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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 15 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 15 Reconstruction, 1863-1877

5441834471	Civil Rights Act of 1866	The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. (p. 295)	0
5441834472	Fourteenth Amendment	Constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." (p. 295)	1
5441834473	equal protection of the laws	Part of the 14th amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people.	2
5441834474	due process of law	Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty and property	3
5441834475	Fifteenth Amendment	Constitutional amendment that says the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (p. 297)	4
5441834476	Civil Rights Act of 1875	Last major piece of Reconstruction legislation this law prohibited racial discriminations in all public accommodations, transportation, The law was poorly enforced. (p. 297)	5
5441834477	Jay Gould	Wall Street financier who obtained the help of President Grant's brother in law to corner the gold market. Treasury broke the scheme, but not he had already made a huge profit. (p. 300)	6
5441834478	Credit Mobilier	Insiders gave stock to members of Congress to avoid investigation of government subsidies for building the transcontinental railroad. (p. 300)	7
5441834479	William (Boss) Tweed; Tweed Ring	New York politician and cronies, respectively, who, through fraudulent billing and embezzlement, defrauded the city of New York out of between 25 and 200 million dollars.	8
5441834480	spoilsmen	Political manipulators such as Senator Roscoe Conklin of NY and James Blaine of Maine who used patronage	9
5441834481	patronage	One of the key inducements used by party machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone.	10
5441834482	Thomas Nast	Political cartoonist who's work exposed the abuses of the Tweed ring, criticized the South's attempts to impede Reconstruction, and lampooned labor unions. Created the animal symbols of the Democratic and republican parties.	11
5441834483	Liberal Republicans	This group advocated civil service reform, an end of railroad subsidies, withdrawal of troops from the South, reduced tariffs, and free trade.	12
5441834484	Horace Greeley	Editor of the New York Tribune; presidential nominee for the Liberal Republicans and the Democrats for the 1872 election; lost to Grant and died a few weeks after his defeat.	13
5441834485	Panic of 1873	Economic panic caused by overexpansion and overspeculation. President Grant vetoed a bill calling for release of additional greenbacks. (p. 302)	14
5441834486	greenbacks	Name given to paper money issued by the government during the Civil War, so called because the back side was printed with green ink. They were not redeemable for gold, but $300 million were issued anyway. Farmers hit by the depression wanted to inflate the notes to cover losses, but Grant vetoed an inflation bill and greenbacks were added to permanent circulation. In 1879 the federal government finally made greenbacks redeemable for gold.	15
5441834487	redeemers	Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on states rights, reduced taxes, reduced social programs, and white supremacy. (p. 302)	16
5441834488	Rutherford B. Hayes	Nineteenth president of the United States. He was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history.	17
5441834489	Samuel J. Tilden	Hayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential race, he was the Democratic nominee who had gained fame for putting Boss Tweed behind bars. He collected 184 of the necessary 185 electoral votes.	18
5441834490	Compromise of 1877	Informal deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Republican) and Samuel Tilden (Democrat). Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South and support of the Southern transcontinental railroad. (p. 303)	19
5441834491	presidential reconstruction	In 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln chose Andrew Johnson, a Democratic senator from Tennessee, as his Vice Presidential candidate.	20
5441834492	Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)	Lincoln set up a process for political Reconstruction, as in reconstructing the state governments in the South so that Unionists were in charge rather than secessionists; full presidential pardons for most southerners who either took an oath of allegiance to the Union and the Constitution, a state government could be reestablished and accepted as legitimate by the US president as soon as at least 10 percent of the voters in the state took the loyalty oath, each southern state needed to rewrite Constitution to eliminate existence of slavery	21
5441834493	Wade-Davis Bill	In 1864 harsh Congressional Reconstruction bill that provided the president would appoint provisional governments for conquered states until a majority of voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. It required the abolition of slavery by new state constitutions, only non-Confederates could vote for a new state constitution. Lincoln killed the bill with a pocket veto. (p. 292)	22
5441834494	Andrew Johnson	The seventeenth U.S. President, (1865-1869). A Southerner from Tennessee, V.P. when Lincoln was killed he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. (p. 297)	23
5441834495	Freedmen's Bureau	In 1865 an organization created at end of Civil War that aided southerns (mainly former slaves) with education, finding food, shelter and employment. (p. 292)	24
5441834496	Black Codes	Restricted the rights and movements of newly freed African Americans. 1) prohibited blacks from either renting land or borrowing money to buy land, 2) placed freemen into a form of semi bondage by forcing them, as "vagrants" and "apprentices" to sign work contracts, 3) prohibited blacks from testifying against whites in court. (p. 294)	25
5441834497	Congressional Reconstruction		26
5441834498	Radical Republicans	A small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.	27
5441834499	Charles Sumner	Leader of the antislavery forces in Massachusetts and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the United States Senate during the American Civil War working to destroy the Confederacy, free all the slaves, and keep on good terms with Europe.	28
5441834500	Thaddeus Stephens	PA Congressman who hoped to revolutionize southern society through an extended period of military rule in which blacks would be free to exercise their civil rights, receive education, and receive lands from planter class (Radical Republican)	29
5441834501	Benjamin Wade	Radical republican who endorsed woman's suffrage, rights for labor unions, and civil rights for northern blacks	30
5441834502	Reconstruction Acts (1867)	Four statutes known as Reconstruction Acts following the Civil War. They created five military districts in the seceded states; each district was headed by a military official empowered to appoint state officials; voters (whites and freed blacks) were to be registered; states were to draft new constitutions providing for black male suffrage; states were required to ratify the 14th Amendment.	31
5441834503	Tenure of Office Act (1867)	Radical attempt to further diminish Andrew Johnson's authority by providing that the president could not remove any civilian official without Senate approval; Johnson violated the law by removing Edwin Stanton as secretary of war, and the House of Representatives impeached him over his actions.	32
5441834504	Edwin Stanton	American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War. Wikipedia	33
5441834505	impeachment	Johnson was impeached for the charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors on February 24, 1868 of which one of the articles of impeachment was violating the Tenure of Office Act. He had removed Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office and replaced him with Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas. One vote short of being removed from office.	34
5441834506	scalawags	White republican southerners who cooperated with and served in Reconstruction governments; generally eligible to vote, they were usually considered traitors to their states	35
5441834507	carpetbaggers	a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.	36
5441834508	Blanche K. Bruce	An American politician. Bruce represented Mississippi as a U.S. Senator from 1875 to 1881 and was the first black to serve a full term in the Senate.	37
5441834509	Hiram Revels	Black Mississippi senator elected to the seat that had been occupied by Jefferson Davis when the South seceded	38
5441834510	sharecropping	Common form of farming for freed slaves in the South. They received a small plot of land, seed, fertilizer, tools from the landlord who decided what and how much should be planted; landlord usually took half of the harvest. (p. 300)	39
5441834511	Ku Klux Klan	An organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States. Expressed beliefs in respect for the American woman and things purely American [anti-immigrant]. Strongest periods were after the Civil War, a resurfacing in 1915 [on Stone Mountain, GA.] continuing through the 1920s, and another upsurge in the 1990s.	40
5441834512	Force Acts (1870, 1871)	Gave power to federal authoriites to stop Ku Klux Klan violence and to protect the civil rights of citizens in the South	41
5441834513	Amnesty Act of 1872	This act removed the last of the restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for the top leaders. Allowed southern conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state governments. (p. 302)	42

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 26 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 26 Truman and the Cold War 1945-1952

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9205473095	Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944	Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, it was also known as the GI Bill. It provided veterans of the Second World War with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. (p. 557)	0
9205473096	baby boom	Between 1945 and 1960, 50 million babies were born. This generation would profoundly affect the nation's social institutions and economic life. (p. 558)	1
9205473097	Suburbs	These areas experienced huge population growth post-World War II. Low interest rates on mortgages that were government-insured and tax deductible made the move from the city to the suburb affordable for almost any family. In a single generation the majority of middle-class Americans became suburbanites. (p. 558)	2
9205473098	Levittown	William Levitt used mass production techniques to build 17,000 inexpensive homes on Long Island, New York. It became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after World War II. (p. 558)	3
9205473099	Sunbelt	After World War II, many Americans moved to southern states. They were attracted by a warmer climate, lower taxes, and defense-related industry jobs. (p. 558)	4
9205473100	Harry Truman	A moderate Democrat, he became president when Franklin Roosevelt died. He was a decisive, honest and unpretentious leader. (p. 558)	5
9205473101	Employment Act of 1946	President Truman's act included progressive measures such as increased minimum wage and efforts to maintain full employment. (p. 559)	6
9205473102	Council of Economic Advisers	Established by Truman's Employment Act of 1946, they counseled the president and Congress on promoting national economic welfare. (p. 559)	7
9205473103	Committee on Civil Rights	In 1946, President Truman used his executive powers to create this committee to challenge racial discrimination. (p. 559)	8
9205473104	Executive Order 9981	In 1948, President Truman ordered the end of racial discrimination throughout the federal government including the armed forces. The end of segregation changed life on military bases, many of which were in the South. (p. 559)	9
9205473105	22nd Amendment	In response to Franklin Roosevelt's four elections, Congress passed this constitutional amendment, which limited a president to a maximum of two full terms in office. (p. 560)	10
9205473106	Taft-Hartley Act	In 1947, President Truman called it a "slave labor" bill and vetoed it, but Congress overrode his veto. It established limits on unions by outlawing the closed shop, permitting states to pass "right to work" laws, outlawing secondary boycotts, and giving the president the power to invoke an 80-day cooling off period for some strikes. (p. 560)	11
9205473107	Progressive Party	In 1948, liberal Democrats who thought President Truman's aggressive foreign policy threatened world peace, formed this new party. (p. 560)	12
9205473108	States-Rights party	In 1948, Southern Democrats who supported segregation formed this new party in reaction the President Truman's support of civil rights. AKA Dixiecrats (p. 560)	13
9205473109	Fair Deal	President Truman's attempt at extending the New Deal with national health insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, public housing, and a new farm program. Most of the Fair Deal was defeated because of Truman's political conflicts with Congress and the pressing foreign policy concerns of the Cold War. (p. 561)	14
9205473110	Cold War	From the late 1940's to 1991, it dominated international relations. The Communist empire of the Soviet Union against the Western democracy of the United States. It was fought mainly through diplomacy rather than armed conflict, but brought the world dangerously close to a nuclear war. (p. 561)	15
9205473111	Soviet Union	A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other satellite states, that existed from 1922 to 1991. (p. 561)	16
9205473112	Joseph Stalin	The leader of the Soviet Union during World War II. In the Nonaggression Pact of 1939, he and Hitler agreed to divide up Eastern Europe. The Soviets later fought Hitler in World War II. They were unhappy when the British and Americans waited until 1944 to open a second battle front in France. (p. 562)	17
9205473113	United Nations	In the fall of 1945, this worldwide organization was founded and allowed membership of all countries. It had a 15-member Security Council that was to maintain international security and authorize peacekeeping missions. It is often referred to as the U.N. (p. 562)	18
9205473114	Security Council	Within the United Nations, this council consisted of 15 members. There were five permanent members that had veto power: United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union. (p. 562)	19
9205473115	Satellite nations	Central and Eastern European nations ruled by Communist dictators, most of them loyal to the Soviet Union. They included: Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, and others. (p. 562)	20
9205473116	Occupation zones	At the end of World War II, Germany was divided into four regions controlled by the Soviets, United States, Britain, and France. These areas were supposed to be temporary but the Soviets maintained control of the eastern area. (p. 563)	21
9205473117	Iron Curtain	The term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolating and controlling the Soviet satellite states of Eastern Europe. (p. 563)	22
9205473118	Winston Churchill	After World War II he declared, "An iron curtain has been descended across the continent". He called for a partnership between Western democracies to halt the expansion of communism. (p. 563)	23
9205473119	George Kennan	Helped formulate Truman's containment policy. Expert on Soviet Affairs, in an influential article he wrote that only "a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies" would eventually cause the Soviets to back off their Communist ideology of world domination and live in peace with other nations. (p. 563)	24
9205473120	Containment	In 1947, President Truman adopted the advice of three top advisers on how to contain Soviet aggression. This policy called for a long-term, firm, and vigilant containment of the Soviet's expansion tendencies. They believed this would eventually cause them to back off their Communist ideology of world domination. (p. 563)	25
9205473121	Truman Doctrine	This doctrine was in response to a Communist-led uprising against the government in Greece and Soviet demand for some control of a water route in Turkey. In 1947, President Truman asked Congress for $400 million in economic and military aid to assist Greece and Turkey against totalitarian regimes. (p. 564)	26
9205473122	Marshall Plan	A 1947 plan of U.S. economic aid to help European nations revive their economies and strengthen democratic governments, after the devastation of World War II. This plan offered $12 billion in aid to western and southern Europe. The Soviet Union refused to take any of the aid and the result was a deepening rift between non-Communist West and the Communist East. (p. 564)	27
9205473123	Berlin airlift	The Soviets cut off all access by land to West Berlin. The United States flew planes in with supplies to help the people. At the same time, the U.S. sent 60 bombers capable of carrying atomic bombs to bases in England. Stalin chose not to challenge the airlift and war was averted. (p. 564)	28
9205473124	East Germany	After World War II, this country was the German Democratic Republic, a satellite of the Soviet Union. (p. 564)	29
9205473125	West Germany	After World War II, this country was the Federal Republic of Germany, a U.S. ally. (p. 564)	30
9205473126	North Atlantic Treaty Organization	A military alliance, commonly known as NATO. It consists of the United States, Canada, and ten European nations. Its purpose was to defend Western Europe against outside attack. (p. 565)	31
9205473127	National Security Act	In 1947, this act provided for 1) a centralized Department of Defense to coordinate the operations of the military, 2) creation of the National Security Council (NSC) to coordinate the making of foreign policy in the Cold War, 3) creation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to employ spies to gather information on foreign governments. (p. 566)	32
9205473128	Nuclear arms race	Soviet and American scientists were in an arms race to develop superior weapons systems. From 1945 to 1949 the U.S. was only country to have atomic bombs. In 1949 the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb. President Truman responded by approving the development of a hydrogen bomb which would be 1000 times more powerful than the atomic bomb. (p. 566)	33
9205473129	NSC-68	A 1950 secret report in which the National Security Council that U.S must fight the Cold War by: 1) quadruple U.S. defense spending to 20% of GNP 2) form alliances with non-Communist countries 3) convince Americans that a costly arms build up was necessary for defense (p. 566)	34
9205473130	U.S. - Japanese Security Treaty	A 1951 treaty, in which Japan surrendered its claims to Korea and islands in the Pacific and the U.S. ended formal occupation of Japan. U.S troops remained on military bases in Japan to protect it from external enemies. (p. 567)	35
9205473131	Douglas MacArthur	Popular general who aggressively directed American forces during the Korean War. He clashed with President Truman, who removed him from command in 1951. (p. 566)	36
9205473132	Chinese civil war	The war between Communist Mao Zedong and Nationalist Chiang-Kai Shek. The United States gave $400 million in aid to the Nationalists, but 80 percent of it landed in Communist hands. The Communists took over China and forced the Nationalists to retreat to Taiwan. The U.S. did not recognize the People's Republic of China until 1979. (p. 567)	37
9205473133	Chiang Kai-shek	Nationalist leader of China, forced out of China by the Communists. He retreated to Taiwan, where the U.S. continued to support him. (p. 567)	38
9205473134	Taiwan	When the Communists took control of the China mainland, the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek were forced to retreat to this island. (p. 567)	39
9205473135	Mao Zedong	The Communist leader of the People's Republic of China. He overthrew Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists. (p. 567)	40
9205473136	People's Republic of China	Commonly known as China, it is the largest country in East Asia. A socialist republic ruled by the Communist Party of China under a single-party system. (p. 567)	41
9205473137	Korean War	On June 25, 1950 the North Korean army invaded South Korea. General Douglas MacArthur led a United Nations force consisting of mostly U.S. troops to help the South Korean army. By the time a peace agreement was signed in 1953 the north and south border was nearly in the same location, but 2.5 million people, including 54,000 Americans had died. (p. 568)	42
9205473138	Kim Il Sung	The Communist leader of North Korea during the Korean War. (p. 568)	43
9205473139	Syngman Rhee	The nationalist leader of South Korea during the Korean War. (p. 568)	44
9205473140	U.N. police action	The term to describe the Korean War because Congress supported the use of U.S. troops under the U.N. but had never declared war. (p. 568)	45
9205473141	38th parallel	After World War II Japan gave up its former colony Korea and the country was divided along this parallel. The northern area was occupied by the Soviet forces and the south by the U.S. forces. (p. 568)	46
9205473142	Loyalty Review Board	In 1947 under pressure from the Republicans this board was established to investigate the background of more than 3 million employees. (p. 570)	47
9205473143	Smith Act	In 1940, this act made it illegal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the government by force or belong to an organization with this objective. (p. 570)	48
9205473144	Dennis et al. v. United States	In 1951, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act. (p. 570)	49
9205473145	McCarran Internal Security Act	In 1950, Congress passed this act over Truman's veto which did the following: 1) Made it unlawful to advocate or support the establishment of a totalitarian government. 2) Restrict the employment and travel of those joining Communist -front organizations. 3) Authorized the creation of detention camps for subversives. (p. 570)	50
9205473146	House Un-American Activities Committee	After World War II, this House of Representative committee investigated Communist influence in the government and within organizations such as the Boy Scouts and Hollywood film industry. Many were called to testify before the committee and some were blacklisted. (p. 570)	51
9205473147	Hollywood blacklists	The House Un-American Activities Committee created a list of people who would be denied work in the film industry. (p. 570)	52
9205473148	Alger Hiss	He was a state department official who assisted Roosevelt at the Yalta conference. He denied that he was a Communist and had given secret documents to Whittaker Chambers. In 1950, he was convicted of perjury and sent to prison. (p. 571)	53
9205473149	Whittaker Chambers	A confessed Communist and witness for the House Un-American Activities Committee. (p. 571)	54
9205473150	Julius and Ethel Rosenberg	This couple was charged with running a spy ring for the Soviets in New York. In 1953, they were convicted of treason and executed. (p 571)	55
9205473151	Joseph McCarthy	A Republican senator from Wisconsin, who recklessly accused many government officials of being Communists. In December 1954 censured by the Senate which brought an end to his era. (p. 571)	56
9205473152	McCarthyism	During the early 1950s, this term was applied to the process of recklessly accusing people in the government and the arts of being Communists. (p. 571)	57

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AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards

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9424064482	George Washington	1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address	0
9424064483	John Adams	1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts	1
9424064484	Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 1807	2
9424064485	James Madison	1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff	3
9424064486	James Monroe	1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine	4
9424064487	John Quincy Adams	1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations"	5
9424064488	Andrew Jackson	1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act	6
9424064489	Martin Van Buren	1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 1837	7
9424064490	William Henry Harrison	1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President	8
9424064491	John Tyler	1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty	9
9424064492	James Polk	1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War	10
9424064493	Zachary Taylor	1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist	11
9424064494	Millard Fillmore	1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 1850	12
9424064495	Franklin Pierce	1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase	13
9424064496	James Buchanan	1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid	14
9424064497	Abraham Lincoln	1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation	15
9424064498	Andrew Johnson	1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment	16
9424064499	Ulysses Grant	1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 1873	17
9424064500	Rutherford Hayes	1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes	18
9424064501	James Garfield	1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office	19
9424064502	Chester Arthur	1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City	20
9424064503	Grover Cleveland	1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike	21
9424064504	Benjamin Harrison	1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier	22
9424064505	William McKinley	1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy	23
9424064506	Theodore Roosevelt	1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy	24
9424064507	William Howard Taft	1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded	25
9424064508	Woodrow Wilson	1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare	26
9424064509	Warren Harding	1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition	27
9424064510	Calvin Coolidge	1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative	28
9424064511	Herbert Hoover	1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff	29
9424064512	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats"	30
9424064513	Harry Truman	1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations	31
9424064514	Dwight Eisenhower	1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex	32
9424064515	John Kennedy	1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps	33
9424064516	Lyndon Johnson	1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society	34
9424064517	Richard Nixon	1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate	35
9424064518	Gerald Ford	1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis	36
9424064519	Jimmy Carter	1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords	37
9424064520	Ronald Reagan	1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal	38
9424064521	George H. W. Bush	1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War	39
9424064522	Bill Clinton	1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment	40
9424064523	George W. Bush	2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind"	41
9424064524	Barack Obama	2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act	42
9424064525	Donald Trump	2017- Republican "Make America Great Again"	43

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Colonies AP US History Flashcards

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4953576826	Virginia	•joint stock company •Chief Powhatan •John Smith •Promise of free land after 7 years of labor •tobacco •John Rolfe •indentured servants •William Berkeley	0
4953576827	Maryland	•first propriety colony •Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert) •tobacco	1
4953576828	Plymouth	•Pilgrims/Separatists •William Bradford •Mayflower Compact	2
4953576829	Massachusetts Bay	•John Winthrop •refuge for persecuted Christians •the trading company became the gov	3
4953576830	Rhode Island	•Roger Williams •Anne Hutchinson •religious refuge •separation of church and state	4
4953576831	Connecticut	•Thomas Hooker •self-governing •fundamental orders of commonwealth •Christian commonwealth, but voting wasn't limited to church members	5
4953576832	New Hampshire	•John Mason •became a royal colony	6
4953576833	Maine	•Fernando Gorges •taken over by Massachusetts (its proprietor)	7
4953576834	The Carolinas	•Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina •encourage practice of large land grants •SC became royal •NC remained under proprietors' rule	8
4953576835	New Netherland (New York)	•profit-making enterprise •Peter Minuit •religious pluralism	9
4953576836	New Jersey	•George Carteret •originally east and west jersey	10
4953576837	Pennsylvania	•Quakers •William Penn •religious tolerance •proprietary gov	11
4953576838	Georgia	•James Oglethorpe •royal colony •effective gov	12

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AP US History Questions Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

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7478585819	The ideals that the colonists cherished as synonymous with American life included reverence for all of the following except: individual liberty self-government opposition to slavery	opposition to slavery	0
7478589676	By the 1770s what issue helped bring about a crisis of imperial authority?	taxation, self-rule, and trade restrictions	1
7478596817	Most likely, the first Americans were	People who crossed the land bridge from Eurasia to North America	2
7478606504	Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following except a) engage in significant voyages of discovery b) establish, large, elaborate, bustling cities c) carry on commerce	a) engage in significant voyages of discovery	3
7478611100	The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was	corn	4
7478617807	Native American (Indian) civilization was least highly developed in	North America	5
7478621473	The development of "three-sister" farming on the southeast Atlantic seaboard	Produced a rich diet that led to high population densities	6
7478628020	Men in the more settled agricultural groups in North America performed all of the following tasks except: a) hunting b) fishing c) tending crops	c) tending crops	7
7478633217	The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they	Brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk	8
7478645064	Europeans wanted to discover a new, shorter route to Eastern Asia in order to a) Break the hold that the Muslim merchants had on trade with Asia b) reduce the price of goods from Asia c) both are correct	c) both are correct	9
7478648673	Which groups were responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived?	The Arabs and Africans	10
7478650905	The origins of the modern plantation system can be found in the	Portuguese slave trade	11
7478656142	In an effort to reach the Indies, Spain looked westward because	Portugal controlled the African coast	12
7478659482	After his first voyage, Christopher Columbus believed that he had	sailed to the outskirts of the East Indies	13
7490274364	Columbus called the native people in the "New World" Indians because	He believed he had skirted the rim of the "Indies"	14
7490277613	The term "Columbian exchange" describes	the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds	15
7490279044	The introduction of American plants around the world resulted in	rapid population growth in Europe	16
7490279770	European contact with Native Americans led to	the death of millions of Native Americans, who had little resistance to European diseases	17
7490282707	The Dominican Friar Bartolome' de Las Casas is best known for	speaking out against the encomienda system on Native Americans	18
7490284569	Spain began to fortify and settle its North American lands in order to	Protect its domains from encroachments by England and France	19
7490286008	The settlement settled in the early 1600's that was the most important for the United States was	Jamestown	20
7490286554	Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the	defeat of the Spanish Armada	21
7490287358	The first successful attempt of English colonization in 1585 was in	Roanoke Island	22
7490288959	Arrange the following events in chronological order: Reformation, Founding of Jamestown, Restoration, defeat of Spanish Armada, colony of Georgia	Reformation, Defeat of Spanish Armada, Founding of Jamestown, Restoration, colony of Georgia	23
7490291397	The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by	a joint stock company	24
7490292765	The early years of Jamestown were mainly characterized by	starvation, disease, and Indian raids	25
7490293740	The summoning of Virginia's House of Representatives marked an important precedent because it	was the first of many future mini parliaments to convene in America	26
7490295396	A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was to	create a refuge for the Catholics	27
7490295899	Under the Barbados slave code of 1661, slaves were	denied the most fundamental rights	28
7490296588	The busiest seaport in the southern colonies was	Charleston	29
7490297229	North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they	were the two most democratic colonies	30
7490297547	The colony of Georgia was founded	as a defensive barrier against Spain	31
7490299147	The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was	Handsome Lake	32
7490300731	Arrange the events in order: founding of: Georgia, Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland	Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia	33
7490305329	In American history, 1619 is important because in that year: a) blacks from Africa first arrived in America b) tobacco was first cultivated in Jamestown c) the House of Burgesses was established for the Jamestown colony d) Puritans arrived in Massachusetts	a) blacks from Africa first arrived in America c) the House of Burgesses was established for the Jamestown colony	34
7490306818	Two major exports of the Carolinas were	rice and Indian slaves	35
7490307894	Their neighbors as regarded the inhabitants of North Carolina	outcasts and irreligious	36
7490308691	The attitude of Carolinians towards Indians can be best described as	hostile	37
7490309147	Georgia's founders were determined to	create a haven for people imprisoned for debt	38
7490310178	The biggest disrupter of Native American life was	disease	39

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AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards

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6758827054	George Washington	1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address	0
6758827055	John Adams	1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts	1
6758827056	Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 1807	2
6758827057	James Madison	1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff	3
6758827058	James Monroe	1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine	4
6758827059	John Quincy Adams	1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations"	5
6758827060	Andrew Jackson	1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act	6
6758827061	Martin Van Buren	1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 1837	7
6758827062	William Henry Harrison	1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President	8
6758827063	John Tyler	1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty	9
6758827064	James Polk	1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War	10
6758827065	Zachary Taylor	1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist	11
6758827066	Millard Fillmore	1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 1850	12
6758827067	Franklin Pierce	1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase	13
6758827068	James Buchanan	1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid	14
6758827069	Abraham Lincoln	1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation	15
6758827070	Andrew Johnson	1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment	16
6758827071	Ulysses Grant	1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 1873	17
6758827072	Rutherford Hayes	1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes	18
6758827073	James Garfield	1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office	19
6758827074	Chester Arthur	1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City	20
6758827075	Grover Cleveland	1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike	21
6758827076	Benjamin Harrison	1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier	22
6758827077	William McKinley	1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy	23
6758827078	Theodore Roosevelt	1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy	24
6758827079	William Howard Taft	1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded	25
6758827080	Woodrow Wilson	1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare	26
6758827081	Warren Harding	1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition	27
6758827082	Calvin Coolidge	1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative	28
6758827083	Herbert Hoover	1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff	29
6758827084	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats"	30
6758827085	Harry Truman	1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations	31
6758827086	Dwight Eisenhower	1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex	32
6758827087	John Kennedy	1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps	33
6758827088	Lyndon Johnson	1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society	34
6758827089	Richard Nixon	1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate	35
6758827090	Gerald Ford	1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis	36
6758827091	Jimmy Carter	1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords	37
6758827092	Ronald Reagan	1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal	38
6758827093	George H. W. Bush	1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War	39
6758827094	Bill Clinton	1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment	40
6758827095	George W. Bush	2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind"	41
6758827096	Barack Obama	2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act	42
6758827097	Donald Trump	2017- Republican "Make America Great Again"	43

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AP US History Amendments Flashcards

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6771484106	1st Amendment	Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition	0
6771484107	2nd Amendment	Right to bear arms	1
6771484108	3rd Amendment	The government can not force people to quarter troops in their homes	2
6771484109	4th Amendment	No unreasonable searches or seizures without a warrant	3
6771484110	5th Amendment	Rights of the accused- to remain silent, to plead the 5th, no double jeopardy	4
6771484111	6th Amendment	The right to a speedy public trial, a lawyer will be provided if you cannot afford one	5
6771484112	7th Amendment	Right to a Civil trial by jury over $20	6
6771484113	8th Amendment	No excessive bail, fines, or unusual punishment	7
6771484114	9th Amendment	Peoples rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution	8
6771484115	10th Amendment	States have all the powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution	9
6771484116	11th Amendment	States do not have the power to extend the time a trial takes. If you commit a crime you have a trial set in the state, you commit the crime.	10
6771484117	12th Amendment	President and Vice President on same ballot. There will be an Electoral College system in each state with the winner take all system	11
6771484118	13th Amendment	Slavery is abolished 1865	12
6771484119	14th Amendment	Anyone born in the U.S. or that is naturalized into the U.S. is a citizen. Citizens have rights that the government cannot take away. 1868	13
6771484120	15th Amendment	Government cannot deny a citizen's right to vote because of race, religion, nation of origin, or sexual preference. 1870	14
6771484121	16th Amendment	There is a national income tax 1913	15
6771484122	17th Amendment	Each state will have two Senators who will be directly elected by the voters every six years. 1913	16
6771484123	18th Amendment	Prohibition- no manufacturing, sale, or importing of alcoholic beverages into the U.S. 1919	17
6771484124	19th Amendment	Suffrage- women are granted the right to vote 1920	18
6771484125	20th Amendment	"Lame Duck Amendment" Now the Congress term begins January 3rd and the President is inaugurated on January 20th at noon by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court	19
6771484126	21st Amendment	Repeal of the 18th Amendment "Prohibition" 1933	20
6771484127	22nd Amendment	No President can serve more than two terms of 4 years or 10 years total 1951	21
6771484128	23rd Amendment	District of Columbia receives 3 electoral votes for presidential elections 1961	22
6771484129	24th Amendment	No one can be denied the right to vote by a state by reasons of poll tax, or literacy test, or any other tax 1964	23
6771484130	25th Amendment	Presidential Succession - Vice President - Speaker of the House, Tempore of the Senate	24
6771484131	26th Amendment	18 year olds receive the right to vote - Vietnam War 1971	25
6771484132	27th Amendment	Pay raise for Congress (House or Senate) shall not take effect until after the next election 1992	26

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AP US History Quizlet Flashcards

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5752793887	1. George Washington	• 1789-1797 • Federalist • Establishment of Supreme Court • Whiskey Rebellion • Jay Treaty	0
5752803332	2. John Adams	• 1797-1801 • Federalist • XYZ Affair • Creation of Navy and Marine Corps	1
5752804222	3. Thomas Jefferson	• 1801-1809 • Democratic-Republican • Sent Lewis and Clark • Louisiana Purchase • Marbury v. Madison	2
5752805598	4. James Madison	• 1809-1817 • Democratic-Republican • War of 1812 • Treaty of Ghent	3
5769123321	5. James Monroe	• 1817-1825 • Democratic-Republican • Missouri Compromise • Monroe Doctrine	4
5781578579	6. John Quincy Adams	• 1825-1829 • Democratic-Republican • Erie Canal • Baltimore & Ohio railroad	5
5781579167	7. Andrew Jackson	• 1829-1837 • Democratic • Vetoed charter of 2nd Bank of United States (Whig party created) • Treaty of Echota (Trail of Tears)	6
5781579168	8. Martin Van Buren	• 1837-1841 • Democratic • Panic of 1837 • Trail of Tears	7
5781579570	9. William Henry Harrison	• 1841 • Whig • Longest inaugural address • Died of pneumonia	8
5781582008	10. John Tyler	• 1841-1845 • Whig • Far East opened to trade with U.S. • Annexation of Texas	9
5781592865	11. James K. Polk	• 1845-1849 • Democratic • War with Mexico • Treaty of 1848	10
5781592866	12. Zachary Taylor	• 1849-1850 • Whig • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty signed • Almost vetoed C. of 1850	11
5781593357	13. Millard Fillmore	• 1850-1853 • Whig • Compromise of 1850 • Fugitive Slave Act	12
5781594076	14. Franklin Pierce	• 1853-1857 • Democratic • Gadsden Purchase • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Ostend Manifesto • Treaty with Japan (by Commodore Matthew Perry)	13
5781594303	15. James Buchanan	• 1857-1861 • Democratic • Pony Express • Creation of the Confederate States of America	14
5781595440	16. Abraham Lincoln	• 1861-1865 • Republican • Civil War • Emancipation Proclamation	15
5781595626	17. Andrew Johnson	• 1865-1869 • Democratic • Reconstruction • Ratification of 13th and 14th Amendments • Purchase of Alaska	16
5781595953	18. Ulysses S. Grant	• 1869-1877 • Republican • Completion of Transcontinental Railroad • Whiskey Ring Scandal	17
5781596203	19. Rutherford B. Hayes	• 1877-1881 • Republican • End of Reconstruction • Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act	18
5781596421	20. James A. Garfield	• 1881 • Republican • Shot and killed :(	19
5781596593	21. Chester A. Arthur	• 1881-1885 • Republican • Chinese Exclusion Act • Pendleton Act	20
5781596866	22. Grover Cleveland	• 1885-1889 • Democratic • Statue of Liberty • Interstate Commerce Act • Dawes Severalty Act • Tenure of Office Act	21
5781597083	23. Benjamin Harrison	• 1889-1893 • Republican • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Sherman Silver Purchase Act	22
5781597667	24. Grover Cleveland	• 1893-1897 • Democratic • Panic of 1893 • Pullman Strike	23
5781598110	25. William McKinley	• 1897-1901 • Republican • Spanish-American War	24
5781599616	26. Theodore Roosevelt	• 1901-1909 • Republican • Roosevelt Corollary • Panama Canal Rights Acquired • Pure Food and Drug Act • Panic of 1907	25
5781599999	27. William H. Taft	• 1909-1913 • Republican • Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act • 16th Amendment Ratified • Dollar Diplomacy • Antitrust Policy	26
5781600321	28. Woodrow Wilson	• 1913-1921 • Democratic • The Great War (WWI) • 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments Ratified • Federal Reserve Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Treaty of Versailles	27
5781600322	29. Warren G. Harding	• 1921-1923 • Republican • Teapot Dome Scandal • Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act • End of WWI	28
5781601125	30. Calvin Coolidge	• Revenue Acts of 1924 & 1926 • Kellogg-Briand Pact	29
5781601522	31. Herbert Hoover	• 1929-1933 • Republican • Great Depression hits • Hawley-Smoot Tariff • Lame Duck Amendment Ratified	30
5781601922	32. Franklin D. Roosevelt	• 1933-1945 • Democratic • "New Deal" • World War II	31
5781602116	33. Harry S. Truman	• 1945-1953 • Democratic • 2 Atomic Bombs dropped • End of WWII • Creation of United Nations • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • NATO Treaty • 22nd Amendment Ratified	32
5781602327	34. Dwight D. Eisenhower	• 1953-1961 • Republican • End of Korean War • Brown v. Board of Education • Creation of Interstate Highway • Eisenhower Doctrine	33
5781602525	35. John F. Kennedy	• 1961-1963 • Democratic • Bay of Pigs • Creation of Peace Corps • Civil Rights Movement • March on Washington • 23rd Amendment Ratified • Cuban Missile Crisis	34
5781602717	36. Lyndon B. Johnson	• 1963-1969 • Democratic • Civil Rights Act • Vietnam War • 24th and 25th Amendments Ratified • Medicare and Medicaid	35
5781602886	37. Richard Nixon	• 1969-1974 • Republican • nearly impeached for Watergate Scandal • End of War in Vietnam • 26th Amendment Ratified • Nixon resigns	36
5781603518	38. Gerald Ford	• 1974-1977 • Republican • Grants Nixon unconditional pardon • Campaign Reform Law • Communist victory in SE Asia • Helsinki Agreement	37
5781604310	39. Jimmy Carter	• 1977-1981 • Democratic • Panama Canal Treaty • Camp David Accords • US recognizes People's Republic of China • Iran Hostage Crisis	38
5781604641	40. Ronald Reagan	• 1981-1989 • Republican • Granada Invasion • Iran-Contra Scandal • Glasnost with Soviet Union	39
5781604867	41. George Bush	• 1989-1993 • Republican • Invasion of Panama • Savings and Loan bail out • Persian Gulf War	40
5781605052	42. Bill Clinton	• 1993-2001 • Democratic • NAFTA • World Trade Center bombing • War in former Yugoslavia • Impeachment (not convicted by Senate)	41
5781605380	43. George W. Bush	• 2001-2009 • Republican • September 11th attack • Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq	42
5781605575	44. Barack Obama	• 2009-Present • Democratic • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act • First African-American President	43
5781605750	45. Donald Trump	Makes America great (again) You're fired	44

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AP us history chapter 1 and 2 identifies Flashcards

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7283843338	Christopher Columbus	-oct 12, 1492: landed on small Caribbean island greated by taino people -believed he reached asia and named natives Indians -took some tainos captive to teach him Spanish and use as translaters -built fort hispanola leaving crew members there -on second voyage back in 1494, left crew members were killed causing him to kill tainos -governor of hispanola in 1498	0
7283849767	Hernan Cortes	-1519 sailed from cuba to mexico w/ 600 soldiers -aztecs possibly thought cortes was the god lost Quetzalcoatl -montezuma welcomed cortes and exchanged gifts -took Montezuma as prisoner	1
7283852557	Francisco Pizarro	-defeated inca empire 1532 w/ army of 168 men	2
7283855297	Bartolome de Las Casas	-1484-1566 -in conquest of cuba 1512 -gained encomienda as reward -1514 gave up land and slaves to become a priest -doced cruelty against Indians by Spanish conquerors -created a record of the life of first people of Americas	3
7283857762	Ponce de Leon	-gov of Puerto rico -1513 led expedition to florida -seeking fountain of youth and wealth and land -retuerned to florida in 1521 w/ 200 men -natives killed him with a poisoned arrow	4
7283863088	Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca	-survived Narvaez expedition to florida 1528 -ended up in texas with nice natives -walked to mexico city for 8 years -him and his four survivors earned reputation as healers and traders -reached mexico city in 1536	5
7283866537	Francisco Coronado	-1540 led large exped across us-mex border into Arizona and later new mex, tx, ok, Kansas -in search of 7 cities of gold/Cibola -returned to mex city in 1542 with no gold	6
7283871248	Hernando de Soto	-1539 given royal charter to settle florida -1540 expedition moved up into Georgia and Carolinas -captured a princess and demanded she lead them over Appalachian mountains who later escapes them -1541 crossed Mississippi river into Arkansas -died of fever on june 20, 1542and sunk in Mississippi river	7
7283875170	Juan Cabrillo	-1542 investigates pacific coast of new spain -called cali a good country where you can make a settlement -discovered Monterey bay, future capital of Spanish and Mexican cali -planned to sail to china but didn't -shot in back by arrow trying to save his men and dies later from the injuries	8
7283883314	Giovanni Verrazano	-explore atlantic(eastern) coast and find sea route to asia/china -florida to newfoundland -entire continent divided atlantic from pacific -first to really map the modern eastern seaboard	9
7283888236	Jacques Cartier	-1543 sent to find northern passage -explored st lawrence river -traded furs with americans and Indians -second voyage back in 1535-1536 -stayed too long becoming trapped in ice -lost 25% of men in winter third voyage back again in 1541	10
7283894033	Sir Francis Drake	-licensed for piracy by queen Elizabeth -main job was to harass Spanish treasure fleets -1577-1580 circumnavigated the world -1585 attacked and burned st Augustine died in 1596	11
7283896758	Walter Raleigh	-1548 given permission to fund and authorize settlement of land in north America -interested in establishing base for privateers -1584 reconnaissance trip for potential sites -discovered Roanoke island and met by friendly Algonquian natives, two of which returned to England -1585 100 men sent back to start colony -one ship ran aground and most of the food was lost causing a war then Roanoke chief was killed -after coming back to check on colony, he ended up bringing them back	12

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AP US History Chapter 6/Brinkley Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 6

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5053067639	James Madison	1. "Father of the Constitution". 2. solved the questions of sovereignty and limiting power with the separation of power and checks and balances. 3. Contributed to the Federalist papers.	0
5053067640	Alexander Hamilton	One of the authors of the Federalist Papers. He favored a strong central government. He was appointed by washington as secretary of the treasury. He also desird the creation of a national bank.	1
5053067641	Federalists	Political party that supported the constitution. They supported a centralized & economically sound government. Had the support of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, Ben Franklin and loosely George Washington.	2
5053067642	Anti-Federalist	Political party in opposition to the constitution. They believed the constitution violated the principles of the revolution. They were concerned that the constitution lacked a bill of rights and gave government too much power	3
5053067643	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments (changes to the Constitution) were added to protect the rights of individual citizens. Nine dealt with basic rights. The tenth reserved state power for anything not specifically withheld from or delegated to the federal government.	4
5053067644	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	Two states passed resolutions that argued states had the right to nullify laws passed at the federal level.	5
5053067645	National bank tariffs; excise tariffs	Favored by Federalists in North as way to fund government/protect businesses; opposed by South and farmers	6
5053067646	Checks and balances	Designed to keep one branch of government from dominating the other	7
5053067647	Great Compromise	A compromise made at the constitutional convention of 1787. Stated that their would be a 2 house legislature with one house represented by population and each slave would count as 3/5ths of a person in both taxation and representation. The upper house would have 2 representatives per state regardless of population.	8
5053067648	House of Representatives	Representation in the House would be based on population of each state	9
5053067649	Senate	Two people per state, regardless of size	10
5053067650	3/5ths Compromise	3/5's of a state's slave population would be counted for representation purposes	11
5053067651	Electoral college system	Process by which a President is elected in the US	12
5053067652	Legislative branch	The branch of government that makes laws	13
5053067653	Congress	Legislative branch; House and Senate	14
5053067654	Cabinet	Term for chiefs of departments appointed by Washington	15
5053067655	Judiciary Act	Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices	16
5053067656	Federal courts	Courts created by the Judiciary Act	17
5053067657	Supreme Court	Ultimate court in the US	18
5053067658	Democratic-Republican Party	Rival to Federalists; opposed strong central government; led by Jefferson	19
5053067659	John Adams	In 1796 he was a Federalist who was elected as the second president.	20
5053067660	Revolution of 1800	Election in which Democratic-Republicans peacefully took power from the Federalists.	21
5053067661	French Revolution	Democratic-Republican's felt we were obligated to support the French.	22
5053067662	Proclamation of Neutrality	In 1793 Washington announced US as neutral in the war between England and France	23
5053067663	Jay's Treaty	establish American Sovereignty over the entire Northwest Territory and produced a satisfactory commercial relationship with britain.	24
5053067664	Pinckney Treaty	Spain agreed to open lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to US trade & conceded to prevent indian attacks across the border.	25
5053067665	Articles of Confederation	America's original governing document. - Established a very weak central government and strong state governments. This government was favored by those terrified of tyrannical central government.	26
5053067666	The Virginia Plan	A plan for new government with three branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. According to this plan the legislative branch would have 2 houses. The lower house would represent the states based on population, the upper house would be appointed by the lower house. Favored by large states, disliked by small states.	27
5053067667	The New Jersey Plan	A plan proposing a "federal" not "national" government. This plan would have a one house legislature with equal representation for each house but with more ability to tax and regulate commerce. Favored by small states, disliked by large states.	28
5053067668	Federalist Papers	Series of widely published essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the pseudonym Publius. They defended the constitution to the public attempting to coerce ratification.	29
5053067669	First national elections in 1789	George Washington elected to the presidency unanimously. John Adams became Vice-President. April 30, 1789 Inauguration.	30
5053067670	Judiciary Act of 1789	An act that provided a Supreme Court with six justices, thirteen district courts and three circuit courts of appeals. The act also gave the Supreme Court final decision in cases involving the constitutionality of state laws.	31
5053067671	National Bank	Hamilton proposed this to stabilize and unify the American banking system. In 1791 the bank began operations	32
5053067672	Republicans	Because of the rise of the Federalist party headed by Hamilton, it's opposition formed the (Democratic) Republican party. Key figures were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.	33
5053067673	Whiskey Rebellion of 1794	Farmers in western PA refused to pay the excice tax on whiskey, directly breaking federal law. The also terrorized tax collectors. Washington organized an army of 15,000 and personally led the troops to PA....rebellion quickly ceased.	34
5053067674	Constitution and the Indians	The constitution only vaguely mentions indians and leaves their place in the new nation unclear. They are not citizens but are not foreign countries like britain and france.	35
5053067675	Election of 1796	Washington did not run for presidency. The Republican party had Thomas Jefferson. The Federalist party was split between John Adams and Thomas Pinckney. Adams won by three electoral votes.	36
5053067676	The Alien Act	This act discouraged immigation and encouraged foreigners already in the country to leave. It put new obstacles in the way of citizenship and strengthened the president's hand in dealing with foreigners.	37
5053067677	The Sedition Act	This act allowed the government to prosecute anyone who committed "libelous or treasonous acts" against the government. Different people thought different things treasonous so the government could basically prosecute anyone who did not agree with them.	38
5053067678	Judiciary Act 1801	Federalists reduced number of supreme court judges and then flooded the court system with federalist judges so that they could maintain control over one branch of government during the republican dominated political era to come.	39