AP US History Chapter 22 People Flashcards
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| 8512271789 | A. Mitchell Palmer | Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare. |  | 0 |
| 8512271790 | Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti | Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder despite scarce evidence against them. |  | 1 |
| 8512273846 | Henry Ford | 2 | ||
| 8512271791 | Leo Frank | He was a Jewish superintendent of a company that was charged with the murder of a 14 year old girl. He was at first sentenced to be hanged, but the sentence was changed to life in prison. Soon, armed men broke into the prison and lynched him. |  | 3 |
| 8512271792 | Zora Neale Hurston | African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance. |  | 4 |
| 8512271793 | Louis Armstrong | Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians. |  | 5 |
| 8512271794 | Marcus Garvey | Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business. |  | 6 |
| 8512271795 | Adolph Zukor | Hungarian immigrant that became a very successful movie maker. |  | 7 |
AP US History: Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 7435128151 | Predestination | Doctrine that states some people will be damned and others will be salvaged; cannot be altered | 0 | |
| 7435128152 | Puritans | English settlers who wanted to purify the Church of England | 1 | |
| 7435128153 | Separatists | People who wanted to separate from the Church of England | 2 | |
| 7435131548 | Mayflower Compact | Document explain how once the Pilgrims land into New England, government must be made and gov't must listen to the people it governs | 3 | |
| 7435133560 | Massachusetts Bay Company | Joint-stock company that allowed Puritans to go to New England | 4 | |
| 7435136799 | Fundamental Orders | Established a democracy in Connecticut | 5 | |
| 7435136800 | Navigation laws | Laws that restricted America's trade with countries not under England's rule | 6 | |
| 7435141133 | Salutary neglect | Period in which England did not enforce their laws onto the colonies, they began to prosper | 7 | |
| 7435143757 | Martin Luther | 95 Theses Denounced authority of priests/popes | 8 | |
| 7435143758 | William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth | 9 | |
| 7435147218 | John Winthrop | Early governor of the Puritans | 10 | |
| 7435147219 | Anne Hutchinson | Against Puritan religion and colony, sent to Rhode Island to die | 11 | |
| 7435150131 | Roger Williams | Believed in religious tolerance Started first Baptist church in the Americas May have been first active abolitionist Founded Rhode Island when banned from Puritans | 12 | |
| 7435150132 | Massasoit | The Native American chief whomst signed a peace treaty with the Pilgrims;;;;;;;;;thanksgiving | 13 | |
| 7435168343 | William Penn | Founder of Pennsylvania Encouraged religious freedom/tolerance | 14 |
Flashcards
AP US History #1 Flashcards
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| 5371186480 | Walter Raleigh | Founder of England's first American colony. (Roanoke, it failed) |  | 0 |
| 5371186481 | Elizabeth I | English Queen during golden age. Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. |  | 1 |
| 5371186482 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |  | 2 |
| 5371186483 | Pocahontas | a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown. Marriage to John Rolfe = first interracial union in america= Peace settlement ending the Anglo-Powhatan War |  | 3 |
| 5371186484 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. |  | 4 |
| 5371186485 | Defeat of the Spanish Armada | 1588 by Elizabeth 1 of England, English naval supremacy. |  | 5 |
| 5371186486 | john smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. |  | 6 |
| 5371186487 | Jamestown | Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London.elected Captain John Smith as their leader. |  | 7 |
| 5371186488 | Thomas Dale | Made governor of Jamestown after John Smith, stern, didn't believe in laziness, created daily schedule |  | 8 |
| 5371186489 | John Calvin | INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION: emphasized predestination and he rejected the medieval Church. he believed that the church and state should be united under the Calvinist faith |  | 9 |
| 5371186490 | John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" (covenant theology) |  | 10 |
| 5371186491 | Peter Stuyvesant | The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (netherland?), hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664. |  | 11 |
| 5371186492 | Anne Hutchinson | A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Rode Island, killed by indians |  | 12 |
| 5371186493 | King Phillips War | Started over land ownership disagreements. The War Between the Puritans and the Pequot, Narragansett,Wampanog, and Nipmunk indians. armed indians in raiding NE towns, eng & allies won, survivors fled N, increase indian hate |  | 13 |
| 5371186494 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. |  | 14 |
| 5371186495 | Dominion of New england | 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros) Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for more efficient administration of English Navigation Laws, as well as a better defense system. |  | 15 |
| 5371186496 | New England Confederation | New England colonists (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth) formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. |  | 16 |
| 5371186497 | Patroonships | Vast estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch. They had difficulty attracting peasant labor, and most were not successful. |  | 17 |
| 5371186498 | William Penn | Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) |  | 18 |
| 5371186499 | Jeremiads | Puritan preachers Taking their cue from the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety.Scared people off, decline of puritanism |  | 19 |
| 5371186500 | Glorious Revolution 1688 | Bloodless overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders. |  | 20 |
| 5371186501 | Great Puritan Migration | Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Eg 1630 group of puritans led by john winthrop found MA Bay Colony |  | 21 |
| 5371186502 | Treaty of Utrecht | 1713, ended Queen Ann's War, transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland |  | 22 |
| 5371186503 | Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured servants in Virginia revolt against gov and landowners (origionally over lack of protection from indians on frontier). burn Jamestown. look to african slaves as less troublesome source of labor |  | 23 |
| 5371186504 | Middle passage | the middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas |  | 24 |
| 5371186505 | Salem witch trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Terrible mistake, shows social tensions, decline of puritanism. |  | 25 |
| 5371186506 | half way covenant | response to decline of puritanism. The puritan practice where by parents who had been baptized but had not yet experienced conversion could bring their children before the church and have them baptized.weakend distinction between "elect" and others- dramatizied the difficulty of maintainignreligious devotion |  | 26 |
| 5371186507 | headright system | Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |  | 27 |
| 5371186508 | Leisler's rebellion | uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which militia capitani seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops sent by James' successor, William III. |  | 28 |
| 5371186509 | Triangular Trade | Illegal trade created to generate money to buy english goods.The backbone of New England's economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum. |  | 29 |
| 5371186510 | First Great Awakening | 1st grassroots american social movement.series of revivals making church more emotional. Old lights (against) new lights (for). results: democratic, new denominations (meth and bapt), more choice, colleges, old clergy looses prestige |  | 30 |
| 5371186511 | George Whitefield | Most influentian new light speaker during first great awakening |  | 31 |
| 5371186512 | Jonathon edwards | New light preatcher who started the first Great awakening |  | 32 |
| 5371186513 | John Peter Zenger | "Zenger case", Newspaperman thrown in jail for accusing his colony's governor of wrongdoing, Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found innocent |  | 33 |
| 5371186514 | Paxton Revolt | They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. |  | 34 |
| 5371186515 | Phyllis Wheatley | 1st important African american writer. Abolitionists later point to her as proof that they are intellectually equal |  | 35 |
| 5371186516 | William Pitt | The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. |  | 36 |
| 5371186517 | Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the French and Indian (7yrs) war. Britian dominated, French kicked out of N america |  | 37 |
| 5371186518 | Pontiac's Rebellion | After French and Indian War, Indian chief gathered tribes in Ohio river valley to attack british forts. Squashed. Led to brit issuing proclamation of 1763 |  | 38 |
| 5371186519 | Proclamation of 1763 | After 7yrs war and Pontiac's rebellion.A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. |  | 39 |
| 5371186520 | Samuel de Champlain | Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France, founder of Quebec. The major role Champlain played in the St Lawrence River area earned him the title of "father of New France." |  | 40 |
| 5371186521 | Albany Congress | 1754 congress between Iriquois and 7 colonies. Ensure continued Iriquoi loyalty to colonies (immediate) colonial unity (long termish) |  | 41 |
| 5371186522 | Battle of Quebec | (1759) British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quebec. The surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America. |  | 42 |
| 5371186523 | Mercantilism | economic theory, colonies exist for benefit of mother country, collect gold and silver, buy more goods that you sell |  | 43 |
| 5371186524 | George Grenville | Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. also tried to tax them |  | 44 |
| 5371186525 | Sugar Act | 1764. England needed more money because it went into debt from the Fr&Ind. war. taxed colonists. Justification was that it was them paying for protection. replaced the molasses act which placed 3 pence tax on each gallon of molasses |  | 45 |
| 5371186526 | Quartering Act 1765 | Revenge on Mass. for Boston Tea Party. Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies. |  | 46 |
| 5371186527 | Stamp Act | an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents |  | 47 |
| 5371186528 | Declaratory Act | Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. |  | 48 |
| 5371186529 | Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea |  | 49 |
| 5371186530 | Boston Massacre | The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five americans |  | 50 |
| 5371186531 | Committees of Correspondence | Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies |  | 51 |
| 5371186532 | Intolerable Acts | in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses |  | 52 |
| 5371186533 | Quebec Act | 1774 Same time as intolerable acts., designed to facilitate the incorporation of French Canadians into British America; Colonists feared a precedent had been established in the nonrepresentative government in Quebec; they resented the expansion of Quebec's territory, which they had been denied access by the Proclamation of 1763; they were offended by the Crown's recognition of Catholicism, since most Americans were Protestants |  | 53 |
| 5371186534 | Samuel Adams | Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence |  | 54 |
| 5371186535 | The Association | A document produced by the 1st Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods. This included non-importation, non-exportation and non-consumption. It was the closest approach to a written constitution yet from the colonies. It was hoped to bring back the days before Parliamentary taxation. Those who violated The Association in America were tarred and feathered |  | 55 |
| 5371186536 | Battles of Lexington and Concord | Initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston |  | 56 |
| 5371186537 | Olive Branch Petition | 2nd contenential congress. Still pledge loyalty to King George III but are still asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and British troops out of the colonies; George 3 didn't want anything to do with them and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion |  | 57 |
| 5371186538 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. |  | 58 |
| 5371186539 | John Hancock | Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence. |  | 59 |
| 5371186540 | Bunker Hill | strategic place overlooking Boston; on June 13, 1775 the Britians attacked, eventually winning with more supplies; Americans hold their ground and kill lots of british. After this Geroge III declares colonies in rebellion. |  | 60 |
| 5371186541 | Benedict Arnold | Successful American general during the Revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause. |  | 61 |
| 5371186542 | Thomas Paine | Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. "no smaller heavenly body controls a larger one" "our duty to set up republican democracy" etc. Later wrote "the crisis" |  | 62 |
| 5371186543 | George III | King of England during the American Revolution. Good man but bad king. wanted arbitrary power over colonies |  | 63 |
| 5371186544 | Battle of Saratoga | American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution. |  | 64 |
| 5371186545 | Chief Joseph Brant | Pro-British Mohawk leader that devastated New York and Pennsylvania frontiers in 1778. Led Inidian resistance against white settlement. Organized the northwestern Indians in an alliance. |  | 65 |
| 5371186546 | Battle of Trenton | On Christmas, Washingtons soilders cross the Deleware at night and surprise Hessians. Americans win |  | 66 |
| 5371186547 | Ben Franklin | A delegate from Pennsylvania and proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen colonies.sent to france to get alliance (LOVED by people there), negotiated treaty of paris, part of constitutional convention etc. |  | 67 |
| 5371186548 | Battle of Yorktown | Sept 1781. British (general Cornwallis) surrendered, ending the war |  | 68 |
| 5371186549 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | 1783 Februrary 3; American delegates Franklin, Adams, John Jays; they were instructed to follow the lead of France; John Jay makes side treaty with England; Independence of the US End of Loyalist persecution; colonies still had to repay its debt to England. America very lucky |  | 69 |
Flashcards
AP US History Period 7 (1890-1945) Flashcards
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| 6388633327 | The Great Depression | The deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. |  | 0 |
| 6388633328 | Progressive Era | A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s. |  | 1 |
| 6388633329 | Prohibition | A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933. |  | 2 |
| 6388633330 | Women's suffrage | The women's right to vote, granted by the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920). |  | 3 |
| 6388633331 | preservationists | Those who attempt to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans. |  | 4 |
| 6388633332 | conservationists | Those who advocate for the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits, both -- renewable and non-renewable. | | 5 |
| 6388633333 | Welfare State | A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. |  | 6 |
| 6388633334 | Liberalism | A viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state. |  | 7 |
| 6388633335 | mass media | Diversified mediatechnologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. |  | 8 |
| 6388633336 | The Great Migration | The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. |  | 9 |
| 6388633337 | imperialist | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |  | 10 |
| 6388633338 | isolationism | A category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations' best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance. |  | 11 |
| 6388633339 | Spanish-American War | A conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor leading to American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. |  | 12 |
| 6388633340 | Treaty of Versailles | One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. |  | 13 |
| 6388633341 | League of Nations | An intergovernmental organization founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It lacked an armed force to enforce policy and was not joined by the United States. |  | 14 |
| 6388633342 | fascism | An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. |  | 15 |
| 6388633343 | totalitarianism | A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. |  | 16 |
| 6388633344 | Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II. |  | 17 |
| 6388633345 | Allied Powers | U.S., Britain, France, which were allied before and during World War II. |  | 18 |
| 6388633346 | Nazi Concentration Camp | A guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents. Primarily Jewish Europeans during WWII. |  | 19 |
| 6388633347 | Holocaust | A genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews and members from other fringe social groups during World War II. |  | 20 |
| 6388633348 | Internment of Japanese Americans | Forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the U.S. of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who had lived on the Pacific coast. |  | 21 |
| 6388633349 | Pacific "Island Hopping" | A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan. |  | 22 |
| 6388633350 | D-Day | The landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. |  | 23 |
| 6388633351 | atomic bomb | A "fission" bomb dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima at the end of World War II. |  | 24 |
| 6388633352 | americanization | The process of assimilating American character, manner, ideals, culture, and so on. |  | 25 |
| 6388633353 | sphere of influence | The territory of weaker states where a powerful state exercises the dominant control. |  | 26 |
| 6388633354 | partition | In politics, the act of dividing a weaker territory or government among several more powerful states. |  | 27 |
| 6388633355 | bellicose | Disposed to fight or go to war. |  | 28 |
| 6388633356 | banana republic | A disparaging term for the small nations of Central America, with particular reference to their political instability and poor, single-crop economies. |  | 29 |
| 6388633357 | progressive | In politics, one who believes in continuing progress, improvement, or reform. |  | 30 |
| 6388633359 | direct primary | In politics, the nomination of a party's candidates for office through a special election of that party's voters. |  | 31 |
| 6388633360 | initiative | In politics, the procedure whereby voters can, through petition, present proposed legislation directly to the electorate. |  | 32 |
| 6388633361 | referendum | The submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct vote of the electorate. |  | 33 |
| 6388633362 | recall | In politics, a procedure for removing an official from office through popular election or other means. |  | 34 |
| 6388633363 | insubordination | Deliberate disobedience to proper authority. |  | 35 |
| 6388633364 | entrepreneurship | The process whereby an individual initiates a business at some risk in order to expand it and thereby earn a profit. |  | 36 |
| 6388633370 | Northern Securities Co. v. U. S. (1904) | Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. |  | 37 |
| 6388633371 | Muller v. Oregon (1908) | First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns. |  | 38 |
| 6388633372 | Schenck v. U. S. (1919) | Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a "clear and present danger." |  | 39 |
| 6388633373 | Korematsu v. U. S. (1941) | The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2. |  | 40 |
| 6388633374 | belligerent | (adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war |  | 41 |
| 6388633375 | Open Door Policy | The policy that China should be open to trade with all of the major powers, and that all, including the United States, should have equal right to trade there. This was the official American position toward China as announced by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899. |  | 42 |
| 6388633376 | socialism | An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange. |  | 43 |
| 6388633377 | Eugene Debs | Prominent socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike |  | 44 |
| 6388633378 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force. |  | 45 |
| 6388633379 | Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity. |  | 46 |
| 6388633380 | Pure Food and Drug Act | Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. |  | 47 |
| 6388633381 | Teddy Roosevelt | Twenty-sixth president of the United States; he focused his efforts on trust busting, environment conservation, and strong foreign policy. |  | 48 |
| 6388633382 | William Taft | 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. |  | 49 |
| 6388633383 | Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers |  | 50 |
| 6388633384 | segregation | Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Common in the South after the Civil War through the 1960s. |  | 51 |
| 6388633385 | Harlem Renaissance | Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement. |  | 52 |
| 6388633386 | Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations. |  | 53 |
| 6388633387 | Red Scare | A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities. Periods of Red Scare occurred after both World Wars in the United States. |  | 54 |
| 6388633388 | Sedition Act | A law passed by Congress in 1918 (during World War I) to make it illegal to say anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort in WWI. Seen as a military necessity by some for effectively fighting in WWI. |  | 55 |
| 6388633389 | Emergency Quota Act | A government legislation that limited the number of immigrants from Europe which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the U.S. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals. |  | 56 |
| 6388633390 | Scopes Trial | Also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial; 1925 court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated. Highlighted the growing divide between rural (more conservative) and urban (more liberal) interests in the United States. |  | 57 |
| 6388633391 | Sacco and Vanzetti Trial | Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. |  | 58 |
| 6388633392 | Kellog-Briand Pact | Idealistic agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another. |  | 59 |
| 6388633393 | Herbert Hoover | Republican president at the outset of the Great Depression. As a Republican, he believed that the federal government should not interfere in economic problems; the severity of the Great Depression forced his hand to provide some federal assistance to those in need, but he mostly left these efforts to the states. |  | 60 |
| 6388633394 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff | One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high. |  | 61 |
| 6388633395 | Platt Amendment | This amendment to the new Cuban constitution authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make treates with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay. |  | 62 |
| 6388633396 | Indian Reorganization Act | Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. |  | 63 |
| 6388633397 | Zoot Suit Riots | A series of riots in 1944 during World War II that broke out in Los Angeles, California, between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored. |  | 64 |
| 6388633398 | Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War. |  | 65 |
| 6388633399 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925). |  | 66 |
| 6388633400 | Woodrow Wilson | (1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. |  | 67 |
| 6388633401 | United Nations | An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation. |  | 68 |
| 6388633402 | communism | A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. |  | 69 |
| 6388633403 | Bolshevik Revolution | The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life. |  | 70 |
AP US History Period 3, 1754-1800 Flashcards
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| 6733883118 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. It included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and ending the perceived abuses of the church and state |  | 0 |
| 6733883119 | Benjamin Franklin | One of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. |  | 1 |
| 6733883120 | The Patriot Movement | Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists." |  | 2 |
| 6733883121 | The Declaration of Independence | the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. |  | 3 |
| 6733883123 | Legislative Branch | The branch of government tasked with writing laws. |  | 4 |
| 6733883124 | Judicial Branch | The branch of government tasked with interpreting laws. | | 5 |
| 6733883125 | Executive Branch | The branch of government tasked with enforcing laws. | | 6 |
| 6733883126 | The Articles of Confederation | An agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America. |  | 7 |
| 6733883127 | Constitutional Convention | took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although this was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States. |  | 8 |
| 6733883128 | Federalism | a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. |  | 9 |
| 6733883129 | Separation of Powers | Inspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. |  | 10 |
| 6733883130 | The Federalist Papers | a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. |  | 11 |
| 6733883131 | Alexander Hamilton | Founder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury |  | 12 |
| 6733883132 | James Madison | Co-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States |  | 13 |
| 6733883133 | Bill of Rights | the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. |  | 14 |
| 6733883134 | Democratic-Republican Party | formed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized,democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution. |  | 15 |
| 6733883135 | The Northwest Ordinance | created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation. |  | 16 |
| 6733883136 | French Revolution | a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. It overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. |  | 17 |
| 6733883137 | Popular Sovereignty | the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power. |  | 18 |
| 6733883138 | protective tariffs | Taxes places on imported goods, often to raise prices and thus protect domestic producers. |  | 19 |
| 6733883139 | virtual representation | The political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote. |  | 20 |
| 6733883140 | boycott | An organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product. |  | 21 |
| 6733883141 | isolationist | Concerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in foreign affairs, especially through alliances or wars. |  | 22 |
| 6733883142 | ratification | The confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval. |  | 23 |
| 6733883145 | bicameral | Referring to a legislative body with two houses |  | 24 |
| 6733883146 | cabinet | The body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments. |  | 25 |
| 6733883148 | excise | A tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products. |  | 26 |
| 6733883149 | impressment | To force people or property into public service without choice. |  | 27 |
| 6733883150 | nullification | In American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty. |  | 28 |
| 6733883151 | Alien Sedition Acts | deport foreigners deemed dangerous and arrest anyone speaking against government | 29 | |
| 6733883152 | GW Farewell Address | Warns of political parties and europe/permanent alliances | 30 | |
| 6733883153 | Whiskey Rebellion | Displayed power of new constitution with putting down disorder. | 31 | |
| 6733883154 | XYZ Affair | France hold meetings hostage for tribute, angers Adams | 32 | |
| 6733883155 | John Jay Treaty | Britain said they'd leave interior but didnt promise impressment would stop or that theyd stop trading with Native Americans. | 33 | |
| 6733883156 | Hamilton Debt Plan | Gov Assumes all state debt and taxes all imports and states to pay it off. Debt shared by all to get America on sound financial footing | 34 | |
| 6733883157 | National Bank of US | Hamilton aimed to create a standard reliable predictable currency and fix problem of inflation | 35 |
AP US History Unit 4 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5302873044 | John Deere | 1837 - produced a steel plow that broke the virgin soil of the West; sharp, effective, and light enough to be pulled by horses rather than oxen. | 0 | |
| 5302873045 | Sam Slater & Slater's Mill | 1791 - Rhode Island; "Father of the Factory System", British mechanic who memorized the plans for a textile machine in England and escaped to America. The first textile mill was on Blackstone River. | 1 | |
| 5302873046 | Eli Whitney | 1793 - Invented the cotton gin, 50x more efficient than the hand picking process. Made the raising of cotton profitable. South produced the cotton which was then used by the North. Reinvigorated the need for slaves again. | 2 | |
| 5302873047 | Cyrus McCormick | 1830's - Contributed a horse-drawn mechanical power-reaper. Was the " cotton gin to the Western farmers." Reduced the need from 5 men to 1 man; Plow men scrambled to plant more fields of wheat. | 3 | |
| 5302873048 | Erie Canal | 1817-1825 - Dug by New-Yorkers led by Governor Dewitt Clinton, without federal aid. Linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. "Clinton's Big Ditch" stretched 363 miles. Reduced the cost and time of shipping; values of nearby land skyrocketed. New cities emerged. | 4 | |
| 5302873049 | Lowell, Massachusetts | "Showplace Factory" of the Boston Associates. Workers were primarily New England farm girls supervised both on and off the job. Stayed in company boardinghouses and were escorted regularly to church. Forbidden to form unions. Worked six days a week, 12-13 hour days, received low wages, and dealt with grueling work conditions. | 5 | |
| 5302873050 | "Cult of Domesticity" | Described the role of women, seen as fragile beings, that should do housework and other domestic activities. Women were guardians of hearth and home. Domestic feminism described the increasing power of women in the home. Smaller families became a woman's choice. | 6 | |
| 5302873051 | Seneca Falls Convention & Declaration of Sentiments (DoS) | 1848 - Seneca Falls, NY. Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a DoS which in the spirit of the DoI declared that "all men and women are created equal." One resolution formally demanded women's suffrage. Launched the modern women's rights movement. | 7 | |
| 5302873052 | 2nd Great Awakening | Larger than the first but almost a hundered years later. Countless converted; shattered and reorganized churches; numerous sects, "camp meetings." Methodists and Baptists reaped the most; stressed personal conversion. | 8 | |
| 5302873053 | Charles Grandison Finney | The greatest preacher of the 2nd Great Awakening. Trained as a lawyer but became a minister. 1830 and 1831, led massive revivals in NY. Denounced alcohol and slavery. President of Oberlin College. | 9 | |
| 5302873054 | Transcendetalist Movement | 1830's - Believed that truth "transcends" the senses and that every person possesses an inner light that can put him or her in direct touch with God or the "oversoul". Individualistic, nature-based, intuitive. Examples: Ralph Waldo Emerson, David Thoreau, Whitman | 10 | |
| 5302873055 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Best known transcendentalist from Boston. Trained as a unitarian minister. Outspoken critic of slavery. | 11 | |
| 5302873056 | Dartmouth College vs. Woodward | 1819 - The college had been granted a charter by King Henry III in 1769, but NH saw fit to change it. Marshall ruled that the original charter must stand. Safeguarded business enterprise by sanctifying contracts. | 12 | |
| 5302873057 | McCulloch vs. ML | 1819 - ML attempted to destroy a branch of the Bank of the US by imposing a tax on its notes. John Marshall ruled against ML: "The power to tax is the power to destroy" which strengthened Federal authority. | 13 | |
| 5302873058 | Gibbons vs. Ogden | 1824 - "Steamboat Case." NY attempted to monopolize waterborne commerce between NY and NJ; Marshall reminded the state that the Constitution conferred on Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. A blow to states' Rights. | 14 | |
| 5302873059 | Marbury vs. Madison | 1803 - The principle of judicial review - the ability of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional - is established. | 15 | |
| 5302873060 | LA Purchase | 1803 - Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy New Orleans and as much land to the east as they could, for a maximum of $10 million. If this failed, they were to seek an alliance with Britain. Napoleon decided to sell all of LA. Treaties were signed on Apr. 30, 1803: France ceded LA to the US for $15 million, which doubled the size of the US. | 16 | |
| 5302873061 | Embargo Act | Jefferson orders complete cessation of foreign trade in response to British attacks on our shipping. Disaster! Replaced with the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809 - substitute for the Embargo Act; formally reopened trade with all nations of the world except Britain and France. | 17 | |
| 5302873062 | Hartford Convention & Death of the Federalists | Convention in Hartford, CT called for by Mass. when the capture of New Orleans seemed imminent; demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade; proposed constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states could be admitted or war was declared; one term presidency; no consecutive presidents from the same states. Disgraced with the Treaty of Ghent. | 18 | |
| 5302873063 | Era of Good Feelings | One party (Democratic Republicans) presided over by James Monroe. He was greeted warmly everywhere, even in New England. | 19 | |
| 5302873064 | Missouri Compromise | 1820 - Congress agreed to admit MO as a slave state, Maine as a separate free state and prohibited slavery in the remainder of the LA Purchase north of 36°30'. | 20 | |
| 5302873065 | Monroe Doctrine | 1823 - James Monroe's warning to Eu. powers in his annual message to Congress on Dec. 2, 1823: called for non-colonization and nonintervention by Eu. powers in the Western Hemisphere. Questionable legality. | 21 | |
| 5302873066 | Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 (Transcontinental Treaty) | Spain ceded FL and its claim to OR in exchange for the US ceding its claim to TX (soon to become part of independent Mexico). | 22 | |
| 5302873067 | Treaty of 1818 | Negotiated by the Monroe administration with Britain: permitted Americans to share the coveted Newfoundland fisheries with their Canadian cousin; fixed the vague northern limits of LA along the 49th parallel from the Lake of the Woods (in Minnesota) to the Rocky Mountains; provided for a 10 year joint occupation of the OR Country without surrender from either side. | 23 | |
| 5302873068 | Cherokees of Georgia | Considered one of the five "civilized" tribes. Made remarkable efforts to learn White ways: were slaveholders; adopted the system of settled culture and private property; the Indian Sequoyah devised a Cherokee alphabet. In 1808, the Cherokee National Council legislated a written code; 1827, adopted a written constitution for executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. | 24 | |
| 5302873069 | Indian Removal Act of 1830 | Provided for the transplanting of all Indian tribes then residents east of the Mississippi. Primarily affected the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw, and Seminole). | 25 | |
| 5302873070 | Trail of Tears | Refers specifically to the removal of the Cherokee Indians, even after their attempts to adapt to American culture and their successful Supreme Court case against GA. US Army forcibly removed 15,000 Cherokee from SE US and marched them to Indian Territory (OK). ~4,000 died on the 116-day journey. | 26 | |
| 5302873071 | Tariff of 1828 and Nullification | "Black Tariff""Tariff of Abominations" Very high tariff to protect manufacturing. People of the South were heavy consumers of manufactured goods, but did little manufacturing themselves, so they hated the tariff. Joh Calhoun of SC led the protesting and in 1828 published "The South Carolina Exposition", which proposed that states nullify the tariff. Jackson threatened them with force. | 27 | |
| 5302873072 | Whigs | New national party that formed from various groups who did not like "KJing Andrew" Jackson in the late 1820's. Highly nationalistic. Leaders were Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. They had a lot in common with the Federalists; they supported a strong central government, national bank, etc. Associated with Clay's American System. | 28 | |
| 5302873073 | The American System | 1824 - Heightened nationalism. Planned program of Henry Clay and the Whig Party. It had three parts to develop a profitable home market: a strong central banking system to provide easy and abundant credit; a protective tariff so that Eastern manufacturing would flourish; and a network of roads and canals, especially in the OH Valley, to increase the flow of food stuffs and raw materials. | 29 | |
| 5302873074 | Bank of the US | The principal depository of government funds and controller of much of its gold and silver. "Bank War" began when Henry Clay presented the early renewal of its charter to Congress, expecting Jackson to veto it and lose the election. Jackson deemed the Bank unconstitutional and the general public agreed with his veto. Burn, Clay! | 30 | |
| 5302873075 | Recognition of Texas | TX was recognized by the US as "The Lone Star Republic" in 1837. TX officially petitioned for annexation in 1837 but was not initially admitted as a state because it would have heightened the slavery issue. | 31 |
AP US History: Chapter 26 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5910114285 | Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | The U.S. government intensified its efforts by herding Indians into still smaller and smaller reservations. | 0 | |
| 5910116762 | Sand Creek Massacre, 1864 | Colonel J. M. Chivington's massacred some four hundred Indians in cold blood. | 1 | |
| 5910116763 | Custer's Last Stand, 1876 | 2 | ||
| 5910119812 | Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce, 1877 | 3 | ||
| 5910119813 | Geronimo and the Apache | 4 | ||
| 5910122961 | Helen Hunt Jackson | 5 | ||
| 5910124238 | Battle of Wounded Knee | 6 | ||
| 5910126219 | Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 | 7 | ||
| 5910127917 | Carlisle Indian School, 1879 | 8 | ||
| 5910130680 | Comstock Lode, 1859 | 9 | ||
| 5910130681 | Long Drives, 1866-1888 | 10 | ||
| 5910133621 | Homestead Act, 1862 | 11 | ||
| 5910133622 | Sodbusters | 12 | ||
| 5910135528 | 100th meridian | 13 | ||
| 5910135529 | John Wesley Powell | 14 | ||
| 5910137232 | Joseph F. Glidden | 15 | ||
| 5910137233 | Oklahoma Sooners | 16 | ||
| 5910140239 | Frederick Jackson Turner | 17 | ||
| 5910140240 | National Grange, 1867 | 18 | ||
| 5910142807 | Greenback Labor Party, 1878 | 19 | ||
| 5910142808 | Farmers Alliance, late 1880s | 20 | ||
| 5910146330 | People's Party (Populists) | 21 | ||
| 5910148720 | Coin's Financial School, 1894 | 22 | ||
| 5910148721 | James B. Weaver | 23 | ||
| 5910148722 | Panic of 1893 | 24 | ||
| 5910151542 | Coxey's Army, 1894 | 25 | ||
| 5910153785 | J. P. Morgan, 1895 | 26 | ||
| 5910153786 | Pullman Strike, 1894 | 27 | ||
| 5910156513 | Eugene V. Debs | 28 | ||
| 5910156514 | Gov. John Altgeld | 29 | ||
| 5910158831 | Richard Olney | 30 | ||
| 5910158832 | William Jennings Bryan | 31 | ||
| 5910164294 | Cross of Gold Speech | 32 |
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