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AP Language Vocab Flashcards Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6339399926AestheticOf, relating to, or dealing with the beautiful. Pleasing in appearance.0
6339401860EbullientBoiling. Cheerful and full of energy.1
6339406082IndefatigablePersisting tirelessly.2
6339408526LexiconThe vocabulary of a language, an individual speaker, or subject3
6339410295SanguineOptimistic or positive, especially in a bad situation.4
6339421751Transcendentalismin order to understand the nature of reality, one must first examine and analyze the reasoning process that governs the nature of experience.5
6339437983AmoralHaving or showing no concern about whether behavior is morally right or wrong6
6339442986AnalogousSusceptible of comparison either in general or in some specific detail7
6339450761AphorismA concise statement of a principle8
6339451849ApprobationCommendation, praise9
6339451850Avant-gardeAn intelligentsia that develops new or experimental concepts especially in the arts10
6339456470CensorA person who supervises conduct and morals11
6339457832CertitudeThe act of being or feeling certain12
6339459197ChurlishMarked by a lack of civility or graciousness13
6339460357CircumspectionCareful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences14
6339461688ConjectureObsolete. Inference or conclusion formed without proof or evidence.15
6339463488ContrivedHaving an unnatural or false appearance or quality16
6339465607CynicalCaptious, peevish17
6339466696DiminutiveOne that is notably small18
6339467702DogmaSomething held as an established opinion19
6339467703ElegiacOf, relating to, or comprising of an elegy; especially expression sorrow often for something now past20
6339471900EmpathyThe action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings and thoughts of another.21
6339480884EnervatedLacking physical, mental, or moral vigor22
6339482810EnigmaticOf, relating to, or resembling an enigma; mysterious23
6339484411EphemeralLasting a very short time, often time one day only24
6339485996EpitomizeTo serve as the typical or ideal example of25
6339487136EquanimityEvenness of mind especially under stress26
6339488893EquitableHaving or exhibiting equity, dealing fairly and equally with all concerned27
6339504477EruditeHaving or showing knowledge that is gained by studying28
6339505668ExpedientSuitable for achieving a particular end in a given circumstance29
6339506957ExtrinsicNot forming part or belonging to a thing30
6339507986ExuberanceThe quality of or state of being joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic31
6339510110FatuousComplacently or inanely foolish32
6339511882GuileDeceitful cunning33
6339513362HomologousHaving the same relative position, value, or structure34
6339514616IdeologueAn impractical idealist35
6339514617IndignantFeeling or showing anger because of something unjust or unworthy36
6339517491IllicitNot permitted37
6339518909ImperiousCommanding, dominant38
6339518910IncredulousUnwilling to admit or accept what is offered as true39
6339520664IneptitudeIncompetence40
6339522161InscrutableNot readily investigated, interpreted, or understood41
6339524344IntrinsicBelonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing42
6339529403InvectiveOf, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse43
6339531029IroncladSo firm or secure as to be unbreakable44
6339532204JudiciousHaving, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment45
6339533730MagnanimityLoftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a noble generosity46
6339537188MayhemWillful and permanent deprivation of a bodily member resulting in the impairment of a person's fighting ability47
6339539840ModicumA small portion, limited quantity48
6339540953ObliqueNot straightforward49
6339541905ParadigmAn outstandingly clear or typical example50
6339543329PaucitySmallness of number51
6339543330PolemicalAn aggressive attack on or refutation of the opinions or principles of another52
6339547623Prodigy/ProdigalAn extraordinary, marvelous, or unusual accomplishment, deed, or event53
6339557962RibaldCrude, offensive54
6339557963ServileOf or befitting a slave or a menial position55
6339561044SpeculativeInvolving, based on, or constituting intellectual speculation56
6339567655StridentCharacterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound57
6339572047SymbiosisA cooperative relationship58
6339573174SynchronicityThe coincidental occurrence of events and especially psychic events59
6339574683TorporA state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or total insensibility60
6339576296TreatiseA systematic exposition or argument in writing including a methodical discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions reached61
6339579751UncannyBeyond what is normal or expected62
6339581019VituperativeUttering or given to censure containing verbal abuse63
6339582828WistfulFull of yearning or desire tinged with melancholy64
6339585084WryBent, twisted, or turned usually abnormally to one side65
6339591176SynesthasiaDescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another66

AP Language November Flashcards

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5277607532parallelismThe similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.0
5277618072ironyA literary device that uses contradictory statements or situations to reveal a reality different from what appears to be true.1
5277636868colloquialisma word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.2
5277640940apostropheA figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply3
5277646567invectiveViolent denunciation; accusations, insults, or verbal abuse4
5277660463epistropheA scheme in which the same word is repeated at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. Example: "I believe we should fight for justice. You believe we should fight for justice. How can we not, then, fight for justice?"5
5277668107chiasmusA statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ("Susan walked in, and out rushed Mary.")6
5277774887dichotomya division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different7
5277784139cognizantaware; conscious8
5277833259moratorium(n.) a suspension of activity; an official waiting period; an authorized period of delay9
5277843498unfetteredfree from restraint or restriction; free and open10
5278042556converselyIn an opposite way; on the other hand11
5278064159affluentRich, wealthy12
5278081321sublime(adj.) lofty, grand, exalted (The homeless man sadly pondered his former wealth and once sublime existence.)13
5278093891moderatePerson whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies14
5278116426antithesisBalancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure15
5278128424solidarityFellowship in interests, feelings, responsibilities, etc., such as among a group of people or among classes, nations, etc.16
5278137158adversarialInvolving or characterized by conflict or opposition17
5278141991anaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.18
5278144121zeugmaThe use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. He closed the door and his heart on his lost love.19

AP Psych: Language COPY Flashcards

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4819783733languagethe way we communicate meaning (spoken, written, or gestured) to ourselves and others0
4819783734phonemesthe smallest distinctive units of sound used in a language1
4819783735morphemesthe smallest units of meaning in a language2
4819783736grammarthe system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others3
4819783737semanticsthe set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences4
4819783738overregularizationoccurs when children apply a grammatical rule too widely and therefore created incorrect forms (I holded the door open for my friend)5
4819783739syntaxthe rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences6
4819783740receptive languagethe ability to understand language7
4819783741Wernicke's________________ area in the brain allows you to understand language8
4819783742productive languagethe ability to produce language9
4819783743Broca's________________ area in the brain allows you to produce language10
4819783744babblinguniversal noises made by babies around the age of four months11
4819783745holophraseone-word phrases babies make around the age of 12 months12
4819783746telegraphic speechtwo-word phrases babies make around the age of 24 months13
4819783747critical periodif children are not exposed to language before a certain age, they will be unable to acquire language14
4819783748universal grammarall human languages have the same grammatical building blocks, such as nouns, verbs, subjects, and objects15
4819783749language acquisition deviceinnate speech-enabling structures in the brain that allows us to learn language16
4819783750surface structurelearning ABCs, just the letters and layout of the words17
4819783751deep structurecombining words to make meanings18
4819783752linguistic determinismthinking affects our language, which in turn affects our thoughts19
4819783753B.F. Skinnerhe argues that language acquisition is based on the principles of operant conditioning (babies imitate sounds and then are reinforced; NURTURE POINT OF VIEW)20
4819783754Noam Chomskya linguist who argues that young children possess an innate capability to learn and produce speech; he believes that children in widely different cultures progress through the same stages of language development at about the same age and in the language acquisition device (NATURE POINT OF VEW)21
4819783755Benjamin Whorfa linguist who believed that a language does more than describe a person's culture; he argued that a person's language may also shape a person's thoughts and perceptions (linguistic determinism)22
4819783756Sultanchimpanzee who demonstrated insight by getting out-of-reach food with a stick23
4819783757Kokogorilla who cold sign over 1000 words (called Pinocchio a "baby elephant")24
4819783758Washoechimpanzee who could sign about 132 words; gave an interview to a New York Times reporter25
4819783759Kanzichimpanzee who roasted marshmallows26

AP Language Vocab Part 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4966435576Heresyopinion or doctrine at variance with the orthodox or accepted doctrine, especially of a church or religious system.0
4966438960Serendipityan aptitude for making desirable discoveries by accident.1
4966438961Venerateto respect2
4966441281Admonitorywarning3
4966441282Slovenlyfrequently untidy or unclean4
4966446340Indifferentwithout interest or concern; IDC5
4966446341Indolentslothful, lazy, not working6
4966446342Ruefulcausing sorrow or pity7
4966449755Maudlinweakly sentimental; foolishly sentimental8

AP Lit: Language & Sounds Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9874909785alliterationthe repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words0
9874909786assonancethe repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in stressed syllables1
9874911223cacophonysound effect that uses harsh and displeasing sounds2
9874911224connotationthe association developed by a word beyond its denotation or literal meaning3
9874912556consonancerepetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or importan words4
9874913371denotationthe literal meaning of a word5
9874913372dictiona speaker or author's word choice6
9874913916euphonysoft, pleasing sounds7
9874913917metonymya figure of speech in which one thing is represented by another that is commonly and often physically associated with it ('the pen (writing) is mightier than the sword (war/fighting)')8
9874915698synesthesiapresentation of one sense experience in terms usually associated with another sensation ('a loud color', 'a sweet sound')9

Ap English Language Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4829919298Active Voicewhen the subject performs the action0
4829935936AllusionWith all the lies he says, i'm surprised his nose doesn't grow like Pinocchio's1
4829945287Anecdoteshort story, usually serving to make the listeners laugh or ponder over a topic.2
4840039665Antecedentwhat precedes the pronoun3
4840041973comic reliefhumorous scene inserted in a serious story4
4840044130Diction5
4840045149colloquialordinary type of conversation6
4840048427connotationthe additional sense or meaning of a word7
4840048428denotationliteral meaning of the word8
4840048787jargonwords used in specific fields9
4840049315vernaculardialect spoken by a person from the same culture10
4840049316didacticintended to teach11
4840049317adagestatement expressing general truth12
4840049685allegorystory or poem with a hidden meaning13
4840049686aphorism14
5103658279ellipsisomission from speech or writing of a word15
4840051257euphemismusing words to convey something without saying it16
4840051258figurative languagelanguage that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation17
4840052125analogycomparison between two things, usually in the form of a story18
4840052126hyperboleehageration19
4840052951idiom20
4840052952metaphorcomparison made without the use of like or as21
4840053553metonymy22
4840053554synecdochefigure of speech in which the whole, or the opposite, is represented23
4840054375similecomparison using like or as24
4840054376synesthesiaimpression of a sense by a body part used to represent another scent25
4840054619personificationgiving an object or idea the ability to perform human acts26
4840055745foreshadowingprediction based on the usage or presence of certain words or phrases27
4840055746genrecategory of a work of art or literature28
4840056198gothictype of writing that involves dark scenery and ideas29
4840056199imagerydescription of an object or person using the five senses30
4840056598invectivespeech or writing that attacks31
4840056599ironywords used in a way that makes their intended meaning different from the actual meaning of the words.32
4840056600verbal ironywhen a person says or writes one thing and means another33
4840057594dramatic ironyIn a literary work, creating situations where audience knows more about the situations, the causes of conflicts and their resolutions before characters or actors.34
4840057595situational ironywhen a juxtaposition appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead.35
4840058175juxtapositiontwo words or phrases being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.36
4840058472mood37
4840058473motivereason behind an action38
4840058474oxymorona contradiction39
4840059139pacingcontrolling the speed of the work40
4840059140paradoxself-contradictory, but sometimes true41
4840059659parallelismsame structure between two parts of a phrase or multiple phrases42
4840059660anaphorarepetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an effect43
4840060500chiasmusrhetorical device in which two or more phrases or words are put against each other by their opposite structures to produce a certain effect44
4840060501antithesiswhen the literal is put with the oppsite45
4840061173zeugmausing one word to modify two other words46
4840061174parenthetical ideaqualifying or explanatory sentence, clause or word that writers insert into a paragraph or passage.47
4840062347personaa figurative mask, or an identity adopted by a character48
4840063762polysendetonwhich several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an effect.49
4840064175puna joke showing the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.50
4840064176rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.51
4840064656aristotle's rhetorical triangletriangle that shows the most effective ways to persuade52
4840069478hypophoraanswers question after asking it53
4840067183satirethe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.54
4840066590sarcasmthe use of irony to mock.55
4840070108rhetorical questionA question asked for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer56
4840070545appositive clauseA noun or pronoun that usually follows another noun or pronoun to describe or clearly identify the 1st one in some manner57
4840070913balanced sentenceA sentence where words, phrases, or clauses are put against each other to emphasize a contrast58
4840070917compound sentenceA sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions.59
4840071824complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause60
4840072119comulative sentence-an independent clause followed by a series of dependent clauses (contrast with periodic sentence)61
4840072842periodicA chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties62
4840072843simple sentenceA sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause63
4840075362declarativeMakes a statement64
4840075363imperativemakes a demand65
4840076591interrogativeAsks a question66
4840077136styleThe author's choices regarding language, sentence structure, voice, and tone in order to communicate with the reader.67
4840077137symbolAn object or action in a literary work that means more than itself, that stands for something beyond itself.68
4840077693syntax sentence varietydifferent types of sentences, length, and complexity69
4840077694themeCentral idea of a work of literature70
4840077696thesisFocus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.71
4840078051toneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.72
4840078418understatementnot expressing the full gravity of a situation73
4840078419litotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.74
4840079148argumentA single assertion presented and defended by the writer75
4840079483Aristotle's appealslogos, ethos, pathos76
4840080033concessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.77
4840080034conditional statementA statement that can be written in if-then form.78
4840082636contradictiona statement that is the opposite of another statement79
4840082637counterexamplean exception to a rule or claim80
4840083621deductive argumentan argument made from the conclusion of something known or assumed81
4840083622fallacyA false or mistaken idea82
4840084839ad hominemfocusing on ones physical flaws instead of the flaws in their argument83
4840084840appeal to authorityA fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.84
4840085496appeal to emotionPathos85
4840085975false analogyan argument using an inacurate metaphor86
4840086386false causea fallacy in which a speaker assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second87
4840086933hasty generalizationa fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence88
4840088441non sequitursomething that does not logically follow89
4840089152slippery slopeA fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented90
4840089153inductive argumentCreating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence they provide91
4840090547sound argumentan argument that is valid and has all true premises92
4840091313valid argumentan argument whose structure connects its reasons to its conclusions in a reliable manner93
4840091314warrantto justify94
4840091529qualifierwords like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely that are used to temper claims a bit, making them less absolute95

AP Language and Composition- Rhetorical Modes of Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8277573778NarrationTelling a story or recounting a series of events, may be real or fictional, usually governed by chronology, and must support a thesis0
8277573779DescriptionSimilar to narration in its use of concrete details, differs from narration in its emphasis on senses, often used to establish atmosphere or mood, rarely a stand-alone developmental pattern (usually used to strengthen other modes)1
8277573780Process AnalysisExplains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done. Often more expository than persuasive, connotative language may establish a position or tone2
8277573781ExemplificationProviding a series of examples, turns a general idea into a concrete idea, often helps clarify or illustrate a point or argument, Often used in inductive arguments (reasoning from specifics pieces of evidence to a more general conclusion)3
8277573782Compare & ContrastJuxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences4
8277573783Classify & DivideSorting material into categories, making connections between things that might otherwise seem unrelated5
8277573784DefinitionGenerally used to clarify the thesis or subject6
8277573785Cause & EffectMay move from causes to effect or work from the effect backward to the causes7

Ap human language notes Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8261712929languagea systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized sound, gestures, marks, or articulate vocal sounds0
8261712930standard languagemost commonly used language1
8261712931example of standard languageenglish in the US2
8261712932official languagelanguage designated by law3
8261712933example of official languageFrench in France4
8261712934dialectregional variation of a language5
8261712935example of dialectsouthern in the SE US6
8261712936isoglossspecific word choice in a location7
8261712937example of isoglosscoke, pop, soda8
8261712938Lingua francacommon language used to make trade and communication eaiser9
8261712939example of lingua francaenglish10
8261712940the US is a _______________ state because it has _____ official language(s)monolingual; one11
8261712941Switzerland is a ______________ state because it has ____________ offical language(s)multilingual; many12
82617129425 most widley spoken languagesenglish Chinese Japanese Spanish german13

AP Psychology Cognition & Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8943189010Cognitionthe mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating0
8943189011Concepta mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people1
8943193294Prototypea mental image or best example of a category2
8943193295Algorithma methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem3
8943196308Heuristica simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently4
8943256903Insighta sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem5
8943260158Creativitythe ability to produce novel and valuable ideas6
8954185917Sternberg's Five-Expertise -Imaginative thinking skills -A venturesome personality -Intrinsic motivation -A creative environment7
8954206863Confirmation Biasa tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence8
8954224714Fixationthe inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental state9
8954251645Mental Seta tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past10
8954302903Functional Fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions11
8954313115Representativeness Heuristicwhen we experience something new we based it off our prototype12
8954350651Availability Heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory13
8954353304Overconfidencethe tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments14
8954409582Belief Perseveranceclinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they are formed has been discredited15
8954409583IntuitionGut feeling16
8954412104Framingthe way an issue in posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments17
8954463715Languageour spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to meaning18
8954463716Phonemein language, the smallest distinctive sound unit19
8954467545Morphemein language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix)20
8954467546Grammara set of language rules21
8954470397Semanticsthe set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning22
8954470398Syntaxthe rules for combining words into a grammatically sensible sentences in a given language23
8954474326SkinnerEnvironment24
8954477225ChomskyInborn Universal Grammar25
8954481469Linguistic DeterminismWhorf's hypothesis language determines the way we think26
8954481470Implicit Memoryretention independent of conscious recollection (Percedureral Memory)27

Unit 3 Definitions - AP Lang Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5772638321atrophyv. to waste away or fail to develop0
5772638322efficacyn. The power to bring about the desired result; effectiveness1
5772638323emolumentn. salary or fees for work done; compensation2
5772638324iconn. 1. A religious painting, especially one revered by the Eastern Christian Churches 2. a symbol or image whose form suggests its meaning 3. One who is idolized3
5772638325incipientadj. beginning to exist or appear; in the first stage4
5772638326inculcatev. to impress upon or teach by frequent repetition5
5772638327inestimableadj. too valuable or great to be measured6
5772638328lacklusteradj. lacking brightness or vitality; without spirit or enthusiasm7
5772638329martinetn. a strict disciplinarian8
5772638330prodigiousadj. 1. Extremely large i bulk, quantity, or degree 2. causing amazement or wonder9
5772638331regimenn. a regulated program, especially one designed to improve or maintain health10
5772638332stellaradj. 1. of or related to a star 2. outstanding or brilliant11
5772638333stoicn. one seemingly indifferent to pleasure or pain12
5772638334vibrantadj. 1. full of life or vigor 2. bright or vivid 3. quivering or vibrating13
5772638335zealousadj. very enthusiastic; fervent; passionate on behalf of someone or something14

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