AP US History Test Cards Flashcards
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| 9884990656 | 17th/18th C. Jamestown, 1607 | First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company (27) | 0 | |
| 9885005064 | 17th/18th C. House of Burgesses | Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies (32) | 1 | |
| 9885020134 | 17th/18th C. Mayflower Compact (1620) | Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony. (43) | 2 | |
| 9885030651 | 17th/18th C. Puritans | English Protestant reformers who sought to purity the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership. (42) | 3 | |
| 9885047450 | 17th/18th C. Massachusetts Bay Colony (founded in 1630) | Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies. (43) | 4 | |
| 9885054163 | 17th/18th C. Pequot War (1636-1638) | Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies. (47) | 5 | |
| 9885072182 | 17th/18th C. King Philip's War (1675-1676) | Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades. (48) | 6 | |
| 9885086325 | 17th/18th C. Bacon's Rebellion (1676) | Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite. (62) | 7 | |
| 9885107697 | 17th/18th C. Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution in England (1688) | Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with the Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II. William and Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight and new limits on monarchial authority. (50) | 8 | |
| 9885120702 | 17th/18th C. Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692-1693) | Series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women of the town. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. (74) | 9 | |
| 9885142382 | 17th/18th C. Great Awakening (1730s and 40s) | Religious revival that swept the colonies. Participating ministers, most notably Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality. A Second Great Awakening arose in the nineteenth century. (87) | 10 | |
| 9885174589 | Late 18th/19th C. King William's War (1689-1697) | War fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective Indian allies. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe. (100) | 11 | |
| 9885190689 | Late 18th/19th C. Albany Congress (1754) | Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French. (106) | 12 | |
| 9885203183 | Late 18th/19th C. French and Indian War - Seven Years' War (1754-1763) | Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. (104) | 13 | |
| 9885216850 | Late 18th/19th C. Writs of Assistance | In 1760, Governor Bernard of Massachusetts authorized the use by revenue officers of writs of assistance, which were documents which served as a general search warrant, allowing customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected for any reason might hold smuggled goods. (Not a TB term) | 14 | |
| 9885239763 | Late 18th/19th C. Boston Massacre (1770) | Clash between unruly Bostonian protestors and locally stationed British redcoats, who fired on the jeering crowd, killing or wounding eleven citizens. (118) | 15 | |
| 9885262386 | Late 18th/19th C. Boston Tea Party (1773) | Rowdy protest against the British East India Company's newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade. Colonists, disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor, prompting harsh sanctions from the British Parliament. (121) | 16 | |
| 9885252364 | Late 18th/19th C. "Intolerable Acts" (1774) | Series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for the lodging of soldiers in private homes. In response, colonists convened the First Continental Congress and called for a complete boycott of British goods. (122) | 17 | |
| 9885294917 | Late 18th/19th C. First Continental Congress (1774) | Convention of delegates from twelve of thirteen colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods. (122) | 18 | |
| 9885314020 | Late 18th/19th C. Second Continental Congress (1775-1781) | Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort. (132) | 19 | |
| 9885323469 | Late 18th/19th C. Thomas Paine/Common Sense (1776) | Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine, was a pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution. (135) | 20 | |
| 9885343505 | Late 18th/19th C. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) | Formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide. (137) | 21 | |
| 9885357383 | Late 18th/19th C. Articles of Confederation (1781) | First American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce of collect taxes. The Articles were replaced by a more efficient Constitution in 1789. (163) | 22 | |
| 9885369081 | Late 18th/19th C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories. (166) | 23 | |
| 9885384529 | Late 18th/19th C. Federalist Papers (Aka The Federalist, 1788) | Collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and published during the ratification debate in New York to lay out the Federalists' arguments in favor of the new Constitution. Since their publication, these influential essays have served as an important source for constitutional interpretation. (175) | 24 | |
| 9885407605 | Late 18th/19th C. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | Popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tac on whiskey. In a show of strength and resolve by the new central government, Washington put down the rebellion with militia drawn from several states. (185) | 25 | |
| 9885457593 | Late 18th/19th C. John Adams | 26 | ||
| 9885475328 | Late 18th/19th C. XYZ Affair (1797) | Diplomatic conflict between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the US called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean. (195) | 27 | |
| 9885494205 | Late 18th/19th C. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) | Alien Laws: Acts passed by a Federalist Congress raising the residency requirement for citizenship to fourteen years and granting the president the power to deport dangerous foreigners in times of peace. (196) Sedition Act: Enacted by the Federalist Congress in an effort to clamp down on Jeffersonian opposition, the law made anyone convicted of defaming government officials or interfering with government policies liable to imprisonment and a heavy fine. The act drew heavy criticism from Republicans, who let the act expire in 1801. ()196) | 28 | |
| 9885525835 | Late 18th/19th C. Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Supreme Court case that established the principle of "judicial review" - the idea that the SC had the final authority to determine constitutionality. (209) | 29 | |
| 9885535793 | Late 18th/19th C. Lewis and Clark | 30 | ||
| 9885540269 | Late 18th/19th C. "Revolution of 1800" / Election of Thomas Jefferson | Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system. (204) | 31 | |
| 9885555881 | Late 18th/19th C. Louisiana Purchase (1803) | Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the US, opening vast tracts for settlement. (213) | 32 | |
| 9885565652 | Late 18th/19th C. James Madison | 33 | ||
| 9885568255 | Late 18th/19th C. War of 1812 (1812-1815) | Fought between Britain and the US largely over the issues of trade and impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America's willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers. (224) | 34 | |
| 9885582950 | Late 18th/19th C. James Monroe | 35 | ||
| 9885592203 | Late 18th/19th C. Fulton's Steamboat | 36 | ||
| 9885596266 | Late 18th/19th C. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | SC case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the US by establishing that the State of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank. (238) | 37 | |
| 9885612478 | Late 18th/19th C. Missouri Compromise (1820) | Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, north of the line of 36*30'. (235) | 38 | |
| 9885628409 | Late 18th/19th C. Eli Whitney / Cotton Gin (1783) | Eli Whitney's invention that sped up the process of harvesting cotton. The gin made cotton cultivation more profitable, revitalizing the Southern economy and increasing the importance of slavery in the South. (287) | 39 | |
| 9885635276 | Late 18th/19th C. Monroe Doctrine (1823) | Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The US largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets. (242) | 40 | |
| 9885665608 | Late 18th/19th C. Andrew Jackson | 41 | ||
| 9885673963 | Late 18th/19th C. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification | 42 | ||
| 9885677322 | Late 18th/19th C. Trail of Tears (1838-1839) | Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the arduous journey. (258) | 43 | |
| 9885684002 | Late 18th/19th C. Nat Turner | 44 | ||
| 9885690013 | Late 18th/19th C. Lowell System | 45 | ||
| 9885690036 | Late 18th/19th C. Dorothea Dix | 46 | ||
| 9885698053 | Late 18th/19th C. Transatlantic cable / telegraph | 47 | ||
| 9885711296 | Late 18th/19th C. Seneca Falls | 48 | ||
| 9885715370 | Late 18th/19th C. Emerson and Thoreau | 49 | ||
| 9885715371 | Late 18th/19th C. Wilmot Proviso | 50 | ||
| 9885721604 | Late 18th/19th C. "Polk's War" War with Mexico | 51 | ||
| 9885729262 | Late 18th/19th C. 49ers | 52 | ||
| 9885734867 | Late 18th/19th C. Compromise of 1850 | Admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in Washington, DC, and introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law. Widely opposed in both the North and South, it did little to settle the escalating dispute over slavery. (384) | 53 | |
| 9885752506 | Late 18th/19th C. Fugitive Slave Act (1850) | Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways. Strengthened the antislavery cause in the North. (385) | 54 | |
| 9885770009 | Late 18th/19th C. Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) | Harriet Beecher Stowe's widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery. It heightened Northern support for abolition and escalated the sectional conflict. (396) | 55 | |
| 9885783013 | Late 18th/19th C. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, thus revoking the 1820 Missouri Compromise. Introduced by Stephen Douglass in an effort to bring Nebraska into the Union and pave the way for a northern transcontinental railroad. (394) | 56 | |
| 9885805313 | Late 18th/19th C. Republican Party (Republicanism) | Political theory of representative government, based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue. Influential in 18th century American political thought, it stood as an alternative to monarchial rule. (113) | 57 | |
| 9885821354 | Late 18th/19th C. John Brown | 58 | ||
| 9885825797 | Late 18th/19th C. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) | SC decision that extended federal protection to slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory. Also declared that slaves, as property, were not citizens of the US. (403) | 59 | |
| 9885833424 | Late 18th/19th C. Abraham Lincoln | 60 | ||
| 9885843713 | Late 18th/19th C. Secession / The Confederacy | Confederate States of America (1861-1865): Government established after seven Southern states seceded from the Union. Later joined by four more states from the Upper South. (412) | 61 | |
| 9885859639 | Late 18th/19th C. Appomattox Courthouse | Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 after almost a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia in the "Wilderness Campaign". (455) | 62 | |
| 9885876625 | Late 18th/19th C. Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) | Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support. Its achievements were uneven and depended largely on the quality of local administrators. (469) | 63 | |
| 9885887467 | Late 18th/19th C. 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments | 64 | ||
| 9885891630 | Late 18th/19th C. Ku Klux Klan | An extremist, paramilitary, right-wing secret society founded in the mid-nineteenth century and revived during the 1920s. It was anti-foreign, anti-black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-communist, anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist, and anti-bootlegger, but pro-Anglo-Saxon and pro-Protestant. Its members, cloaked in sheets to conceal their identities, terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil War. By the 1890s, Klan-style violence and Democratic legislation succeeded in virtually disenfranchising all Southern blacks. (479, 701) | 65 | |
| 9885933179 | Late 18th/19th C. Military Reconstruction Act | 66 | ||
| 9885937454 | Late 18th/19th C. Impeachment of Johnson | 67 | ||
| 9885941684 | Late 18th/19th C. Carpetbaggers / Scalawags | Carpetbaggers: Pejorative used by Southern whites to describe Northern businessmen and politicians who came to the South after the Civil War to work on Reconstruction projects or invest in Southern infrastructure. (478) Scalawags: Derogatory term for pro-Union Southerners whom Southern Democrats accused of plundering the resources of the South in collusion with Republican governments after the Civil War. (478) | 68 | |
| 9885966550 | Late 18th/19th C. Boss Tweed / Tammany Hall | Tammany Hall (Established 1789): Powerful New York political machine that primarily drew support from the city's immigrants, who depended on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly social services. (281) | 69 | |
| 9885988424 | Late 18th/19th C. Credit Mobilier Scandal (1872) | A construction company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad for the purpose of receiving government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices - and profits. In 1872, a scandal erupted when journalists discovered that the Credit Mobilier Company had bribed congressmen and even the Vice President in order to allow the ruse to continue. (490) | 70 | |
| 9886019879 | Late 18th/19th C. Compromise of 1877 | The agreement that finally resolved the 1876 election and officially ended Reconstruction. In exchange for the Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes agreed to withdraw the last of the federal troops from the former Confederate states. This deal effectively completed the southern return to white-only, Democratic-dominated electoral politics. (494) | 71 | |
| 9886036661 | Late 18th/19th C. Booker T. Washington | 72 | ||
| 9886040134 | Late 18th/19th C. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | An 1896 SC case that upheld the constitutionality of segregation laws, saying that as long as blacks were provided with "separate but equal" facilities, these laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision provided legal justification for the Jim Crow system until the 1950s. (496) | 73 | |
| 9886062825 | Late 18th/19th C. Exodusters | 74 | ||
| 9886066853 | Late 18th/19th C. Bessemer Process | 75 | ||
| 9886070205 | Late 18th/19th C. Transatlantic cable | 76 | ||
| 9886073751 | Late 18th/19th C. Transcontinental Rail Line | 77 | ||
| 9886079107 | Late 18th/19th C. Standard Oil Company (1870-1911) | John D. Rockefeller's company, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and monopolies of the Gilded Age. By 1877 Standard Oil controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the US. It was also one of the first multinational corporations, and at times distributed more than half of the company's kerosene production outside the US. By the turn of the century it had become a target for trust-busting reformers, and in 1911 the SC ordered it to break up into several dozen smaller companies. (524) | 78 | |
| 9886166093 | Late 18th/19th C. Thomas Edison | 79 | ||
| 9886174794 | Late 18th/19th C. National Labor Union (1866-1872) | This first national organization in US history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce, although it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks. The organization devoted much of its energy to fighting for an eight-hour workday before it dissolved in 1872. (532) | 80 | |
| 9886215509 | Late 18th/19th C. Knights of Labor | The second national labor organization, organized in 1869 as a secret society and opened for public membership in 1881. The Knights were known for their efforts to organize all workers, regardless of skill level, gender, or race. After the mid-1880s their membership declined for a variety of reasons, including the Knights' participation in violent strikes and discord between skilled and unskilled members. (533) | 81 | |
| 9886239427 | Late 18th/19th C. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) | Federal legislation that prohibited most further Chinese immigration to the US. This was the first major legal restriction on immigration in US history. (498) | 82 | |
| 9886339504 | Late 18th/19th C. Pendleton Act (1883) | Congressional legislation that established the Civil Service Commission, which granted federal government jobs on the basis of examinations instead of political patronage, thus reigning in the spoils system. (499) | 83 | |
| 9886250449 | Late 18th/19th C. American Federation of Labor | A national federation of trade unions that included only skilled workers, founded in 1886. Led by Samuel Gompers for nearly four decades, the AFL sought to negotiate with employers for a better kind of capitalism that rewarded workers fairly with better wages, hours, and conditions. The AFL's membership was almost entirely white and male until the middle of the twentieth century. (536) | 84 | |
| 9886264598 | Late 18th/19th C. Samuel Gompers | 85 | ||
| 9886270230 | Late 18th/19th C. Haymarket Square Riot (1886) | A May Day rally that turned violent when someone threw a bomb into the middle of the meeting, killing several dozen people. Eight anarchists were arrested for conspiracy contributing to the disorder, although evidence linking them to the bombing was thin. Four were executed, one committed suicide, and three were pardoned in 1893. (533) | 86 | |
| 9886290285 | Late 18th/19th C. Jane Addams / Hull House | 87 | ||
| 9886297661 | Late 18th/19th C. Eugene V. Debs | 88 | ||
| 9886297662 | Late 18th/19th C. Horatio Alger | 89 | ||
| 9886303622 | Late 18th/19th C. Pullman Strike (1894) | An 1894 strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually President Grover Cleveland intervened and federal troops forced an end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the government's new willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages. (599) | 90 | |
| 9886321432 | Late 18th/19th C. The Grange / Oliver Kelly | 91 | ||
| 9886356694 | Late 18th/19th C. William McKinley | 92 | ||
| 9886366386 | Late 18th/19th C. William Jennings Bryan | 93 | ||
| 9886370524 | Late 18th/19th C. Alfred Thayer Mahan / The Importance of Sea Power Upon History | 94 | ||
| 9886373552 | Late 18th/19th C. Queen Liliuokalani / Hawaii | 95 | ||
| 9886379342 | Late 18th/19th C. Spanish American War | 96 | ||
| 9886383794 | Late 18th/19th C. de Lome letter | 97 | ||
| 9886389822 | Late 18th/19th C. USS Maine | 98 | ||
| 9886394839 | Late 18th/19th C. Jospeph Pulitzer / William Randolph Hearst | 99 | ||
| 9886394840 | Late 18th/19th C. Yellow Journalism | A scandal-mongering practice of journalism that emerged in New York during the Gilded Age out of the circulation battles between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. The expression has remained a pejorative term referring to sensationalist journalism practiced with unethical, unprofessional standards. (558) | 100 | |
| 9886427342 | Late 18th/19th C. Open Door Policy | Open Door note (1899-1900): A set of diplomatic letters in which Secretary of State John Hay argued the great powers to respect Chinese rights and free and open competition within their spheres of influence. The notes established the "Open Door Policy," which sought to ensure access to the Chinese market for the US, despite the fact that the US did not have a formal sphere of influence in China. (623) | 101 | |
| 9886456130 | Late 18th/19th C. Boxer Rebellion (1900) | An uprising in China directed against foreign influence. It was suppressed by an international force of some eighteen thousand soldiers, including several thousand Americans. The Boxer Rebellion paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China. (623) | 102 | |
| 9886471506 | Late 18th/19th C. Puerto Rico, Samoa, Guam | 103 | ||
| 9886471507 | Late 18th/19th C. Platt Amendment (1901) | Following its military occupation, the US successfully pressured the Cuban government to write this amendment into its constitution. It limited Cuba's treaty-making abilities, controlled its debt, and stipulated that the US could intervene militarily to restore order when it saw fit. (621) | 104 | |
| 9886490522 | Late 18th/19th C. National Women Suffrage Association | 105 | ||
| 9887105298 | Late 18th/19th C. Susan B. Anthony | 106 | ||
| 9897020605 | 20th C. Theodore Roosevelt | 107 | ||
| 9897031106 | 20th C. Roosevelt Corollary (1904) | A brazen policy of "preventative intervention" advocated by Theodore Roosevelt in his Annual Message to Congress in 1904. Adding ballast to the Monroe Doctrine, his corollary stipulated that the US would retain a right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American nations in order to restore military and financial order. (630) | 108 | |
| 9897060884 | 20th C. Panama Canal | 109 | ||
| 9897071241 | 20th C. Niagara Movement / NAACP | 110 | ||
| 9897075051 | 20th C. W.E.B. DuBois | 111 | ||
| 9897082010 | 20th C. Jacob Riis / How the Other Half Lives | 112 | ||
| 9897087084 | 20th C. Upton Sinclair / The Jungle | 113 | ||
| 9897094209 | 20th C. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) / Meat Inspection Act (1906) | PFaDA: A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in 1911 to strengthen it, aimed particularly at the patent medicine industry. The more comprehensive Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 largely replaced this legislation. (650) MIA: A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants that it mobilized public support for government action. (650) | 114 | |
| 9897129376 | 20th C. Muckrakers | Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt, but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposes of widespread corruption in American society. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deeds of the trusts, and helped spur the passage of reform legislation. (639) | 115 | |
| 9897151345 | 20th C. Muller v. Oregon (1908) | A landmark SC case in which crusading attorney (and future SC Justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the SC to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers. Coming on the heels of Lochner v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers. (645) | 116 | |
| 9897177678 | 20th C. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | 117 | ||
| 9897177679 | 20th C. 17th Amendment | 118 | ||
| 9897181147 | 20th C. Margaret Sanger / Birth Control | 119 | ||
| 9897181148 | 20th C. 19th Amendment | 120 | ||
| 9897187782 | 20th C. Triple Alliance / Triple Entente | 121 | ||
| 9897198569 | 20th C. Standard Oil Co. v. US | 122 | ||
| 9897198570 | 20th C. Woodrow Wilson | 123 | ||
| 9897198571 | 20th C. 16th Amendment | 124 | ||
| 9897206125 | 20th C. Federal Reserve Act (1913) | An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the president, to regulate banking and create stability on a national scale in the volatile banking sector. The law carried the nation through the financial crises of the First World War of 1914-1918. (665) | 125 | |
| 9897229748 | 20th C. World War I | 126 | ||
| 9897233932 | 20th C. Lusitania | British passenger liner torpedoed and sank by Germany on May 7, 1915. It ended the lies of 1,198 people, including 128 Americans, and pushed the US closer to entering WWI efforts. (672) | 127 | |
| 9897253215 | 20th C. Submarine Warfare | 128 | ||
| 9897253216 | 20th C. Zimmerman Note (1917) | German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the US. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1917, it cause an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter WWI. (678) | 129 | |
| 9897272803 | 20th C. Committee on Public Information (1917) | A government office during WWI known properly as the Creel Committee for its chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort. It regularly distributed pro-war propaganda and sent out an army of "four-minute men" to rally crowds and deliver "patriotic pep." (680) | 130 | |
| 9897295115 | 20th C. Selective Service Act | 131 | ||
| 9897299768 | 20th C. Espionage and Sedition Act (1917) | A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national "disloyalty." Together with the Sedition Act of 1918, which added penalties for abusing the government in writing, it created a climate that was unfriendly to civil liberties. (681) | 132 | |
| 9897329379 | 20th C. Bolshevik Revolution (1917) | The second stage of the Russian Revolution in November 1917 when Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik party seized power and established a communist state. The first stage had occurred the previous February when more moderate revolutionaries overthrew the Russian Czar. (700) | 133 | |
| 9897353006 | 20th C. Fourteen Points (1918) | Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after WWI, calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self determination, and a new league of nations. (680) | 134 | |
| 9897374056 | 20th C. Treaty of Versailles | 135 | ||
| 9897374057 | 20th C. Race Riots of 1919 | 136 | ||
| 9897383403 | 20th C. Henry Ford / Assembly Line / Interchangeable Parts | 137 | ||
| 9897387262 | 20th C. Marcus Garvey /Universal Negro Improvement Association | 138 | ||
| 9897387263 | 20th C. 18th Amendment | 139 | ||
| 9897392546 | 20th C. Prohibition | 140 | ||
| 9897397000 | 20th C. F. Scott Fitzgerald / Sinclair Lewis / Ernest Hemingway / William Faulkner | 141 | ||
| 9897401786 | 20th C. Harlem Renaissance | A creative outpouring among African-American writers, jazz musicians, and social thinkers, centered around Harlem in the 1920s, that celebrated black culture and advocated for a "New Negro" in American social, political, and intellectual life. (724) | 142 | |
| 9897416302 | 20th C. Sacco and Vanzetti | 143 | ||
| 9897425338 | 20th C. National Origins Act | 144 | ||
| 9897425339 | 20th C. Scopes "Monkey" Trial | 145 | ||
| 9897427698 | 20th C. The Jazz Singer | 146 | ||
| 9897432288 | 20th C. "Lucky Lindy" Charles Lindbergh / Spirit of St. Louis | 147 | ||
| 9897432289 | 20th C. Herbert Hoover | 148 | ||
| 9897434147 | 20th C. October 10, 1929 | 149 | ||
| 9897438607 | 20th C. Bonus March | 150 | ||
| 9897438608 | 20th C. The Dust Bowl | 151 | ||
| 9897440665 | 20th C. Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 152 | ||
| 9897479940 | 20th C. New Deal | 153 |
