taught botanist from Philadelphia. (p. 51)	6
7292008845	professions; religion, medicine, law	Ministers, physicians, and lawyers were all respected careers in the 18th century colonies. (p. 52)	7
7292008846	religious toleration	The overwhelming majority of colonists were Protestants. Jews, Catholics, and Quakers suffered from the most serious discrimination and even persecution. (p. 49)	8
7292008847	established church	Churches that were financed by the government. (p. 49)	9
7292008848	Great Awakening	This religious movement was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s. It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. (p. 49)	10
7292008849	Jonathan Edwards	This reverend from Massachusetts argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness. Those who repented could be saved by God's grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation. (p. 49)	11
7292008850	George Whitefield	He came to the colonies from England in 1739. He spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies, sometime attracting crowds of 10,000 people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ. He taught that ordinary people could understand scripture without depending on ministers to lead them. (p. 50)	12
7292008851	Cotton Mather	This minister from Massachusetts, was the author of several widely read religious tracts. (p. 51)	13
7292008852	sectarian	The first colonial colleges were sectarian, meaning they promoted the doctrines of a particular religion. The Puritans founded Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1636. (p. 51)	14
7292008853	nonsectarian	In the mid 18th century, one nonsectarian colleges was founded. The College of Philadelphia (later University of Pennsylvania) was founded, with no religious sponsors. (p. 52) founded as a medical school by Benjamin Franklin	15
7292008854	subsistence farming	In the mid 18th century the colonies had little manufacturing and were devoted almost entirely to agriculture. In New England colonies, most farms were under 100 acres and farming was limited to subsistence levels that provided just enough for a farm family to survive. In the southern colonies, most people lived on small subsistence family farms with no slaves. (p. 48)	16
7292008855	J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur	In 1782, this Frenchman wrote , "America is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence. This is an American." (p. 45)	17
7292008856	colonial families	In the mid 18th century, there was an abundance of fertile land and a dependable food supply in the colonies. This attracted thousands of European settlers each year and supported the raising of large families. (p. 45)	18
7292008857	Germans	This group of immigrants settled chiefly on the rich farmlands west of Philadelphia. By 1775, they comprised 6 percent of the colonial population. (p. 46)	19
7292008858	Scotch-Irish	These English-speaking people emigrated from northern Ireland. They were known as Scotch-Irish because their ancestors had moved to Ireland from Scotland. By 1775, they comprised 7 percent of the colonial population. (p.46)	20
7292008859	Huguenots; Dutch; Swedes	The Huguenots (French Protestants), the Dutch, and the Swedes came to the colonies. By 1775, these groups comprised 5 percent of the colonial population. (p. 46)	21
7292008860	Africans	The largest single group of non-English immigrants did not come to America by choice. By 1775, the African American population (slave and free) comprised 20 percent of the colonial population. About 90 percent were in the southern colonies. (p. 46)	22
7292008861	immigrants	Newcomers to the colonies, were mostly Protestant, and came from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and Western and Central Europe. Some left Europe to escape religious persecution and wars. Others sought economic opportunities in farming, or setting up shop as an artisan or merchant. Africans were also brought in large numbers to the colonies, albeit unwillingly. (p. 45)	23
7292008862	social mobility	Everyone in colonial society, except African Americans, could improve their standard of living and social status with hard work. (p. 47)	24
7292008863	hereditary aristocracy	There was no hereditary aristocracy in the colonies. Their class system was based on economics with wealthy landowners at the top. Craft workers and small farmers made up the majority of the population. (p. 47)	25
7292008864	John Peter Zenger	In 1735, he published a true, but unflattering article about New York's royal governor. According to English common law at the time this was a criminal act, but he was acquitted by a jury. This encouraged newspapers in the colonies to take greater risks in criticising the government. (p. 52)	26
7292008865	Andrew Hamilton	In 1735, he was the lawyer for John Peter Zenger in the Zenger case. (p. 52)	27
7292008866	Enlightenment	In the 18th century, some colonists were attracted to this European movement in literature and philosophy. They believed that human reason could be used to solve most of humanity's problems. They reasoned that while the state is supreme, it is bound to follow natural law based on the rights of individual. (p. 53)	28
7292008867	colonial governors	In 1750, there were 13 colonies. In the eight royal colonies the governors were appointed by the King, in the three proprietary colonies the governors were appointed by the proprietors, and in Rhode Island and Connecticut the governors were elected by popular vote. (p. 54)	29
7292008868	colonial legislatures	In every colony, the legislature consisted of two houses. In every colony, the members of the lower house were elected by eligible voters. In the royal and proprietary colonies, the members of the upper house were appointed by the king or the proprietor. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the members of both houses were elected by eligible voters. (p. 54)	30
7292008869	town meetings	The dominant form of local government in the New England colonies, in which the people of the town would regularly come together to vote directly on public issues. (p. 54)	31
7292008870	county government	In the southern colonies, the local government was carried on by a sheriff and other officials who served a large territory called a county. (p. 54)	32
7292008871	limited democracy	In the mid 18th century, colonial democracy was limited to mostly white men that owned land. Those barred from voting included white women, poor white men, all slaves, and most free blacks. (p. 54)	33

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 10 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 10

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5295516193	Indian Removal Act	In 1830 this act forced the resettlement of thousands of Native Americans west of the Mississippi. (p. 195)	0
5295516194	Cherokee Nation v. Georgia	The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in a federal court. (p. 195)	1
5295516195	Worcester v. Georgia	High court ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of Cherokee territory. However Jackson sided with Georgia and the decision was not enforced. (p 196)	2
5295516196	Cherokee Trail of Tears	In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march. (p. 196)	3
5295516197	Bank of the United States	President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bank-recharter bill, denouncing the bank as a private monopoly that enriched the wealthy and foreigners. (p. 197)	4
5295516198	Nicholas Biddle	President of the Bank of the United States. (p. 197)	5
5295516199	Roger Taney	Secretary of Treasury, he transferred funds from the Bank of the United States to various state banks. (p. 198)	6
5295516200	pet banks	A term for the state banks that President Jackson transferred federal funds to. Jackson was trying to destroy the Bank of the United States. (p. 198)	7
5295516201	Specie Circular	To check inflationary Jackson issued a presidential order that required all future purchases of federal lands be made with gold or silver rather than in paper bank notes. (p. 198)	8
5295516202	Panic of 1837	Just as Martin Van Buren became the president the country suffered a financial panic as many banks closed their doors. (p. 199)	9
5295516203	Martin Van Buren	He won the 1836 presidential election as a Democratic. He had been Andrew Jackson's vice president. (p. 198)	10
5295516204	common man	A self-made man	11
5295516205	universal white male sufferage	New western states adopted state constitutions that allowed all white males to vote and hold office. (p. 192)	12
5295516206	party nominating convention	In the 1830 caucuses were replaced by this public process of nominating candidates in a large hall. (p. 192)	13
5295516207	King Caucus	A closed door meeting of political party's leaders in Congress that nominated candidates. (p. 192)	14
5295516208	popular election of president	In the 1832 presidential election all states except South Carolina allowed voters to choose their state's slate of presidential electors. (p. 192)	15
5295516209	Anti-Masonic Party	A political party that attacked the secret societies of Masons and accused them of belonging to a privileged, anti democratic elite. (p. 192)	16
5295516210	Workingmen's Party	A political party that was not as large as the Democrat or Whig party. (p. 192)	17
5295516211	popular campaigning	Campaigns of the 1830s and 1840s featured parades and large rallies with free food and drink. (p. 193)	18
5295516212	spoils system	Andrew Jackson appointed people to federal jobs strictly according to whether they had campaigned for the Demo. Previous office holders were fired and replaced with a loyal Democrat. (p. 193)	19
5295516213	rotation in office	Andrew Jackson's policy of limiting a person to one term in office so he could then appoint a Democrat to replace them. (p. 193)	20
5295516214	John Quincy Adams	In the 1824 he was elected president. Henry Clay used his influence in the House to provide him with enough votes to win the election. Clay was made Secretary of State. (p. 194)	21
5295516215	Henry Clay	He was Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams. He was Andrew Jackson's chief opponent. In 1832 he challenged Jackson by persuading Congress to pass a bank-recharter bill. (p. 197)	22
5295516216	corrupt bargain	The term that Andrew Jackson and followers called the Adams and Clay deal of the 1824 election. The House of Representatives had to choose the president and Henry Clay used his influence have John Quincy Adams elected. (p. 194)	23
5295516217	Tariff of 1828; Tariff of Abominations	In 1828, during Adams' term, Congress created a new tariff law which made northern manufacturers happy, but alienated southern planters. (p. 194)	24
5295516218	Revolution of 1828	Andrew Jackson became president after a mudslinging campaign. Jackson was a champion of the working class and middle class (common man). p. 195)	25
5295516219	Andrew Jackson	In the Revolution of 1828 he won the presidential election handily, winning every state west of the Appalachians. He was know as "Old Hickory" and presented himself as a comman man. (p. 195)	26
5295516220	role of the president	The term for Andrew Jackson, who represented of all the people and protector of the common man from abuses of power by the rich and privileged. (p. 195)	27
5295516221	Peggy Eaton Affair	When Jackson's Secretary of War's wife received of malicious gossip by other cabinet wives. Jackson supported her. The majority of cabinet resign because Jackson tried to force wives to accept Peggy. (p. 195)	28
5295516222	states' rights	President Andrew Jackson favored this form of government.	29
5295516223	nullification crisis	In 1832 South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state, which was nullifying a federal law at the state level. President Jackson threatened use of federal troops and a compromise was reached. (p. 197)	30
5295516224	Webster-Hayne Debate	In 1830 Daniel Webster of Massachusetts debated Robert Hayne of South Carolina on the nature of the federal union. Webster declared that a state could not defy or leave the union. (p. 196)	31
5295516225	John C. Calhoun	Andrew Jackson's vice president. He advanced the nullification theory, each state had the right to declare a federal law null and void. (p. 196)	32
5295516226	Proclamation to the People of South Carolina	President Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason. (p. 197)	33
5295516227	two-party system	Supporters of Andrew Jackson were Democrats, while supporters of Henry Clay were Whigs. (p. 197)	34
5295516228	Democrats	This party were supporters of Andrew Jackson and similar to old Republican party of Thomas Jefferson. (p. 197)	35
5295516229	Whigs	This party were supporters of Henry Clay and similar to old Federalist party of Hamilton. (p. 197)	36
5295516230	log Cabin and hard cider campaign	In 1840 presidential election the Whigs with popular war hero William Henry Harrison as their candidate used log cabins and hard cider to portray his down-home heritage. They attacked Martin Van Buren as an aristocrat. Harrison and John Tyler, the vice president won the elction. (p. 199)	37