| CourseNotes

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 25 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 25 Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945

6010894356	Good Neighbor Policy	President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region. (p. 523)	0
6010894357	Pan-American conferences	In 1933, the United States attended a conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, in which we pledged to never again intervene in the internal affairs of any Latin American country. At a second conference in 1936, the U.S. agreed to the cooperation between the U.S. and Latin American countries to defend the Western Hemisphere against foreign invasion. (p. 523)	1
6010894358	Soviet Union recognized	The Republican presidents of the 1920's had refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the Communist regime that ruled the Soviet Union. President Franklin Roosevelt promptly changed this policy by granting recognition in 1933. (p. 524)	2
6010894359	Independence for Philippines	In 1934, President Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass the Tydings-McDuffie Act which provided independence for the Philippines by 1946. (p. 524)	3
6010894360	reciprocal trade agreements	In 1934, Congress enacted a plan that would reduce tariffs for nations that reciprocated with comparable reductions for U.S. imports. (p. 524)	4
6010894361	Japan takes Manchuria	In September 1931, Japanese troops invaded Manchuria, on China's eastern seaboard. The League of Nations passed a resolution condemning the action but did not take action. (p. 521)	5
6010894362	Stimson Doctrine	In 1932, Secretary of State Henry Stimson said the United States would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria. (p. 522)	6
6010894363	fascism	A political system in which people glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force. Economic hardships led to the rise of military dictatorships, first in Italy, then in Japan and Germany. (p. 524)	7
6010894364	Italian Fascist party	In 1922, they seized power in Italy. They attracted dissatisfied war veterans, nationalists, and those afraid of rising communism. They marched on Rome and installed Mussolini in power. (p. 524)	8
6010894365	Benito Mussolini	He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945, he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. (p. 524)	9
6010894366	Ethiopia	In 1935, fascist Italy invaded this African nation. (p. 526)	10
6010894367	German Nazi party	This party arose in 1920's Germany in reaction to deplorable economic conditions after war and national resentments over the Treaty of Versailles. By 1933, the party under leader Adolph Hitler, had gained control of the German legislature. (p. 524)	11
6010894368	Adolf Hitler	Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in the book Mein Kampf attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide in 1945, when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent. (p. 524)	12
6010894369	Axis Powers	Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.	13
6010894370	Spanish Civil War	In 1936, a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war, by 1939 Franco had established a military dictatorship. (p. 525)	14
6010894371	Francisco Franco	In 1936, he plunged Spain into a Civil War. By 1939, Franco's Fascist had established a military dictatorship. (p. 525)	15
6010894372	Rhineland	In 1936, Adolf Hitler invaded this region. This was in violation of the Treaty of Versailles which had declared the area a demilitarized zone. (p. 526)	16
6010894373	Sudetenland	In 1938, Hitler insisted Germany had the right to take over an area in western Czechoslovakia. (p. 526)	17
6010894374	Munich	A 1938 conference, at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that he would not expand Germany's territory any further. (p. 526)	18
6010894375	appeasement	A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. In the years 1935 to 1938, a series of military actions by Fascist dictatorships made Britain, France, and the United States nervous, but they did nothing to stop the actions. * 1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia * 1936 - German troops invade the Rhineland * 1937 - Japan invades China * 1938 - Germany takes the Sudetenland (p. 526)	19
6010894376	Poland; blitzkrieg	On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded this country using overwhelming air power and fast-moving tanks, a term of warfare called lightning war. Britain and France then declared war against Germany. (p. 528)	20
6010894377	isolationism	A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations. A 1934 committee led by Senator Gerald Nye concluded the main reason for participation in World War I was because of the bankers and arm manufacturers greed. This caused the U.S. public to be against any involvement in the early stages of World War II. (p.. 525)	21
6010894378	Nye Committee	In 1934, a Senate committee led by South Dakota Senator Gerald Nye to investigate why America became involved in World War I. They concluded that bankers and arm manufacturers pushed the U.S. into the war so they could profit from selling military arms. This committee's work pushed America toward isolationism for the following years. (p. 525)	22
6010894379	Neutrality Acts	Laws passed by isolationists in the late 1930s, that were designed to keep the United States out of international wars. (p. 525)	23
6010894380	America First Committee	In 1940, after World War II had begun in Asia and Europe, isolationists became alarmed by President Roosevelt's support for Britain. To mobilize American public opinion against the war, they formed this committee. Charles A. Lindbergh was one of it spokesmen. (p. 525)	24
6010894381	Charles Lindbergh	In 1927, this U.S. aviator thrilled the world, by making the first nonstop flight from Long Island to Paris. In 1940, he was a speaker for the isolationist America First Committee. (p. 480, 525)	25
6010894382	Quarantine speech	In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made this speech after Japan invaded China. He proposed that democracies act together to "quarantine" Japan. Public reaction to the speech by the American public was negative, and the idea was abandoned. (p. 526)	26
6010894383	cash and carry	Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality, while aiding Great Britain. Great Britain could buy U.S. military arms if it paid in full and used its own ships to transport them. (p. 528)	27
6010894384	Selective Training and Service Act	In 1940, Roosevelt passed this law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service. (p. 528)	28
6010894385	destroyers-for-bases deal	In September 1940, Roosevelt cleverly arranged a trade that would help Great Britain. The United States gave Britain fifty older but still serviceable US destroyers, in exchange the U.S. was given the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean. (p. 528)	29
6010894386	FDR, third term	In the 1940 presidential election, Franklin D. Roosevelt won a third term in office. (p. 529)	30
6010894387	Wendell Willkie	Franklin Roosevelt's Republican opponent in the 1940 Presidential election. (p. 529)	31
6010894388	Four Freedoms speech	A speech by President Franklin Roosevelt on January 6, 1941 that proposed lending money to Britain for the purchase of U.S. military weapons. He argued that the U.S. must help other nations defend "four freedoms" (freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear). (p. 529)	32
6010894389	Lend-Lease Act	In March 1941, this act permitted Britain to obtain all U.S. arms they needed on credit during World War II. (p. 529)	33
6010894390	Atlantic Charter	In August 1941, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill met aboard a ship off the coast of Newfoundland. They created this agreement which outlined the principles for peace after the war. (p. 530)	34
6010894391	escort convoys	In July 1941, the U.S. began to provide protection for British ship carrying U.S. arms being transported to Britain. (p. 530)	35
6010894392	oil and steel embargo	In September 1940, Japan joined the Axis powers. The United States responded by prohibiting export of steel and scrap iron to Japan and other countries. In July 1941, when Japan invaded French Indochina, the U.S. cut off Japanese access to many vital materials, including U.S. oil. (p. 530)	36
6010894393	Pearl Harbor	On December 7, 1941, a date that will live in infamy, this U.S. naval base in Honolulu, Hawaii was bombed by Japanese planes. 2,400 Americans were killed and 20 warships were sunk or severely damaged. The next day, the United States declared war on Japan. (p. 531)	37
6010894394	War Production Board	During World War II, President Roosevelt established this agency to allocated scarce materials, limit or stop the production of civilian goods, and distribute contracts among competing manufacturers. (p. 531)	38
6010894395	Office of Price Administration	This World War II federal agency regulated most aspects of civilian lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing commodities in order to control inflation. (p. 532)	39
6010894396	government spending, debt	During World War II federal spending increased 1000 percent between 1939 and 1945, and the gross national product grew by 15 percent or more each year. By the war's end, the national debt was $250 billion, five times what it had been in 1941. (p. 532)	40
6010894397	role of large corporations	During World War II, the 100 largest corporations accounted for 70 percent of wartime manufacturing. (p. 532)	41
6010894398	research and development	The United States government worked closely with industrial companies, universities, and research labs to create and improve technologies that could be used to defeat the enemy. (p. 532)	42
6010894399	Manhattan Project	Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II. (p. 532)	43
6010894400	Office of War Information	Established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the World War II effort. (p. 533)	44
6010894401	the Good War	The term for the unity of Americans supporting the democratic ideals in fighting World War II. (p. 533)	45
6010894402	wartime migration	During World War II, over 1.5 million African-Americans migrated from the South to job opportunities in the North and the West. (p. 533)	46
6010894403	civil rights, Double V	During World War II civil rights leaders encouraged African Americans to adopt the Double V slogan - one for victory, one for equality. (p 533)	47
6010894404	executive order on jobs	During World War II, President Roosevelt issued an executive order to prohibit discrimination in government and in businesses that received federal contracts. (p. 533)	48
6010894405	Smith v. Allwright	This Supreme Court case in 1944 ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. (p. 533)	49
6010894406	Braceros program	A program the American and Mexican governments agreed to, in which contract laborers would be admitted to the United States for a limited time as migrant farm workers (p. 533)	50
6010894407	Japanese internment	In 1942, over 100,000 Japanese Americans living on the United States West coast were rounded up and put in internment camps. (p. 534)	51
6010894408	Korematsu v. U.S.	A 1944 Supreme Court case which upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay financial compensation to each survivor. (p. 534)	52
6010894409	Rosie the Riveter	A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in industrial jobs in the shipyards and defense plants during World War II. (p. 534)	53
6010894410	wartime solidarity	The New Deal helped immigrant groups feel more included, and serving together in combat or working together in defense plants helped to reduce prejudices. (p. 534)	54
6010894411	election of 1944	In this presidential election, Franklin D. Roosevelt replaced his vice president with Harry S. Truman, as they ran against Republican Thomas Dewey. Roosevelt won an unprecedented fourth term, but he died within three months. (p. 534)	55
6010894412	Harry S. Truman	He became president on April 12, 1945, when President Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly. In August 1945, he order an atomic bomb be dropped on Hiroshima then on Nagasaki, to end the war with Japan. Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945. (p. 537, 538)	56
6010894413	Battle of the Atlantic	The protracted naval war to control the shipping lanes in the North Atlantic. (p. 535)	57
6010894414	strategic bombing	United States bomber carried out daylight bombing raids on military targets in Europe, but the lines between military and civilian targets became blurred as war went on. (p. 535)	58
6010894415	Dwight Eisenhower	The United States general who commanded the invasion of Normandy (D-Day), Casablanca and the defeat of Nazi Germany. (p. 536)	59
6010894416	D-Day	On June 6, 1944 the Allies landed in northern France with the largest invasion by sea in history. By the end of August Paris was liberated from the Nazis, and by September Allied troops had crossed the German border. (p. 536)	60
6010894417	Holocaust	A methodical plan, orchestrated by Germany's Adolph Hitler to eliminate Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Six million Jews and several million non-Jews would be murdered by the Nazis. (p. 536)	61
6010894418	island-hopping	The United States strategy in the Pacific, which called for capturing Japanese-held islands in the Pacific and moving on to others to bring the American military closer and closer to Japan itself. (p. 536)	62
6010894419	Battle of Midway	On June 4-7, 1942, the U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet at Midway Island. The Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. The battle marked a turning point in the war in the Pacific. (p. 536)	63
6010894420	Douglas MacArthur	United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. (p. 537)	64
6010894421	kamikaze attacks	Japanese pilots would deliberately crash their planes into American ships, killing themselves, but also inflicting severe damage to the ships. (p. 537)	65
6010894422	J. Robert Oppenheimer	American theoretical physicist and professor of physics. He led the top-secret Manhattan Project, which built the world's first atomic bomb. (p. 537)	66
6010894423	atomic bomb	A nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission. (p. 537)	67
6010894424	Hiroshima; Nagasaki	On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Then on August 9, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. About 250,000 Japanese died as a result. Within a week after the second bomb was dropped, Japan agreed to surrender. (p. 537)	68
6010894425	Big Three	The leaders of the Allies during World War II included: Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin, Great Britain - Winston Churchill, United States - Franklin Roosevelt. (p. 537)	69
6010894426	Casablanca Conference	The conference attended by Roosevelt and Churchill in January 1943, to discuss the strategy to win World War II. The plan called for the invasion of Sicily and Italy by British and American troops. They resolved to accept nothing less than unconditional surrender of Axis powers. (p. 537)	70
6010894427	unconditional surrender	A surrender with any demands or requests. (p. 538)	71
6010894428	Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam	The three cities that held conferences for the leaders of the Allied powers, United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union during World War II. (p. 538)	72
6010894429	United Nations	On October 24, 1945, this international organization formed after World War II to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. (p. 539)	73

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Chapter 17 Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8566682712		Homestead lockout	0
8566682713	management revolution	An internal management structure adopted by many large, complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function.	1
8566682714	vertical integration	A business model in which a corporation controls all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.	2
8566682715	trust	A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity. They evolved into other centralized business forms.	3
8566682716	deskilling	The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. With deskilling, employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.	4
8566682717	mass production	A phrase coined by Henry Ford who helped invent a system of of mass production of	5
8566682718	scientific management	A system of organizing work developed by Frederick Taylor. It was designed to get the maximum output from the individual worker, increase efficiency, and reduce the cost of production.	6
8566682719	Chinese Exclusion Act	1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.	7
8566682720	Great Railroad Strike of 1877	Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies who were protesting the steep wage cuts amid the depression that had begun in 1873.	8
8566682721	Greenback-Labor Party	National political movement that advocated laws to regulate corporations and enforce an 8 hour workday, called for government to print more greenback dollars and increase the amount of money in circulation to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and help borrowers by allowing them to pay off debts.	9
8566682722	producerism	The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor, such as farmers and craftsmen, and that merchants, lawyers, bankers, and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."	10
8566682723	Granger laws 1878	Economic regulatory laws passed in some Midwestern states, triggered by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party. Commissions to regulate railroad rates and policies, along with commissions to regulate insurance and utility companies	11
8566682724	Knights of Labor	The first mass labor organization, attempted to bridge the boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology and race, and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood of all workers.	12
8566682725	anarchism	A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.	13
8566682726	Haymarket Square	May 4, 1886 conflict in which both workers and policemen were killed and wounded during a labor demonstration in Chicago.	14
8566682727	Farmer's Alliance	A rural movement founded in Texas during the Depression of the 1870's that spread across the Plains States and the South. It advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middle men, called for greater government aid to farmers and strict regulation of railroads.	15
8566682728	Interstate Commerce Act	An 1887 act that created a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.	16
8566682729	closed shop	A company with a labor agreement under which union membership can be a condition of employment.	17
8566682730	American Federation of Labor	Organization created by Samuel Gompers that coordinated the craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled labor.	18
8566682731	horizontal integration	A business concept invented in the late 19th century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.	19
8566682732	Andrew Carnegie	Industrialist. Gospel of Wealth. Part of the management revolution. V rich.	20
8566682733	Gustavus Swift	Invented the assembly line to cut labor costs. Pioneered vertical integration.	21
8566682734	John D Rockefeller	King of petroleum. Vertical integration and pioneer of horizontal integration. Owned Standard Oil v	22
8566682735	Terence Powderly	Leader of the Knights of Labor	23
8566682736	Leonara Barry	Woman organizer of the Knights of Labor. Investigated and exposed evidence of sexual harassment on the job	24
8566682737	Samuel Gompers	Led the American Federation of Labor.	25

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Period 3.1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5278448646	2nd Continental Congress	a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies which met from 1775 to 1781	0
5278448647	Common Sense	pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775 which advocated the argument for American independence from Britain	1
5278448648	Declaration of Independence	document adopted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776; declared that the 13 Colonies were now its own sovereign entity separate from the British Empire	2
5278448649	Articles of Confederation	document adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777 which established a national government similar to the one in place before and during the Revolutionary War	3
5278448650	George Washington	lived from 1732 to 1799; first President of the United States (1789-1797); Commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War	4
5278448651	Treaty of Paris	treaty between the British Empire and the United States of America signed on September 3, 1783; ended the Revolutionary War, providing a clear recognition of American independence and ceding a large swath of territory to the United States (from Canada border south to the northern border of Florida and westward to the Mississippi River)	5
5278448652	Northwest Ordinance	also known as the Ordinance of 1787; provided system for the surveying and selling of western lands, particularly the territory north of the Ohio River; created a single Northwest Territory; specified a minimum population of 60,000 as a minimum for statehood, guaranteed freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury, and prohibited slavery throughout the territory	6
5278448653	Shays' Rebellion	rebellion led by Daniel Shays which lasted from 1786 to 1787; centered around farmers in Massachusetts, in which farmers were furious over heavy state taxation due to heavy post-war debts; Shays' and followers attempt to seize arms from an arsenal in Springfield, leading to a response by state militiamen which dispersed Shays' men	7
5278448654	Abigail Adams	lived from 1744 to 181; wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams; advocate of married women's property rights and more economic opportunities for women	8
5278448655	Alexander Hamilton	lived from 1755 to 1804; first US Secretary of the Treasury; founded the first political party, the Federalists; visioned a more industrial based nation with a strong federal government	9
5278448656	James Madison	lived from 1751 to 1836; fourth President of the United States (1809-1817); "Father of the Constitution"; member of the Republican Party, which envisioned a more modest federal government and a more rural and agrarian society	10
5278448657	Annapolis Convention	convention held in Annapolis, Maryland from September 11-14, 1786 to discuss the reversal of trade barriers; report from convention asked support for a broader constitutional convention	11
5278448658	Constitutional Convention	took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The US Constitution was created during this gathering.	12
5278448659	Virginia Plan	was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral (meaning the split of legistlative branch into two distinguishable houses or chambers; ie: the HOE and Senate) legislative branch.[1] The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787	13
5278448660	New Jersey Plan	was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.[1] The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population. Opposed by James Madison	14
5278448661	Great Compromise	was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state would have two representatives in the upper house.	15
5278448662	Three-Fifths Compromise	compromise proposed at the Constitutional Convention; debate was over whether, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years. The effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored	16
5278448663	Electoral College	the institution that elects the President and Vice President of the United States every four years. Voting U.S. citizens do not directly elect the President and Vice President; instead, these voters directly elect designated intermediaries called "electors," who almost always have pledged to vote for particular presidential and vice presidential candidates	17
5278448664	Federalists	first American political party that supported ideas straight from the Constitution; called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with Great Britain, as well as opposition to revolutionary France	18
5278448665	Antifederalists	opposed the federalists; agreed in more power within the states, which exercised sectionalism	19
5278448666	Federalist Papers	collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay (under the pseudonym Publius) promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.	20
5278448667	National Bank	issued by the treasury and American government after the Revolution	21
5278448668	Whisky Rebellion	a tax protest on this beverage from the newly formed federalist government under Washingtons presidency, taxes used to help pay off war debt	22
5278448669	Washington's Farewell Address	a letter written by Washington towards the end of his presidency; a classic statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values.	23
5278448670	Citizen Genet	a french ambassador who visited the US, in search of US support for the French in the revolution; caused controversy on foreign policy.	24
5278448671	XYZ Affair	a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France	25
5278448672	Quasi War	was an undeclared war fought almost entirely at sea between the United States of America and the French Republic from 1798 to 1800. After the toppling of the French crown during its revolutionary wars, the United States refused to continue repaying its debt to France on the grounds that it had been owed to a previous regime.	26

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Amendments Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6545042099	1st Amendment	Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition	0
6545042100	2nd Amendment	Right to bear arms	1
6545042101	3rd Amendment	The government can not force people to quarter troops in their homes	2
6545042102	4th Amendment	No unreasonable searches or seizures without a warrant	3
6545042103	5th Amendment	Rights of the accused- to remain silent, to plead the 5th, no double jeopardy	4
6545042104	6th Amendment	The right to a speedy public trial, a lawyer will be provided if you cannot afford one	5
6545042105	7th Amendment	Right to a Civil trial by jury over $20	6
6545042106	8th Amendment	No excessive bail, fines, or unusual punishment	7
6545042107	9th Amendment	Peoples rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution	8
6545042108	10th Amendment	States have all the powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution	9
6545042109	11th Amendment	States do not have the power to extend the time a trial takes. If you commit a crime you have a trial set in the state, you commit the crime.	10
6545042110	12th Amendment	President and Vice President on same ballot. There will be an Electoral College system in each state with the winner take all system	11
6545042111	13th Amendment	Slavery is abolished 1865	12
6545042112	14th Amendment	Anyone born in the U.S. or that is naturalized into the U.S. is a citizen. Citizens have rights that the government cannot take away. 1868	13
6545042113	15th Amendment	Government cannot deny a citizen's right to vote because of race, religion, nation of origin, or sexual preference. 1870	14
6545042114	16th Amendment	There is a national income tax 1913	15
6545042115	17th Amendment	Each state will have two Senators who will be directly elected by the voters every six years. 1913	16
6545042116	18th Amendment	Prohibition- no manufacturing, sale, or importing of alcoholic beverages into the U.S. 1919	17
6545042117	19th Amendment	Suffrage- women are granted the right to vote 1920	18
6545042118	20th Amendment	"Lame Duck Amendment" Now the Congress term begins January 3rd and the President is inaugurated on January 20th at noon by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court	19
6545042119	21st Amendment	Repeal of the 18th Amendment "Prohibition" 1933	20
6545042120	22nd Amendment	No President can serve more than two terms of 4 years or 10 years total 1951	21
6545042121	23rd Amendment	District of Columbia receives 3 electoral votes for presidential elections 1961	22
6545042122	24th Amendment	No one can be denied the right to vote by a state by reasons of poll tax, or literacy test, or any other tax 1964	23
6545042123	25th Amendment	Presidential Succession - Vice President - Speaker of the House, Tempore of the Senate	24
6545042124	26th Amendment	18 year olds receive the right to vote - Vietnam War 1971	25
6545042125	27th Amendment	Pay raise for Congress (House or Senate) shall not take effect until after the next election 1992	26

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US history Presidents Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5726166434	George Washington	1789-1797 (1st) Bill of Rights Whiskey Rebellion cotton gin invented	0
5726166435	John Adams	1797-1801 Federalist (2nd) XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts	1
5726166436	Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809 Democratic-Republican (3rd) Marbury v. Madison Louisiana Purchase Embargo of 1807	2
5726166437	James Madison	1809-1817 Democratic-Republican (4th) War of 1812 American System	3
5726166438	John Quincy Adams	1825-1829 Democratic-Republican (5th) Erie Canal Tariff of Abominations	4
5726166439	Andrew Jackson	1829-1837 Democrat Nullification and bank war Jacksonian Democracy Indian Removal Act spoils system	5
5726166440	Martin Van Buren	1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears Panic of 1837 Divorce Bill	6
5726166441	William H. Harrison	1841 Whig 1st President to die in office	7
5726166442	John Tyler	1841-1845 Whig Irish and German immigrants Oregon Trail	8
5726166443	James K. Polk	Texas annexation and Mexican War Gold Rush Seneca Falls Convention -lowers tariff, acquired California, settled Oregon territory disputes	9
5726166444	Zachary Taylor	1849-1850 Whig Fugitive Slave Act	10
5726166445	Franklin Pierce	1853-1857 Democrat Bleeding Kansas Gadsden Purchase	11
5726166446	James Buchanan	1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott Harpers Ferry raid	12
5726166447	Abraham Lincoln	1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War Emancipation Proclamation first President assassinated	13
5726166448	Andrew Johnson	1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments Radical Reconstruction impeachment trial sharecropping in the South	14
5726166449	Ulysses S. Grant	1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment transcontinental railroad Panic of 1873 Battle of Little Big Horn	15

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Chapter 21 terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9269367070	American Exceptionalism	The idea that the American experience was different or unique from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world, such as a "city upon a hill."	0
9269367071	"Remember the Maine"	A slogan of the Spanish-American war referring to the sinking of a battleship in Cuba. Stirred up by yellow journalism, this lead McKinley to declare war.	1
9269367072	Teller Amendment	Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war.	2
9269367073	Insular Cases	A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901-1903 in which the SC ruled that constitutional rights (citizenship) were not automatically extended to territorial possessions. It decided that the power of whether or not to grant Constitutional rights (citizenship) to territories belonged to Congress.	3
9269367074	Platt Amendment	A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901, it specified the conditions under which the U.S. could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that might impair its independence. Its provisions where later incorporated into the Cuban Constitution.	4
9269367075	open door policy	A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. US Secretary of State John Hay , fearing being shut out, sent those powers a note in 1899 claiming the right of equal trade	5
9269367076	Root-Takahira Agreement	Agreement between Japan and America in which they pledged to respect each other's terratorial claims in the Pacific and also maintained an "open door" policy for trade with China It confirmed principles of free oceanic commerce and recognizing Japan's authority over Manchuria	6
9269367077	Panama Canal	(TR) , The United States built this to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build it, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the it.	7
9269367078	Roosevelt Corollary	Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force actually turned the monroe doctrine upside down : instead of US protecting its neighbors from Europe and help them preserve their independence, it asserted the US's unrestricted right to to regulate Caribbean affairs was not a treaty but a unilateral declaration sanctioned only by America's military economic might	8
9269367079	Zimmerman telegram	German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling him to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the U.S. the telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British, shocked the American public.	9
9269367080	War Industries Board	This government agency oversaw the production of all American factories during WWI. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce.	10
9269367081	National War Labor Board	A federal agency founded in 1918 that established an eight-hour day for war workers (with time-and-a-half pay for overtime), endorsed equal pay for women, and supported workers' right to organize.	11
9269367082	Committee on Public Information	It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons. April 1917 Wilson formed this - a government propaganda agency headed by George Creel	12
9269367083	Four-Minute Men	Name given to thousands of volunteers enlisted by the Committee on Public Information to deliver short prowar speeches at movie theaters, as part of an effort to galvanize public support for the war and suppress dissent.	13
9269367084	Sedition Act of 1918	Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the United States or help in the cause of its enemies.	14
9269367085	Great Migration	Beginning during World War I, the movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to cities in the North and Midwest in order to take jobs in industry.	15
9269367086	National Woman's Party	Political party founded in 1916 that fought for an Equal Rights Amendment to the U. S. Constitution in the early 20th century. headed by Alice Paul	16
9269367087	Fourteen Points	President Woodrow Wilson's 1918 plan for peace after World War I; at the Versailles peace conference, however, he failed to incorporate all of the points into the treaty. The Allies chose to base the talk on his ......................... - a blue print for peace that he presented a year earlier in a speech to congress	17
9269367088	League of Nations	A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.	18
9269367089	Treaty of Versailles	1919 treaty that officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of World War II.	19
9269367090	Theodore Roosevelt	1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.	20
9269367091	Alfred Mahan	American Naval officer and historian. He is most famous for his book "The Influence of Sea Power on History" which defined Naval strategy. His philosophies had a major influence on the Navies of many nations resulting in a igniting of naval races between countries.	21
9269367092	Queen Liliuokalani	Hawaiian Ruler, who called for new constitution to increase the monarch's power and restore political power to Hawaiians. 1893 she was overthrown by American businessman Sanford Dole.	22
9269367093	Emilio Aguinaldo	Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.	23
9269367094	Porfirio Diaz	President of Mexico Mad American now backing up Francisco Madero - an advocate of constitutional government 1911 Madero forced ................ to resign and made himself prez	24
9269367095	Woodrow Wilson	28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize. formed the Committee on Public Information (CPI) - a government propaganda agency headed by George Creel	25
9269367096	Herbert Hoover	A republican, emerged from the war as one of the nation's most admired public figures Led the most successful wartime agency (the Food Administration) created in August 1917, he convinced farmers to nearly double their acreage: slogan " Food will win the war"	26
9269367097	Alice Paul	Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.	27

Powered by Quizlet.com

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 2 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 2 The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1754

Terms : Hide Images

8591500443	Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore	In 1634, Cecil Calvert (Second Lord Baltimore) was the son of George Calvert (First Lord Baltimore). Cecil Calvert set about making his father's dream of a Maryland colony that would be a haven for Catholics in America. (p. 27)	0
8591500444	Act of Toleration	The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics. (p.27)	1
8591500445	Roger Williams	A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs. In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence. (p. 29)	2
8591500446	Providence	This settlement has founded in 1636 by Roger Williams. (p. 29)	3
8591500447	Anne Hutchinson	This Puritan believed in antinomianism and was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth. (p. 29)	4
8591500448	antinomianism	The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. (p. 29)	5
8591500449	Rhode Island	In 1644, Parliament granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony, Rhode Island. (p. 30)	6
8591500450	Halfway covenant	In the 1660s, people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members. (p. 31)	7
8591500451	Quakers	Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. (p. 34)	8
8591500452	William Penn	In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania. (p. 34)	9
8591500453	Holy Experiment	William Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in his colony, Pennsylvania. He wanted the colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself. (p. 34)	10
8591500454	Charter of Liberties	In 1701, the Pennsylvania colony created this written constitution which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration. (p. 34)	11
8591500455	rice plantations	These plantations required a large land area and many slaves. (p. 37)	12
8591500456	tobacco farms	As Tobacco prices fell, rice and indigo became the most profitable crops. (p. 37)	13
8591500457	John Cabot	First Englishman to explore lands in North America which England would later settle in the early 1600's. (p. 25)	14
8591500458	Jamestown	In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location. The Virginia Company, was a a joint-stock company chartered by England's King James I. (p. 25)	15
8591500459	Captain John Smith	Because of his forceful leadership, Jamestown barely survived its first five years. (p. 25)	16
8591500460	John Rolfe	He helped Jamestown develop a new variety of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became a profitable crop. (p. 25)	17
8591500461	Pocahontas	She was the American Indian wife of John Rolfe in early settlement days in Jamestown. (p. 25)	18
8591500462	Puritans	Group of dissenters that wanted to purify the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston. (p. 26)	19
8591500463	Separatists	Radical dissenters to the Church of England, they were known by this name because they wanted to organized a completely separate church that was independent of royal control. They became known as Pilgrims, because of the travels. (p. 26)	20
8591500464	Pilgrims	They were radical dissenters to the Church of England. They moved to Holland, then in 1620, they sailed to America on the Mayflower in search of religious freedom. They established a new colony at Plymouth on the Massachusetts coast. (p. 26)	21
8591500465	Mayflower	In 1620, the boat that the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth. (p. 26)	22
8591500466	Plymouth Colony	This colony was started by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massechusetts). In the first winter nearly half of them perished. They were helped by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621. (p. 26)	23
8591500467	John Winthrop	In 1630, he led about a thousand Puritans to America and and founded Boston and several other towns. (p. 26)	24
8591500468	Great Migration	This movement started because of a civil war in England. Nearly 15,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. (p. 26)	25
8591500469	Virginia	Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of Virginia use dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters. (p. 29)	26
8591500470	Thomas Hooker	In 1636, he led a large group of Boston Puritans dissatisfied with the Massachusetts Bay colony to found Hartford, which is now Connecticut. In 1639 they drew up the first written constitution in American history. (p. 30)	27
8591500471	John Davenport	In 1637, he founded a settlement south of Hartford, by the name of New Haven. (p. 30)	28
8591500472	Connecticut	In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form the colony of Connecticut under a royal charter. (p. 30)	29
8591500473	New Hampshire	Hoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony. (p. 31)	30
8591500474	The Carolinas	In 1663, King Charles II granted eight nobles the Carolinas. In 1729, the Carolinas were split into two royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations. (p. 32)	31
8591500475	New York	In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother, the Duke of York (future King James II) the land now known as New York. James took control of the Dutch colony that was located there, but the Dutch were treated fairly. James was unpopular because of his taxes and refusal to institute a representative government. Finally in 1683, he agreed to grant broad civil and political rights to the colony. (p. 33)	32
8591500476	New Jersey	The territory of New York was split. In 1674, land was granted to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Eventually they sold to the Quakers. In 1702, the two Jerseys were combined into a single royal colony, New Jersey. (p. 33)	33
8591500477	Pennsylvania	In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting William Penn's father a large parcel of American land. He then formed a colony from the land. (p. 34)	34
8591500478	Delaware	In 1702, William Penn granted the lower three colonies of Pennsylvania their own assembly. In effect, Delaware became a separate colony, even though its governor was the same as Pennsylvaniaá until the American revolution. (p. 34)	35
8591500479	Georgia	In 1732, Georgia was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again. (p. 34)	36
8591500480	James Oglethorpe	Founder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, in 1733. He acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery. (p. 35)	37
8591500481	Wampanoags	An American Indian tribe led by Metacom. (p. 31)	38
8591500482	Metacom	This American Indian chief was known to the colonists as King Philip. He joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists in King Philip's War, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676. (p. 31)	39
8591500483	King Philip's War	From 1675 to 1676, the American Indian chief Metacom (King Philip), waged a vicious war against the English settlers in southern New England. (p. 31)	40
8591500484	Mayflower Compact	In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created this document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority. It was a rudimentary written constitution. (p. 27)	41
8591500485	Virginia House of Burgesses	In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in America, the Virginia House of Burgesses. (p. 27)	42
8591500486	Sir William Berkeley	Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. He put down Bacon's rebellion in 1676. (p. 29)	43
8591500487	Bacon's Rebellion	In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided Native American villages, fought the governor's forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. The rebellion was caused by the Governor's unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids. (p. 29)	44
8591500488	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	In 1639, the Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in America. It established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature. (p. 30)	45
8591500489	New England Confederation	In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven colonies formed a military alliance to deal with the threat from the Native Americans. It lasted until 1684. (p. 31)	46
8591500490	Frame of Government (1682)	In 1682-1683, William Penn provided the Pennsylvania colony with a Frame of Government which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written constitution. (p. 34)	47
8591500491	corporate colonies	Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown. (p. 24)	48
8591500492	royal colonies	Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624. (p. 24)	49
8591500493	proprietary colonies	Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts. (p. 24)	50
8591500494	Chesapeake Colonies	In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony, has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony. Maryland became the first proprietary colony. (p. 27)	51
8591500495	joint-stock company	Corporate colonies, such as Jamestown, were operated by joint-stock companies, at least during the colony's early years. (p. 24)	52
8591500496	Virginia Company	England's King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607. (p. 25)	53
8591500497	mercantilism	An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country. (p. 35)	54
8591500498	Navigation Acts	Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade. * Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, which could be operated only by English or colonial crews. * All goods imported in the colonies, except some perishables, had to pass through the ports in England. * Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England. (p. 35)	55
8591500499	Dominion of New England	James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was combined New York, New Jersey, and the other New England colonies into a single unit. (p. 36)	56
8591500500	Sir Edmund Andros	In 1686, King James II combined New York, New Jersey, and additional New England colonies into a single unit called the Dominion of New England. He was sent England to govern the dominion. he was very unpopular by levying new taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles. (p. 36)	57
8591500501	Glorious Revolution	In 1688, King James II was deposed and replaced with William and Mary. This brought the end to the Dominion of New England, and the colonies operated under their previous structure. (p. 37)	58
8591500502	indentured servants	Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. (p. 28)	59
8591500503	headright system	A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage. (p. 28)	60
8591500504	slavery	The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, they were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then discriminatory laws were passed, slaves and their offspring were kept in permanent bondage. (p. 28)	61
8591500505	triangular trade	Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum. (p. 37)	62
8591500506	Middle Passage	Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was miserable for the slaves transported and many died. (p. 38)	63

Powered by Quizlet.com

Period 6 (1865-1898) AP US History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9792483959	People's Party	(1892-96) A.K.A. Populists; An agrarian political party; Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South; Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads.	0
9792483960	populism	a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elites	1
9792483961	assimilation	the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group	2
9792483962	"Gilded Age"	A sarcastic description of the late 19th century in the United States; Suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath; Coined by Mark Twain.	3
9792483963	Social Darwinism	"survival of the fittest"; Provided a justification for the enormous wealth and power wielded by industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century.	4
9792483964	trust	A.K.A. Holding company; A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other.	5
9792483965	Gospel of Wealth	(1889) Andrew Carnegie and others; The idea that those who accumulated wealth to share their riches for the betterment of society.	6
9792483966	Jane Addams	Reformer who helped poor immigrants; Established Hull House.	7
9792483967	Hull House	settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889	8
9792483968	Plessy v. Ferguson	(1896) Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."	9
9792483969	segregation	The separation into ethnic or racial groups in daily life: Restaurants, water fountains, public toilet, school, entertainment venues, transportation, residential neighborhoods.	10
9792483970	socialism	The idea (or ideal) of economic equality among all people	11
9792483971	radical	one who believes in fundamental change in a political, economic, or social system, often through extreme means	12
9792483972	anarchist	one who is against formal, coercive government	13
9792483973	tenement	a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded	14
9792483974	land grants	land given by government to universities and railroad companies	15
9792483975	Dawes Act	(1887) land given to individual Indians to discourage tribal mindset; encouraged Indians to farm for a living instead of communally owning land	16
9792483976	Bessemer process	A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850; Widespread adoption in the US allowed steel production and industrialization to outpace all global industrial competitors.	17
9792483977	vertical Integration	Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel)	18
9792483978	horizontal Integration	Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)	19
9792483979	prohibition	forbidding by law the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor	20
9792483980	Haymarket Riot	(1886) Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor.	21
9792483981	American Federation of Labor	The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886	22
9792483982	urbanization	movement of people from rural communities and settlements to big cities	23
9792483983	"New Immigrants"	Eastern and Southern Europeans, especially Jews, Russians, Italians, and Poles	24
9792483984	Chinese Exclusion Act	(1882) First law limiting immigration based on race; effectively stopped immigration from China.	25
9792483985	political machine	Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power; Mostly affiliated with urban immigrant groups. E.G. Tweed Ring, Tammany Hall.	26
9792483986	Knights of Labor	American labor organization in the 1880s led by Terence V. Powderly. Organized a wide range of workers, including skilled and unskilled, and had broad reform goals.	27
9792483987	William Jennings Bryan	Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896 who advocated a policy of free silver	28
9792483988	"New South"	A development plan to bring manufacturing to where cotton was produced	29
9792483989	Homestead and Pullman Strikes	Industrial lockouts and strikes that showed battle between corporations and labor unions. Ended with government intervention on the side of big business.	30
9792483990	Tammany Hall	Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption; lead by Boss Tweed and George Washington Plunkitt	31
9792483991	Andrew Carnegie	Titan of Industry: Steel; Author of "Gospel of Wealth"	32
9792483992	transcontinental railroads	Rail line that crosses the continent connecting East to West; Opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution	33
9792483993	Social Gospel	Belief that churches could provide for and deal with social reform.	34
9792483994	Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance	Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement.	35
9792483995	John D. Rockefeller	Titan of industry: Oil	36
9792483996	Second Industrial Revolution	Spurred by machine tools, interchangeable parts, Bessemer process of mass steel production, transcontinental railroad, immigrant labor	37
9792483997	J.P. Morgan	Titan of industry: Banking	38
9792483998	Cornelius Vanderbilt	Titan of industry: Railroads	39
9792483999	Standard Oil	John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition.	40
9792484000	Credit Mobilier scandal	corruption in the railroads allowing men to change the government very high amounts for the work to be done	41
9792484001	Rutherford B. Hayes	won the election of 1876 in exchange for withdrawing the federal troops from the remaining southern states	42
9792484002	Ulysses S. Grant	18th President, 1868-1876; A "Radical Republican" who supported civil rights for freedmen; His administration was plagued by corruption and scandal (E.g. Credit Mobilier)	43
9792484003	Compromise of 1877	South to gain removal of last troops from Reconstruction; North wins Hayes as president	44
9792484004	Jim Crow laws	State-level legal codes, literacy requirement for voting, voter registration laws and poll taxes meant to deter blacks from voting	45
9792484005	Pendleton Act	(1883) Legislation that began the federal merit system	46
9792484006	Civil Service Commission	Created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees	47
9792484007	Sherman Anti-Trust Act	(1890) Banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States	48
9792484008	yellow journalism	sensational and exaggerated news stories	49
9792484009	Ghost Dance	A religious revitalization campaign among several Indian tribes; An attempt to preserve cultures and tribal identities despite government policies promoting assimilation	50
9792484010	Enforcement Act	equal accommodations in public places and no racial discrimination in court	51
9792484011	Morrill Act	(1862) Land grants to states for education; Establishment of state colleges	52
9792484012	Victoria Woodhull	Feminist who advocated for free love, women's suffrage, and women in the workplace; She was the first woman to run for President (1872)	53
9792484013	suffrage	the right to vote	54
9792484014	National American Woman Suffrage Association	(Est. 1890) Organization dedicated to expanding voting rights; Significantly led by Carrie Chapman Catt	55
9792484015	Carrie Chapman Catt	Women's suffragist who emphasized voting rights as a necessity for women increasingly taking on roles as family and urban community leaders; Leader of NAWSA	56
9792484016	Mark Twain	Realist author of "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1885), social commentator; Notable anti-imperialist	57
9792484017	Battle of Little Bighorn	(1876) Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer	58
9792484018	irrigation schemes	government-sponsored projects to bring water to dry western lands to make them arable	59
9792484019	Homestead Act	(1862) Free western land for settlers	60
9792484020	sharecropping and tenant farming	Poor laborers work the land owned by landlords	61
9792484021	poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses	methods used to suppress black voting in Jim Crow South	62
9792484022	laissez-faire policies	Minimal government regulation	63
9792484023	Wabash Case	(1886) Supreme Court decision: States have no power to regulate interstate commerce; Only the government can do that.	64
9792484024	Interstate Commerce Commission	(1887) The first concerted effort to regulate business	65
9792484025	business consolidation	A.K.A. "Pools", combination; Methods used to strengthen industrial corporations, including formation of trusts and holding companies, vertical integration, horizontal integration.	66
9792484026	labor movement	An attempt to organize workers under the leadership of a Union	67
9792484027	Samuel Gompers	Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL); A moderate who refuted socialism and radicalism	68
9792484028	Booker T. Washington	proponent of gradual gain of equal rights for African-Americans	69
9792484029	W.E.B. Dubois	Critical of Washington's compliancy; Demanded complete equality for blacks	70
9792484030	Ida B. Wells	Investigative journalistic accounts that showed lynchings were often caused by economic inequality and labor disputes	71
9792484031	Women's Christian Temperance Union	A reform group that aimed to enact nationwide prohibition laws	72
9792484032	frontier	A wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country; In the United States: the West.	73
9792484033	frontiersman / pioneers / settlers	The migrants who first move into, live, and work into an undeveloped region	74
9792484034	buffalo	the primary source of food, shelter, and clothing for the Plains Indians.	75
9792484035	Indian reservations	Ethnic cleansing into specified areas	76
9792484036	Frederick Jackson Turner	United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history	77
9792484037	William McKinley	25th President 1897-1901 Republican	78

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Unit 2 Revolution Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4953276953	Natural law (rights)	life, liberty, and property	0
4953288403	John Locke	17th century English philosopher who wrote about a state of nature (no government) and natural rights (life, liberty, and property)	1
4953318066	Social Contract	consent of the people to live under a government which will protect their rights (life, liberty, and property)	2
4953335703	Montesquieu	French aristocrat who visited England in the late 17th century. He supported a legislative assembly of aristocrats to control the king's absolutism. Also, he wanted government to utilize the talents of its people	3
4953342586	Rousseau	18th century philosopher who believed that government should be for the people. He believed that society corrupted human beings, who were naturally good and freedom loving	4
4953363125	Voltaire	17th century French writer who traveled to England and was a critic of the clergy's power. He was a fierce supporter of new science, constitutional monarchies, and religious toleration	5
4977825190	Thomas Hobbes	17th century English philosopher who believed that people had a desire for power and that mankind was corrupt. He believed that society should give itself up entirely to the will of the ruler for safety and security	6
4977854568	Navigation Acts	laws meant to bring gold and silver into the Royal Treasury, to develop the imperial merchant fleet, to channel the flow of colonial raw materials into England, and to keep foreign goods and vessels out of colonial ports	7
4977865704	Salutary Neglect	an idea invented by British Prime Minister Robert Walpole, where British authorities would ignore American violations of the Navigation Acts	8
4977879376	Mercantilism	a set of policies developed by British officials to obtain raw goods from the colonies. These policies put a tariff on foreign goods and subsidized local industries	9
4977889079	French and Indian War	the French and Native Americans fight against the English for trade control and colonial land, ending with the cession of Canada to Great Britain; the Seven Years' War (in Europe)	10
4977921917	Ohio River Valley	a critical trade point over which the French and Indian War started	11
4977945552	William Pitt	British leader of the French and Indian War war effort, he used the British army, navy, and treasury heavily, ending in victory	12
4977962859	Fort Duquesne	French fort that fortified the strategic junction in Ohio that Washington was supposed to capture	13
4977976088	Fort Necessity	defensive position set up by Washington against Fort Duquesne	14
4977986790	1763 Treaty of Paris	peace treaty that ended the French and Indian War, resulting in the British gaining Canada and East and West Florida	15
4996443279	Pontiac's Rebellion	an Ottawa chief's attempt in 1764 to lead an Indian coalition to drive the whites back across the mountains	16
4996443280	George Grenville	British prime minister who got Parliament to pass the Sugar Act in 1764 and the Stamp Act in 1765	17
4996444720	Proclamation Line of 1763	agreement that put troops on the Appalachian divide to prevent everyone except licensed traders from crossing; it banned the purchase of Indian land; it also created three new British colonies, Quebec, East Florida, and West Florida, but they were not permitted to establish assemblies	18
4996446239	Sugar Act	law passed in 1764 that placed tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines, and other goods; it also demanded better enforcement of current trade laws	19
4996446240	Vice Admiralty Courts	special courts led by British naval officers meant to try anyone who violated British trade laws; Americans hated them because they were not given certain rights (such as a jury trial) because they were colonists	20
4996447755	No Taxation without Representation	American rallying cry invented by James Otis that demanded representation in Parliament before taxation	21
4996447756	James Otis	inventor of the phrase "no taxation without representation"	22
4996449222	Virtual Representation	the idea that Parliament represents the entire Empire	23
4997583502	Stamp Act	English tax on all kinds of printed material passed in 1765	24
4997589541	Stamp Act Congress	a meeting in New York City consisting of delegates from most of the colonial assemblies to protest the Stamp Act	25
4997592431	Sons of Liberty	the irregular organization that engaged in rioting, looting, and vandalizing to protest the Stamp Act	26
4997596399	Quartering Act	1766 English law that required colonial legislatures to house and feed British soldiers	27
4997599666	nonimportation agreement	a pledge by American merchants to boycott British goods	28
4997601922	Declaratory Act	1766 English law that stated that the colonies were subordinated and that Parliament had the right to enact any law it wished	29
4997605926	Charles Townshend	British chancellor of the exchequer who introduced the Townshend Duties	30
4997606914	Townshend Duties	tariffs on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea introduced by Charles Townshend	31
4997613773	Circular Letter	1768 letter written by the Stamp Act Congress that expressed their opposition towards the Townshend Acts	32
5000207953	John Dickinson	Philadelphia lawyer who wrote "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies"; he was a loyal British subject, but he believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies	33
5000214531	Boston Massacre	On March 5, 1770, a crowd in Boston began throwing rocks at a company of Redcoats, and the Redcoats fired back	34
5000217370	Committees of Correspondence	Groups of radicals forming after 1772, pledging joint action with each other in case of trouble; first ever colony-wide resistance movements	35
5018621031	British East India Company	Under the Tea Act, this company was allowed to trade directly with the colonies instead of through a British wholesaler but made the company a monopoly. The company was responsible for all trade between India and the rest of the English Empire. It had difficulties in America because of the colonists' hate towards British tea taxes and towards British monopolies and because of (illegal) competition from the Dutch	36
5018621032	Boston Tea Party	event that occured on December 16, when a band of colonists disguised as Indians dumped chests of tea from the Dartmouth into the harbor	37
5018623000	Intolerable Acts	a series of laws designed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party; Coercive Acts	38
5018623001	First Continental Congress	1774 assembly that wrote a list of grievances from 1763, proposed to take up arms to defend their rights, and organized a "Continental Association" to boycott British goods and to stop all exports to the empire	39
5018625846	Lexington & Concord	first battles of the American Revolution, which occurred when the British attempted to seize arms from the Patriots; "the shot heard round the world"	40
5018628213	Second Continental Congress	1775 assembly that created the Continental Army and appointed George Washington commander-in-chief. After the Battle of Bunker Hill, it adopted the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which condemned everything the British had done since 1763, ordered an attack on Canada, created committees to find aid and weapons abroad, and authorized the creation of a navy under Esek Hopkins	41
5018628214	Continental Army	colonial army commanded by George Washington	42
5018631220	Battle of Bunker Hill	first major battle of the American Revolution where Americans defended Breed's Hill from three waves of British assaults but lost due to lack of ammunition	43
5018633310	Olive Branch Petition	The Second Continental Congress' last plea for peace with the British	44
5018639473	Gaspee Affair	in 1772, some colonists burned the British patrol boat Gaspee, which was trying to catch a smuggler. When the British tried to prosecute the culprits, nobody testified against them	45
5018661420	Writs of Assistance	type of "warrants" that gave custom officials free reign so search someone's property	46
5018668655	homespun	refers to the type of clothes that the Daughters of Liberty made at home after the second nonimportation movement	47
5063642595	Tories (Loyalists)	colonists who refused to fight Britain	48
5063649437	George III	king of England	49
5063649438	Patrick Henry	said that the Burgesses possessed "the only and sole right and power to lay taxes"	50
5063650967	Sam Adams	political agitator who believed that Parliament had no right to legislate the colonies	51
5063650968	John Hancock	president of the Second Continental Congress	52
5063650969	John Adams	lawyer who defended the Boston Massacre Redcoats; he believed that Parliament had no inherent right to control colonial trade	53
5063651984	Quebec Act	1774 law that gave the Ohio River Valley to Quebec, the land that the colonists fought the French and Indian War for	54
5063651985	Paul Revere	horseman who warned the colonists "the regulars are coming"	55
5063653215	Prohibitory Act	1775 act that declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion	56
5063653216	Thomas Paine	author of Common Sense, a book that called for independence in simplistic language	57
5063653217	Thomas Jefferson	author of the Declaration of Independence	58
5063654661	Declaration of Independence	document that declared the colonies to be independent from England	59
5063658055	Fort Ticonderoga	major fortress crucial to controlling travel between Canada and New York	60
5063668375	Battle of Trenton	Washington crosses the Delaware River on Christmas night and beats the surprised Hessians	61
5063670566	Campaign of 1777	failed British campaign to destroy the Continental Army by surrounding them with three British armies	62
5063670567	George Washington	leader of the Continental Army	63
5063670568	Benedict Arnold	Along with Horatio Gates, he defeated General Burgoyne at Saratoga	64
5063672169	Ben Franklin	American inventor and diplomat; creator of the Albany Plan; delegate of both Continental Congresses	65
5063672170	William Howe	British general who took New York City; in the Campaign of 1777, he was responsible for leading an army north up the Hudson	66
5063673145	Horatio Gates	along with Benedict Arnold, he defeated General Burgoyne at Saratoga; leader of southern Continental Army but was replaced by Nathanael Greene after making a blunder	67
5063677336	John Burgoyne	British general in the Campaign of 1777 who was in charge of leading an army from Canada	68
5068842719	Richard Henry Lee	On June 7, he introduced a resolution that said, "That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States..."	69
5079321580	Nathanael Greene	leader of the southern Continental Army; he replaced Horatio Gates	70
5079420077	Nathan Hale	spy who worked for Washington; "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"	71
5079477033	Cornwallis	British general who fought in the South	72
5079477034	Comte de Rochambeau	commander of the French land forces	73
5079516266	Yorktown	final battle of the American Revolution	74
5079718714	Southern Campaign	after the British replace General Howe with General Clinton as their commander, Clinton decides to fight in the South because their navy could be better used there, there were many Tories there, and the slaves might have helped	75
5079739311	Valley Forge	resting place for the Americans from December 1777 to June 1778; winter encampment outside of Philadelphia; soldiers here suffered from no food, disease, and freezing temperatures	76
5079743007	Marquis de Lafayette	French aristocrat who fought for Washington; he embraced Washington as mentor and did not live in the officer's tent	77
5091980113	Articles of Confederation	placed the coercive powers to tax and regulate trade within the individual state governments, created a weak central government	78
5104820806	nationalism	an affinity for a particular nation	79
5104829319	Land Ordinance of 1785	demanded that Western Territories be surveyed in six-mile-square townships before sale	80
5104831601	Northwest Ordinance of 1787	established governments for the West	81
5104837711	Robert Morris	Superintendent of Finance	82
5104844957	1783 Treaty of Paris	treaty that ended the Revolutionary War	83
5104847694	Abigail Adams	"remember the ladies"	84
5104857511	Newburgh Conspiracy	idea that stated that the army would overthrow the Continental Congress and establish Washington as king	85
5104864139	Baron von Steuban	Prussian general who trained the American army	86
5104878493	Battle of New York	fight for New York City against General Howe; one of Washington's first battles of the war, where he often put his troops in positions vulnerable to the British Navy	87
5104878494	Boston (1775-1776)	area where Revolutionary War began; Battle of Bunker Hill	88
5104881564	Military Advantages (both sides)	Britain - more money and weapons, large and well-trained army and navy, and industry to produce more weapons America - troops had something to fight for, knew the land, and had the backing of France and Spain	89

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4754561974	Clovis People	The early Mongolian people that came into America over a land bridge. Named after a town in New Mexico	0
4754561975	Archaic Period	A scholarly term for the history of humans in American during a period of about 5,000 years beginning around 8000 BCE	1
4754561976	Jamestown	First permanent settlement in America, landed in Virginia	2
4754561977	Puritan	Fled to the new world for religious freedoms	3
4754561978	Protestant Reformation	Started by The 95 Thesis written by Martin luther. Lutheranism	4
4754561979	Mercantilism	Trade where one country benefits the other goes down.	5
4754561980	Meso-Americans	Lived in Meso-America	6
4754561981	Cahokia	Major city that resulted because of trade (near St. Louis) 1200 CE had population of about 10,000	7
4754561982	Matrilineal	Inherited on the mothers side	8
4754561983	Samuel de Champlain	Founded Quebec, died in a fight with the Mohawks	9
4754561984	Incentives for Europeans to look west	-Significant population growth in Europe -Strong nations wanted to enhance commercial growth	10
4754561985	Henry Hudson	Explored the Northwest passage for the Dutch. Has a river named after him	11
4754561986	Conquistadores	Conquerors	12
4754561987	Ronaoke	Sir Walter Raleigh founded the colony. Colony disappeared	13
4754561988	Presidios	Military bases	14
4754561989	Coureurs de Bois	French traders and trappers who lived in Canada	15
4754561990	Encomiendas	Licenses to exact labor and tribute from the native in specific areas	16
4785740361	Mestizos	Mixed of Spanish and English race	17
4759388383	Black Death	Bubonic plague that decimated Europe. Started in 1347 in Constantinople. 1/3 of population died.	18
4759395701	Christopher Columbus	First known European to land in America, went there in 1492. Funded by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.	19
4764715959	Seigneuries	Agricultural estates	20

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 25 Flashcards

AP US History Chapter 17 Terms Flashcards

AP US History Period 3.1 Flashcards

AP US History Amendments Flashcards

AP US history Presidents Flashcards

AP US History Chapter 21 terms Flashcards

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 2 Flashcards

Period 6 (1865-1898) AP US History Flashcards

AP US History Unit 2 Revolution Flashcards

AP US History Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org